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UNIT 1 - THE ART OF COMMUNICATION

1. Effective communication is an indispensable skill for dynamic social life.

2. Effective communication is the art and process of creating and sharing ideas.
3. Effective communication is transferring information from one person to
another.
4. Source is the sender of the message.
5. Message is the idea to be conveyed.
6. Encoding is using the proper format to transfer the message.
7. Decoding is done by the receiver when he receives a message.
8. The receiver analyses the message on his/her own individual expectations,
opinions, and perspectives.
9. Feedback is a process in which the effect of an action is returned to modify
next action.
10.The situation forms the context of communication.
11.Just a Minute (JAM) is one of BBC’S most rated TV/Radio programmes.
12.In JAM, speakers have to speak fluently for a minute without repetition,
hesitation, or deviation.
13.Extempore is a stage performance which is carried out without preparation of
any kind.
14.Extempore is mostly used while referring to speech and poetry discussions.
15.The other commonly used names for extempore speeches are impromptu
speaking, improvised speaking and extemporaneous speaking.
16.A debate is a discussion in which speakers form two groups, and argue in favor
of or against a topic.
17.The topic of debate is called a motion.
18.A moderator controls the proceedings of a debate.
19.A speech is a type of oral recitation, whether from memory
or notes.
20.Presentation is usually referred to as a more interactive
experience.
21.Presentations are about giving the information in a way that appeals to the
audience, rather than necessarily transferring the information.
22.Speeches are more formal than presentations.
23.Presentations tend to be about facts and figures.
24.Speeches are given to larger crowds and therefore must appeal to the
emotions.
25.Presentations are generally given to smaller groups therefore contains more
details.
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26.A presentation is primarily about and conveying or explaining information so

that the audience can understand, remember and use it.
27.Signposts help to guide the audience through a presentation.
28.When you want to change direction – to digress
29.When you want to refer to an earlier point – to go back to
30.When you want to repeat the main points – to recap
31.When you want to give a wider perspective – to
expand
32.When you want to give an example – to illustrate
33.When you want to do a deeper analysis – to elaborate
34.When you just want to give the basic points – to
summarize once again
35.When you want to deviate from your plan – to turn to
36.When you want to finish your talk – to conclude
37.When you want to make your next point – to move on to

COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.

Need and Importance of Communication

Communication is one of the important tools that help us to connect with people.
Either you are a student or a working professional, good communication is something
that will connect you far ahead. Proper communication can help you to solve a
number of issues and resolve problems. This is the reason that one must know how
to communicate well. The skills of communication essential to be developed so that
you are able to interact with people and able to share your thoughts and reach out to
them. All this needs the correct guidance and self-analysis as well.

Communication Barriers

A communication barrier is anything that prevents us from receiving and

understanding the messages. Some of the communication barriers during
conversation include:
1.The use of jargon or over-complicated, unfamiliar and technical terms.
2.Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver.
3.Differences in perception and viewpoint.
4.Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties. 5.Language
differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
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6.People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and
jump to incorrect conclusions.

The Process of Communication

The process of communication includes 8 stages. The different stages of
communication are:
1. Source: It is the sender of the message.
2. Message: It is the idea to be conveyed.
3. Encoding: Encoding is using the proper format to transfer the message.
4. Channel: It includes face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, written
communications, e-mails etc.
5. Decoding: Decoding is done by the receiver when he receives a message
6. Receiver: Receiver is the one who listens to the source. Receiver analyses
the message on the basis of his/her own individual expectations, opinions
and perspectives.
7. Feedback: Feedback is a process in which the effect of an action is
'returned' to modify the next action.
8. Context: The situation forms the context of communication.

Qualities of a good speaker

1. Make eye contact with the audience
2. Speak at normal speed
3. Maintain a positive body language
4. Define the topic
5. Give examples
6. Use good pronunciation
7. Choose your words carefully
8. Be grammatical

Sample Speeches
1. The habit of reading newspaper
Respected teachers and dear friends
Today, I am standing before you to share my thoughts on the habit of reading
newspaper.
Reading newspaper is a good habit that can provide a great sense of educational
value. It carries information about politics, economy, entertainment, sports,
business, industry, trade and commerce. It will improve your language skills and
vocabulary. Here are some of the benefits that you can get by reading daily
newspapers:
Newspapers carry the news of the world.
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Newspapers provide information and general knowledge.

Newspapers provide news about a country’s economic situation, sports, games,
entertainment, trade and commerce.
Reading newspaper makes you well informed.
Reading newspapers will improve your knowledge.
Through newspapers, you will have a clear idea and understanding of what is
happening in your country and the whole world.
I hope all of you have got a clear idea on the benefits of reading newspaper. Let us all
develop and maintain this good habit in our life.
Let me conclude my words,
Thank you.
2. My role-model
Respected teachers and dear friends
Today, I am standing before you to share my thoughts on my role model.
A role model is someone who encourages and inspires people for their betterment.
As we talk about the term role model, every one of us has someone in our minds. The
person who has a huge impact on our lives. A role model can simply be anyone from
our family, our friends, or even a famous personality. The qualities of a role model
that motivates us to become a better version of ourselves can be the values and
beliefs they practice and preach.
My role model is my mother.
My mother is my first teacher, my advisor, and my support system. She has always
been there for me through thick and thin.
She is a beautiful person inside and out.
She is an excellent cook; she has taught me to respect food and people. She is my
role model because she gives me strength and motivates me. She inspires me to
become a good human being and a caring child.
My mother has always helped us and made us believe in ourselves. She is the most
understanding person of all the people I know.
My mother has made many sacrifices in her life to nurture us, hence she is the
biggest role model in my life.
I know all of you love you mother. Let us respect our mother and make her happy.
Let me conclude my words.
Thank you.

Debate
A debate is a discussion in which speakers form two groups, and argue in favour of or
against a topic. The topic is called a motion.
The Process
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There are two teams, each consisting of two or three speakers. One team supports
the motion, and the other opposes the motion. A moderator controls the
proceedings.

PRESENTATION
Difference between Speech and Presentation
A speech is a type of oral recitation, whether from memory or notes.
Presentation, on the other hand, is usually referred to as a more interactive
experience. Presentations are about giving the information in a way that appeals to
the audience, rather than necessarily transferring the information.
Speeches are more formal than presentations. Presentations tend to be about facts
and figures.
Speeches are given to larger crowds and therefore must appeal to the emotions.
Presentations are generally given to smaller groups and therefore contains more
details. A presentation is primarily about conveying or explaining information so that
the audience can understand, remember and use it.

Signposts for Presentation:

To move on: to start to discuss a new subject during a formal meeting:
To go back: to return:
To summarize: to do a deeper analysis.
To expand on: to give more details about something you have said or written
To recap: to repeat the main points of an explanation or a description
To digress: to move away from the main subject you are writing or talking about and
to write or talk about something else:
To illustrate: to show the meaning or truth of something more clearly, especially by
giving examples:
To conclude: to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing:
To elaborate on: to add more information to or explain something that you have said:

Outlining a Presentation
Good morning, all…
I would like to talk to you about the topic ______________.
I will begin by giving a brief introduction to the topic.
I will give you an overview of the main areas of the presentation.
Then I will go on to discuss the subject in depth.
I will end my presentation by summarizing all the important points once again.
At the end of my presentation, I will invite you to ask me questions that you may
have.