12TH CBSE – CHEMISTRY – TEST CODE (CC2)

SOLUTIONS - KEYS

SECTION – A

(Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each)

1. Of the following 0.1 m aqueous solutions, which one will exhibit the largest freezing point

depression?

(a) KCl (b) C6H12O6 (c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) K2SO4

2. Concentrated aqueous sulphuric acid is 98% H2SO4 by mass and has a density of 1.80 g/ml.

Volume of acid required to make one litre of 0.1 M H2SO4 solution is

(a) 16.65 ml (b) 22.20 ml (c) 5.55 ml (d) 11.10 ml

3. A solution of acetone in ethanol

(a) obeys Raoult’s law (b) behaves like a near ideal solution

(c) shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law (d) shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law

4. A substance will be deliquescent if its vapour pressure is

(a) equal to vapour pressure of water in air (b) equal to atmospheric pressure

(c) more than vapour pressure of water in air (d) less than vapour pressure of water in air

5. An aqueous solution is 1.00 m in KI. Which change will cause the vapour pressure of the

solution to increase?

(a) addition of NaCl (b) addition of Na2SO4

(c) addition of 1.00 molal KI (d) addition of water

6. What is the mole fraction of a solute in 1 m aqueous solution?

(a) 1.770 (b) 0.0354 (c) 0.0177 (d) 0.177

7. The Van’t Hoff factor for a dilute aqueous solution of the strong electrolyte barium hydroxide is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

8. At 373 K, the vapour pressure of a solution of 6.5 g of a solute in 100 g of water is 732 mm. If

Kb = 0.52, the boiling point of this solution will be

(a) 102oC (b) 103oC (c) 101oC (d) 100oC

9. A solution contains 10 g per litre of urea (molar mass of urea = 60 g mol –1) is isotonic with a 5%

solution of non-volatile solute. The molar mass of the non-volatile solute is

(a) 350 g mol–1 (b) 300 g mol–1 (c) 250 g mol–1 (d) 200 g mol–1

10. A solution of sucrose has been prepared by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in 1000 g of water. The

freezing point of the solution will be (Kf for water is equal to 1.86 K kg mol–1)

(a) –0.372oC (b) –0.520oC (c) +0.372oC (d) –0.570oC

SECTION – B

(Question numbers 11 to 15 carry 2 marks each)

11. (a) Define the following terms:

(i) Normality: Normality is defined as the number of gram equivalents of the solution per litre of

the solution

(ii) Molality: Molality is defined as the number of moles of the solution per kg of the solvent

(b) Which concentration terms are temperature dependent? Volume %, Normality, Molarity

12. (a) What is reverse osmosis?

 If pressure higher than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution side, then solvent starts
moving from solution side to pure solvent side

(b) How to convert (i) normality value to molarity (ii) mass percentage to molarity?

N = M × (Molar Mass/Equivalent Mass)

M = (Mass % × 10 × density)/Molar Mass

13. State Henry’s law. When does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial

pressure of the gas above the liquid. (1 mark)

Raoult's law becomes a special case of Henry's law when the Henry's law constant (KH) is equal

to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent (1 mark)

14. State Raoult’s law I and II and write the mathematical expressions for the same.

(i) At constant temperature, vapour pressure of a solution is directly proportional to mole

fraction of solvent – P = P0 × χ1

(ii) relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute (P0-P)/P0 = χ2

15. What is an azeotrope? Give an example.

The binary solutions that have the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at

constant temperature and can distil unchanged in composition. Any example from NCERT.

(OR)

Define ebullioscopic constant. Give its unit.

Elevation of boiling point when one mole of solute is dissolved in one kg of solvent.
Unit: K kg mol-1

SECTION – C

(Question numbers 16 to 20 carry 3 marks each)

16. What are ideal and non-ideal solutions?

17. Differentiate between positive and negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
18. What are maximum and minimum boiling azeotropes? Give an example for each category.

Minium boiling azeotropes: Formed by liquids which show large positive deviation from ideal
behaviour. Vapour pressure is highest and boiling point is minimum and is lower than either of
the components. Ethanol (351.3 K) and water (373 K) constitute an azeotrope which boils at
351.1 K at the azeotropic composition of 95.57% ethanol. Maximum boiling azeotropes: Formed
by liquid pairs which show negative deviation from ideal behaviour. Vapour pressure is
minimum and hence boiling point is maximum and is higher than either of the components. HCl
(188 K) and water (373 K) form maximum boiling azeotrope which boils at 383 K at the
azeotropic composition of 20.3% HCl

19. Explain why a solution of chloroform in acetone shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law?

Chloroform forms hydrogen bonding with acetone and hence A-B interactions are more
stronger than A-A or B-B interactions. This decreases the escaping tendency and hence leads to
decrease in vapour pressure and negative deviation.

20. Why cyclohexane is more soluble than acetonitrile in octane (solvent)?

Cyclohexane is non polar and is more soluble in non-polar solvent like octane. Like dissolves

like.
 (OR)

Why osmotic pressure measurements are suitable for determination of molecular mass of

proteins?

High sensitivity; Measured at room temperature.

SECTION – D

(Question numbers 21 to 23 carry 5 marks each)

21. (a) Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions.

(i) 30 g of Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 4.3 L of solution

Mass of Co(NO3)2∙6H2O = 30 g

Molar mass of Co(NO3)2∙6H2O = 291 (atomic weight of Co = 59)

Number of moles of Co(NO3)2∙6H2O = 30/291 = 0.103 moles

Molarity = number of moles / volume of solution in litres = 0.103/4.3 = 0.0239 M

(ii) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL

Number of moles present in 1000 ml of 0.5 M H2SO4 = 0.5 mol

Number of moles present in 30 ml of 0.5 M H2SO4 = (0.5 * 30)/1000 = 0.015 moles

Molarity = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in litres = 0.015/0.5 = 0.03 M

(b) H2S, a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell, is used for the qualitative analysis. If the solubility

of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m, calculate Henry’s law constant.

Molality of solution = 0.195

Which means 0.195 moles of the solute is dissolved in 1 kg (1000g) of the solvent

Number of moles = 0.195 moles

 Mole fraction of solute = number of moles of solute/Total number of moles

Number of moles of solvent = mass of solvent/molar mass of solvent = 1000/18 = 55.55 moles

So mole fraction of solute = 0.195/(0.195+55.55) = 0.0035

According to Henry’s law, p = κH × χsolute

At STP, p = 0.987 atm

0.987 = κH × 0.0035

κH = 0.987/0.0035 = 282 atm

22. (a) Heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid

components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a

mixture of 26 g of heptane and 35 g of octane?

Number of moles of heptane = 26/100 = 0.26

Number of moles of octane = 35/114 = 0.31

Mole fraction of heptane = 0.26/(0.26+0.31) = 0.456

Mole fraction of octane = 1 – 0.456 = 0.544

Partial vapour pressure = mole fraction × vapour pressure of pure component

pheptane = 0.456 × 105.2 = 47.07 kPa

poctane = 0.544 × 46.8 = 25.40 kPa

So, Total vapour pressure = 47.07 + 25.40 = 72.47 kPa

(b) A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure

of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further, 18 g of water is then added to the solution and the new vapour
pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate (i) molar mass of the solute & (ii) vapour

pressure of water at 298 K.

Assume that the molar mass of solute = M g mol-1

Mass of the solute = 30g

Number of moles of solute = 30/M moles

Number of moles of solvent = 90/18 = 5 moles

It is known that, P0-P/P0 = (W2/M2) * (M1/W1)

Vapour pressure of solution, P = 2.8 kPa

1-(2.8/P0) = (30/M)/[5 + (30/M)]

2.8/P0 = 1 - (30/M)/[5 + (30/M)]

2.8/P0 = {[5 + (30/M)] - (30/M)}/[5 + (30/M)]

P0/2.8 = [5 + (30/M)]/5

P0/2.8 = 1 + (6/M) → (1)

Upon adding 18g of water,

1-(2.9/P0) = (30/M)/[6 + (30/M)]

(2.9/P0) = 1 – {(30/M)/[6 + (30/M)]}

2.9/P0 = {[6 + (30/M)] - (30/M)}/[6 + (30/M)]

P0/2.9 = [6 + (30/M)]/6

P0/2.9 = 1 + (5/M) → (2)

Dividing (1) by (2),

(2.9/2.8) = [1+(6/M)]/[1+(5/M]
 M = 23 g mol-1

Sub value of M in (1) or (2)

P0 = 3.53 kPa

23. (a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the

freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

(b) Two elements A and B form compounds having formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved in

20 g of benzene, 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K whereas 1 g of AB4 lowers it

by 1.3 K. The molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol−1. Calculate the atomic

masses of A and B.

For AB2, ΔTf = (Kf × W2 × 1000)/ (M2 × W1)

2.3 = (5.1 × 1 × 1000)/(M2 × 20)

M2 = 110.86 g mol-1

For AB4, ΔTf = (Kf × W2 × 1000)/ (M2 × W1)

1.3 = (5.1 × 1 × 1000)/(M2 × 20)

M2 = 196.15 g mol-1

For AB4, A + 4B = 196.15

For AB2, A + 2B = 110.86

Upon solving,

B = 42.645 u

A = 25.57 u