SCIENCE

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

Quarter 1 Week 4
Science-Grade Nine
Modified Strategic Intervention Materials
Quarter 1: Week 4: Sex-Linked Traits
Sex-Limited Traits
Sex-Influenced Traits

Development Team

Author: Robert P. Alfaro

Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Language Reviewer: Paz I. Canlas
Content Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout: Joy M. Funtila

Management Team

Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESOV, Schools Division Superintendent

Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga
Landline Number: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

 Title Card
Lesson 11: Sex-Linked Traits

Guide Card
Introduction
Similar to other organisms, the principles of heredity also operates in humans. Observations of
traits from generation to generation reveal that there are similar characteristics possessed by both the older
and younger generations. Transmission of the traits is made through mitosis and meiosis by DNA
molecules, that code for proteins. Inheritance of human traits shows evidence of dominant and recessive
traits, sex-linked genes and sex-influenced characteristics and mutations.

In this module, we will focus on the genes for some human traits that are carried on the sex
chromosomes which are often called “sex-linked genes”.

As you work on different activities in this module, you should be able to answer the key questions:
a. What is a sex-linked trait?
b. Why are males more likely to have hemophilia than females?
c. Aside from genetic reasons, what are the other factors that may cause color blindness?

Learning Objective

As you study this module, you will find answers to questions and will be able to:

a. Determine the genotype and phenotype of common sex-linked disorders; and

b. Solve problems related to sex-linked traits.

Pre-Test: What I Know

A. Identify the word/phrase being described. Write your answers in your notebook. .

_____________1. This results in the inability to have normal blood clotting.

_____________2. This refers to a person’s inability to distinguish a certain a color from the other.
_____________3. These are traits controlled by sex-linked genes.

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_____________4. This refers to a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant
allele.
_____________5. These are the genes linked to the X and Y chromosomes.

B. Write the word TRUE on the blank if the sentence is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect. Write your answers on your notebook.

______6. The ability to discriminate between the colors red and green is controlled by the gene
located in the Y chromosome.
______7.Most of the sex-linked disorders are associated with Y chromosome.
______8. Colorblindness is more common in males than in females.
______9. Baldness is a sex-linked trait.
______10. Males have only one X chromosome. Thus, if they inherit the affected X, they will have the
disorder.

Review / What’s In
Males have 44 body chromosomes and two sex chromosomes X and Y. The males determine the
sex of their children. Females have 44 body chromosomes and two sex chromosomes, both X. The total
number in each of an individual is 46. These chromosomes contain the genes, which are the factors of
heredity.
If an egg is fertilized by a sperm with a Y chromosome, the offspring is male. When the egg is
fertilized by a sperm carrying an X chromosome, the offspring is female. Note that there is 50 percent
chance of having a male or female offspring. The greater the number of offspring, the greater is the chance
of getting the expected 1:1 ratio of male and female.

Activity Card
What’s New
Activity 1:Identify the phenotype of both male and female given the genotypes of color
blindness. Write your answers in your notebook..

Key for the trait:

Genotypes and Phenotypes of Color Blindness in Humans
Genotype Phenotype
1. XX
2. 𝑋𝑋 𝐶
3. 𝑋 𝐶 𝑋 𝐶
4. XY
5. 𝑋 𝐶 𝑌

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 Clue:
Phenotype: - normal male, - normal female,
-normal female (carrier of the gene)
- color-blind male, –color-blind female

Activity 2:
Solve the following problem: Write your answers in your notebook. .
Color-blindness is a recessive, sex-linked disorder in humans. A color-blind man has a child with
a woman who is a carrier of the disorder.
Key for the trait.
Using a Punnett square, illustrate the probability of having children who will have normal vision
and children who will be color-blind.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the genotype of the male? ____________
2. What is the genotype of the female? ____________
3. What is the chance that the child will be color-blind? ____________
4. What is the chance that a daughter will be color-blind? ____________
5. What is the chance that a son will be color-blind? ____________

Discussion
SEX-LINKED TRAITS
Sex-link traits are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on sex chromosomes. As
mentioned, humans have two forms of sex chromosomes: the X and Y chromosomes. The X chromosome
carries most of the sex-linked genes; thus, most of the sex-linked disorders are associated with this
chromosome. Examples of sex-linked disorders are hemophilia and color blindness.
Hemophilia is a result of poor blood coagulation. Persons with hemophilia frequently experience
excessive bleeding even at the slightest injuries.

Males are more likely to acquire this disorder than females.

This is because male have only one X chromosome, and so the
defective gene is more likely to manifest. Females, on the other
hand, have two X chromosomes, and so the chance of acquiring
two defective copies of the gene is very rare.

A female may be a carrier of hemophilia if she inherits only

one abnormal gene, either from her mother or her father. That
is, either her father is hemophiliac or her mother is a
hemophiliac carrier

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 Color blindness, on the other hand, is a person’s inability to distinguish a certain color from the
other. One of the genes for color blindness is located in the X chromosome.
 Because of this, males have a higher tendency of acquiring the trait than females. Though females
may be carriers, they are not normally affected. Because color blindness and hemophilia are both
X-linked traits.

TAKE NOTE:
 Sex-linked disorders occur mostly in males than in females. This is due to females having two X
chromosomes. They are protected by an extra X chromosome that may contain a dominant normal
gene. Thus, instead of expressing the defective trait, females tend to be carriers of the gene,
especially when their father has expressed such traits.

Enrichment Card
Activity 1:

Solve the following problem. Write your answers in your notebook. .

Hemophilia is a disease caused by a gene found on the X chromosome. Therefore, it is referred

to as a sex-linked disease. The recessive allele causes the disease. A man with hemophilia marries a
woman that is homozygous dominant for the trait.

Make a key for the trait: 𝑿𝑯 = ___________ 𝑿𝒉 = _____________

Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disease.

Guide questions:
1. What is the genotype of the male? Female?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. Will any of their children have the disease?
_______________________________________________________________________
3. What is the probabilities of their children having the disease?
_______________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2:
Solve the following problem. Write your answers in your notebook. .

a. Key for the trait: Mother (carrier) = 𝑿𝒉 𝑿

Father (hemophiliac)= 𝑿𝒉 𝒀

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disease.

 Identify the following:

1. Genotypes = _______________________________________________
2. Genotypic ratio = __________________________________________
3. Phenotypes = ______________________________________________
4. Phenotypic ratio = __________________________________________

b. Key for the trait: Mother (carrier) = 𝑿𝒉 𝑿

Father (normal)= 𝑿𝒀

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disease.

 Identify the following:

5. Genotypes = _______________________________________________
6. Genotypic ratio = ___________________________________________
7. Phenotypes = ______________________________________________
8. Phenotypic ratio = __________________________________________

Reflection Card

1. As you read this module about sex linked genes, write the main – the biggest or most important idea --
in the given graphic organizer below. Then write at least four (4) supporting details that further explain
the main idea.

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 Detail: Detail:

Main Idea:

Detail: Detail:

2. Reflect on the key concepts and write a question/s that you still have in your mind about this module.
(Use this graphic organizer for your reflection).

Assessment Card
I. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer. Write your answers in your
notebook..
Red-green color blindness is caused by an X-linked recessive allele. A color-blind man marries a
woman with normal vision whose father is color-blind.

Key for the trait: X = normal vision 𝑿𝑪 = color blindness

Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disorder.

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___1. There is a _____ chance that the couple’s daughter will be color blind.
A. 0% B. 25% C. 50 % D. 75%

___2. There is a _____ chance that a male child will be color blind.
A. 0% B. 25% C. 50 % D. 75%

___3. The ratio of children with normal vision to those who will be color blind will be _____.
A. 4:0 B. 1:1 C: 3:1 D. 2:2

___4. The genotype of the father/husband is ______.

A. 𝑋 𝑐 𝑌 B. 𝑋𝑌 C. 𝑋 𝐶 𝑌 𝐶 D. 𝑋𝑌 𝑐

____5. The genotype of the mother/wife is ______.

A. 𝑋 𝐶 𝑋 𝐶 B. 𝑋 𝑐 𝑋 𝑐 C. 𝑋𝑋 𝑐 D. 𝑋𝑋

II. Solve the following problem. Write your answers in your notebook. .

a. Key for the trait: Mother (Hemophiliac) = 𝑿𝒉𝑿𝒉

Father (Hemophiliac)= 1. ______________

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disease.

 Identify the following:

2. Genotypes = ______________________________________________
3. Genotypic ratio = __________________________________________
4. Phenotypes = _____________________________________________
5. Phenotypic ratio = _________________________________________

Mother (Hemophiliac) = 𝑿𝒉 𝑿𝒉
b. Key for the trait:
Father (Normal)= 6. _______________

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that their children will have the disease.

 Identify the following:

7. Genotypes = ______________________________________________
8. Genotypic ratio = __________________________________________
9. Phenotypes = _____________________________________________
10. Phenotypic ratio = ________________________________________

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 Reference Card

 Science 9 – Teacher’s Module and Learner’s Module

 Alumaga, M.J. et al., Science and Technology 9. Vibal Group Inc., 2014.
 Faraon, Genevieve, Teresita Religioso and Lilia Vengco. You and the Natural World
Science 9. Phoenix Publishing House 2014.
 Garcia, R.J. et al. Science for the 21st Century Learner 9. Diwa Learning Systems Inc., 2015
 Padilla, Michael, et al., Science Explorer.Pearson Education Inc. 2007

GO ONLINE!!!
For: Links on Genetics
Visit: www. SciLinks.org
Web Code: scn-0341

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 9
Assessment 2 Assessment 1
1. 𝑋 ℎ 𝑌 1. B
2. 𝑋 ℎ 𝑋 ℎ , 𝑋 ℎ 𝑌 2. B
3. 1:1 3. C
4. Female hemophiliac, 4. A
male hemophiliac 5. C
5. 1:1
6. XY
7. 𝑋 ℎ 𝑋, 𝑋 ℎ 𝑌
8. 1:1
9. female carrier, male
hemophiliac
10. 1:1
Enrichment Activity 2 Enrichment Activity 1
1. 𝑋 ℎ 𝑋, 𝑋 ℎ 𝑋 ℎ , 𝑋𝑌 , 𝑋 ℎ 𝑌 1. Man: 𝑿𝒉𝒀 Female: 𝑿𝑯 𝑿𝑯
2. 1:1:1:1 2. Yes
3. Female carrier, female hemophiliac, 3. 100% of the female will be carriers
male normal, male hemophiliac of the disease. All males will be
4. 1:1:1:1 hemophiliacs.
5. 𝑋𝑋, 𝑋 ℎ 𝑋, 𝑋𝑌 , 𝑋 ℎ 𝑌
6. 1:1:1:1
7. female normal, female carrier, male
normal, male hemophiliac
8. 1:1:1:1
Activity 2 Activity 1 Pre-Test
1. 𝑋 𝐶 𝑌 1. Normal female 1. Hemophilia
2. 𝑋𝑋 𝐶 2. Normal female, 2. Colorblindness
3. 50% carrier 3. Sex-linked traits
4. 50% 3. Color-blind female 4. Carrier
5. 50% 4. Normal male 5. Sex-linked genes
5. Color-blind male 6. False
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. True
Answer Card
 Title Card
Lesson 12: Sex-Limited Traits

Guide Card
Introduction
All living things, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, have their own character traits.
Some traits are passed on from generation to generation unless significant changes take place in the
determiners of inheritance, which subsequently leads to variation in population.

Observe the family members of your friends. You will probably notice that your friends and their
brothers and sisters have characteristics similar to those of their parents. These may be facial structure,
skin color, shape of nose, eyes, or hair structure.

However, some traits that are inherited are autosomal—which means that the autosomal genes are
found in both sexes, but for physiological or anatomical reasons, the trait is manifested only in one sex.

In this module, we will focus on the traits that are expressed in only one gender. As you work on
different activities in this module, you should be able to answer the key questions:
a. What is a sex-limited trait?
b. How are sex-limited traits different from sex-linked traits?
c. What are the examples of sex-limited traits in animals?

Learning Competency
As you study this module, you will find answers to the questions and you will be able to:
a. Determine the genotype and phenotype of common sex-limited traits; and
b. Give examples of sex-limited traits.

Pre-Test: What I Know

Put a check mark () if the statement is correct and a cross mark (X) if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers on your notebook..

_____1. Sex-limited traits are manifested only in one sex.

_____2. Sex-limited traits are generally autosomal.
_____3. Sex-limited traits are found on the X and Y chromosomes.
_____4. Sex-limited genes are expressed in the phenotype of an individual.
_____5. Baldness is a sex-limited trait.

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_____6. Autosomal genes are found in both sexes.
_____7. Roosters develop a large comb, while hens of the same breed do not.
_____8. In cows, milk production is found in bulls and cows, but it is not manifested by bulls.
_____9. . In humans, a son may inherit the growth of facial hair from his mother although the trait may
not be expressed on her appearance.
_____10. Bright plumage of certain male birds does not appear in females of the same species.

Review / What’s In
Sex-linked traits are genetic characteristics determined by genes located in sex chromosomes. As
mentioned, humans have two forms of sex chromosomes, the X and Y chromosomes. Hemophilia and
color blindness are examples of common sex-linked disorders which are X-linked recessive traits. These
traits are carried on the X-chromosomes with no alleles on the Y chromosomes.

If the allele is dominant, both male and the female are readily affected and traits are expressed.
However, if the allele is recessive, the female becomes a carrier as both of her X chromosomes must carry
the alleles to be affected, while the males are readily affected due to the single X-chromosome they have.

Key Concepts:
 Sex-linked traits are inherited through the X-chromosomes.
 Male have only one X chromosome. Thus, if they inherit the affected X, they will have the
disorder.
 Females have two X chromosome. Therefore, they can inherit/carry the trait without being affected
if it acts in a recessive manner.
However, there are some traits that are expressed exclusively in one sex. And these are what we
called “sex-limited traits”.

Activity Card
What’s New
Activity 1:
Complete the table below. (Refer to the given statement about lactation.) Write your
answers on your notebook..
One example of a sex-limited characteristics is the lactation in cattle. The gene for lactation (L)
is dominant over the non-lactating gene (l). These genes are carried by both males and females, but it is
only expressed in females. Now, identify the phenotype of both male and female based on this statement.
Expression of Lactation in Cattle
Genotype in Symbols Phenotype Phenotype
(Males) (Females)
1. LL (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________
2. Ll (3) ____________________ (4) ____________________
3. ll (5) ____________________ (6) ____________________

Clue:
Phenotypes: - Lactating
- Not Lactating

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Activity 2:
Write a short description about the sex-limited characteristics of the following animals.
Write your answers on your notebook..
Example:
Male bird Female bird

Sex-limited characteristic:
Certain male birds show a bright plumage which does not appear in females of the same species.

A. Do this!
Rooster Hen

Sex-limited characteristics:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Discussion
SEX-LIMITED TRAITS
Sex-limited traits are generally autosomal, which means that they are not found on X and Y
chromosomes. The genes for these traits behave exactly the same way that any autosomal genes behave.
These genes produce characteristics that are expressed in only one of the sexes.
They are often confused with sex-linked genes, but they are entirely different in their mode of
inheritance. Sex-limited genes may be located in any of the chromosomes, while the sex-linked genes are
located only in the X or Y chromosome.
In cattle, for instance, lactation is expressed in females but never in males. Both male and female
cattle however possess a gene pair for lactation. These genes are carried by both males and females, but it
is only expressed in females.
Have you noticed that in female cattle, if at least one gene pair is for lactation (L), the female
produce milk? In male cattle, it does not matter if they possess one or two genes for lactation. They never
produce milk.

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 Expression of Lactation in Cattle
Genotype in Phenotype Phenotype
Symbols (Males) (Females)
1. LL Male not lactating Female lactating
2. Ll Male not lactating Female lactating
3. ll Male not lactating Female not lactating

Enrichment Card
Activity 1:
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the paragraphs about sex-limited
traits. You may refer to the pool of clues below for your answers. Write your answers on your
notebook..

(1) ____________________________
In this type of inheritance, (2) _______________are found in
(3) _______________, but for physiological or anatomical reasons, the trait is
manifested only in (4) _______________.
The (5) _______________ in males is a good example in man. Both males
and females carry all the genes necessary to produce a beard, but only (6)
_______________ show this trait. However, in rare cases, hormone imbalance in
women results in a (7) _______________. Similarly, breast development is
normally limited to (8) _______________, but (9) _______________ may cause
breast development in men.
Also, in humans, a son may inherit the growth of (10) _______________
from his mother although there is no sign of it on her appearance.

Clues:
sex-linked traits bearded lady both sexes
autosomal genes women sex-limited traits
hormone imbalance men one sex
beard facial hair sex chromosomes

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 Reflection Card

1. After you have read this module about sex-limited genes, write the biggest or most important idea of
this lesson in the given graphic organizer below. Then, write at least four (4) supporting details that
further explain the main idea.

Detail: Detail:

Main Idea:

Detail: Detail:

2. Reflect on the key concepts and write any question/s that you still have in your mind about this
module. (Use this graphic organizer for your reflection.)

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 Assessment Card

I. Write the word TRUE on the blank if the sentence is correct. If the statement is
incorrect, change the underlined word or phrase that makes the statement false. Write your
answers on your notebook..

_____1. Sex-limited traits are manifested only in one sex.

_____2. Sex-limited traits are generally autosomal.
_____3. Sex-limited traits are found on the X and Y chromosomes.
_____4. Sex-limited genes are expressed in the phenotype of an individual.
_____5. Autosomal genes are found in both sexes.

II. Draw a smiley face if the given characteristic/trait is an example of sex-limited trait

and put a sad face  if it is not. Write your answers on your notebook. .

_____6. egg production in chickens

_____7. color blindness
_____8. milk production in cows
_____9. hemophilia
_____10. facial hair

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 Reference Card
 Science 9 – Teacher’s Module and Learner’s Module
 Alumaga, M.J. et al., Science and Technology 9 (Vibal Group Inc., 2014)
 Faraon, Genevieve, Teresita Religioso and Lilia Vengco, You and the Natural World
Science 9 (Phoenix Publishing House, 2014)
 Garcia, R.J. et al., Science for the 21st Century Learner 9 (Diwa Learning Systems Inc.,
2015)
 Padilla, Michael, et al., Science Explorer (Pearson Education Inc., 2007)

GO ONLINE!!!
For: Links on Genetics
Visit: www. SciLinks.org
Web Code: scn-0341

16
 17
Assessment Card Enrichment Activity
1. True 1. Sex-limited traits
2. True 2. Autosomal genes
3. Body chromosome 3. Both sexes
4. True 4. One sex
5. True 5. Beard
6. (smiley face) 6. Man
7. (sad face) 7. Bearded lady
8. (smiley face) 8. Women
9. (sad face) 9. Hormone imbalance
10 (smiley face) 10. Facial hair
Activity 2 Activity 1 Pre-Assessment
1. Roosters develop a 1. Female lactating 1. /
large comb, while hens 2. Male not lactating 2. /
of the same breed do 3. Female lactating 3. X
not. 4. Male not lactating 4. /
5. Female lactating 5. X
6. Male not lactating 6. /
7. /
8. /
9. /
10. /
Answer Card
 Title Card
Lesson 13: Sex-Influenced Traits

Guide Card
Introduction
Are all inherited differences between the sexes due to sex-linked genes? The answer is NO. Some
traits appear more often in one sex than the other. The trait produced is not linked, but is carried by the
body chromosomes or autosomes. These traits are called “sex-influenced traits”. In this case, hormones
influence the expression of the genes.

This module focuses on the genes that are not carried by the sex chromosomes. You will find out what
makes these traits unusual the way they are expressed phenotypically.

As you work on the different activities in this module, you should be able to answer the key
questions:
a. What is a sex-influenced trait?
b. How are sex-influenced traits different from sex-linked and sex-limited traits?
c. Why is baldness more common among males than females?

Learning Competencies
As you study this module, you will find answers to the questions and you will be able to:
a. Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of common sex-influenced traits;
b. Compare sex-limited and sex-influenced traits; and
b. Perform a cross related to sex-influenced traits using Punnett square.

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Pre-Test: What I Know
I. In your notebook, copy this pre-assessment Word Hunt and find the words that are
related to sex-influenced trait. Draw a line in every word that you find.

Q W E R T Y U H D V D E G
T E S T O S T E R O N E E
R B A L L N E D S E E G N
A S E E F G E G N E S E E
I T E S T R E S T R A E S
T T B A L D N E S S T E A
S F H J J K K T R A I S F
S E X I N F L U E N C E D

Find these words:

Testosterone Genes Sex-influenced
Traits Baldness

II. Put a check mark () on the blank before the number if the statement is correct and a
cross mark (X) if the statement is incorrect. Write your answers on your notebook..
____1. Sex-influenced traits are expressed exclusively in one sex.
____2. Sex-influenced traits act differently between males and females.
____3. Baldness is a sex-influenced trait.
____4. Testosterone in females greatly affects the frequency of the expression of the trait.
____5. Sex-influenced traits are carried by the body chromosomes.

Review / What’s In
Sex-limited traits are also autosomal, which means that they are not found in X and Y
chromosomes. The genes for these traits behave exactly the same way that any autosomal genes behave.
And these genes produce characteristics that are expressed in only one of the sexes.

One example of a sex-limited characteristics is the bright plumage of certain male birds that does
not appear in females of the same species. Roosters develop a large comb, while hens of the same breed
do not. In cows, milk production is found in bulls and cows but it is not manifested by the bulls. In humans,
a son may inherit the growth of facial hair from his mother although there is no sign of it from the mother’s
appearance.

Key Concept:
 Sex-influenced traits are those that are expressed exclusively in one sex.

In this new module, you will learn that there are traits or characteristics which are expressed in both
sexes but more frequently in one than in the other sex. And these traits are what we call “sex-influenced
traits”.

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 Activity Card
Activity 1:
Complete the table below. (Refer to the given statement about baldness.) Write your answers
on your notebook..

One classic example of a sex-influenced traits is baldness B. It is dominant in males but recessive
in females. Both males and females with the genotype BB are likely to be bald. Men having a genotype
Bb usually go bald but females with this condition do not.

The allele for normal hair, b, is recessive in males but dominant in females. Neither males nor
females with bb genotypes are bald.
Expression of Pattern Baldness in Humans
Genotype in Symbols Phenotype Phenotype
(Males) (Females)
1. BB (1) (2)
____________________ ____________________
2. Bb (3) (4)
____________________ ____________________
3. bb (5) (6)
____________________ ____________________

Clue:
Phenotypes: - bald - non bald

Activity 2: Heart Work

Solve the following problem: Write your answers on your notebook. .
Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability of having children who will be bald and not bald.

Key for the trait: 𝑿𝑩 𝑿𝑩 = mother is bald 𝑿𝒃 𝒀𝒃 =father is non bald

Guide Questions:

1. What is the genotype of the father? ____________

2. What is the genotype of the mother? ____________
3. What is the chance that the child will be bald? ____________
4. What is the chance that a daughter will be bald? ____________
5. What is the chance that a son will be bald? ____________

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Discussion
SEX-INFLUENCED TRAITS

Sex-influenced traits are also autosomal, the same with sex-limited traits, which means that genes
are not carried by the sex chromosomes. Again, what makes these traits unusual is the way they are
expressed phenotypically. In this case, the difference has something to do with the way the genders
express the genes. This is not like the sex-limited traits where the traits are expressed exclusively in one
sex.
One example of a sex-influenced trait is baldness B. The gene is not in the X chromosome but its
expression of dominance is affected by the sex of the individual involved. It acts differently in males and
in females. This means that one baldness gene is enough to make a man bald. The genotype for males will
therefore be BB or Bb. A woman must have two baldness genes to make her bald. The genotype has to
be BB.

Expression of Pattern Baldness in Humans

Genotype in Symbols Phenotype Phenotype
(Males) (Females)
1. BB Bald Bald
2. Bb Bald Normal (Not Bald)
3. bb Normal (Not Bald) Not Bald

The behaviors of the products of these genes are highly influenced by the hormones in the
individual, particularly by the hormone testosterone. All humans have testosterone, but males have much
higher levels of this hormone than females have. The result is that, in males, the baldness alleles behave
like a dominant allele, while in female it behaves like a recessive allele.

Key Concepts:
 Sex-influenced traits are expressed in both sexes, but more frequently in one than in the other
sex. Baldness, for example, may be expressed in females but it occurs more frequently in males.
 Sex-limited traits are those that are expressed exclusively in one sex.

Enrichment Card
Activity 1:
Solve the following problem. Write your answers on your notebook. .

a. Key for the trait: 𝑿𝒃 𝑿𝒃 = mother is non bald; 𝑿𝑩 𝑿𝑩 = father is bald

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that the children will be bald.

 Identify the following:

1. Genotypes = ______________________________________________
2. Genotypic ratio = __________________________________________
3. Phenotypes = _____________________________________________
4. Phenotypic ratio = _________________________________________

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Activity 2:
Solve the following problem. Write your answers in your notebook..

𝑿𝑩 𝑿𝑩 = mother is bald; 𝑿𝑩 𝑿𝑩 = father is bald

a. Key for the trait:

 Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability that the children will be bald.

 Identify the following:

1. Genotypes = _______________________________________________
2. Genotypic ratio = __________________________________________
3. Phenotypes = ______________________________________________
4. Phenotypic ratio = __________________________________________

Reflection Card
1. As you read this module about sex-influenced traits, write the biggest or most important idea that this
lesson gives you. Use the given graphic organizer below. Then, write at least four (4) supporting details
that further explain the main idea.

Detail: Detail:

Main Idea:

Detail: Detail:

2. Reflect on the key concepts and write any question/s that you still have in your mind about this
module. (Use this graphic organizer for your reflection.)

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 Assessment Card
Assessment 1
I. Choose the letter that corresponds to the answer. Write your answers on your notebook. .
Baldness maybe expressed in females but it occurs more frequently in males.

Situation: Both mother and father are not bald

Key for the trait: _______ = mother (not bald)

_______ = father (not bald)

___1. There is _____ chance that the couple’s daughter will be bald.
A. 0% B. 25% C. 50 % D. 75%
___2. There is _____ chance that a male child will be bald.
A. 0% B. 25% C. 50 % D. 75%
___3. The genotype of the male child is ______.
A. 𝑋 𝑏 𝑌 𝑏 B. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 C. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 𝑏 D. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 𝐵
___4. The genotype of the father/husband is ______.
A. 𝑋 𝑏 𝑌 𝑏 B. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 C. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 𝑏 D. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑌 𝐵
____5. The genotype of the mother/wife is ______.
A. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑋 𝐵 B. 𝑋 𝑏 𝑋 𝑏 C. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑋 𝑏 D. 𝑋𝑋

Assessment 2
II. Using this Venn diagram, compare and contrast sex-limited and sex-influenced traits. Write
details that tell how the topics are different in the outer circles. Write details that tell how the topics are
alike where the circles overlap. Write your answers on your notebook. .
Topic: Sex-Influenced Trait Topic: Sex-Limited Trait

(Alike)
(Different) (Different)

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 Reference Card
 Science 9 – Teacher’s Module and Learner’s Module
 Alumaga, M.J. et al., Science and Technology 9 (Vibal Group Inc., 2014)
 Faraon, Genevieve, Teresita Religioso andLilia Vengco, You and the Natural World
Science 9 (Phoenix Publishing House, 2014)
 Garcia, R.J. et al., Science for the 21st Century Learner 9 (Diwa Learning Systems
Inc., 2015)
 Padilla, Michael, et al., Science Explorer (Pearson Education Inc., 2007)

GO ONLINE!!!
For: Links on Genetics
Visit: www. SciLinks.org
Web Code: scn-0341

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 25
Assessment 1
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
Assessment 2
1. Sex-limited and sex-influenced traits are similar in that their expression depends on
whether the person is male or female.
2. Sex-limited traits are exclusively in one sex and never in the opposite sex. Sex-
influenced traits are expressed in both males and females, only more frequently in one
sex than in the other.
Enrichment Activity 1 Activity 2
Activity 1 1. Bald 1. 𝑋 𝑏 𝑌 𝑏
1. 𝑋𝐵 𝑋𝑏 , 𝑋𝐵 𝑌𝑏 2. Bald 2. 𝑋 𝐵 𝑋 𝐵
2. 1:1 3. Bald 3. 50%
3. Female not bald, Male 4. Normal (Not Bald) 4. 0%
bald 5. Normal (Not Bald) 5. 50%
4. 1;1 6. Not bald
Activity 2
1. 𝑋𝐵 𝑋𝐵 , 𝑋𝐵 𝑌𝐵
2. 1:1
3. Female bald, Male
bald
4. 1;1
Pre-Test
Part I.
Part II.
1. X 2. / 3. / 4. X 5. /
Answer Card
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph