7

Research 7
Quarter 3 – Week 5 and 6:
Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

PRESENTATION OF DATA

1
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Research Grade 7, Quarter 3 Week 5 & 6

Learning Competency:
Use appropriate graphs, tables, charts, and pictures to organize and
present data (SSP_RS7-IPS-III-o-p-19)

Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the type of appropriate data presentation to be used on given
statistical information.
2. Present statistical data using the appropriate data presentation.
3. Create a tabular and graphical presentation to represent own data
set.

Key Concepts:

PRESENTATION OF DATA
 Presentation of data refers to an exhibition or putting up data in
an attractive manner such that it can be easily interpreted. Data
are organized into tables, graphs, or charts, so that logical and
statistical conclusions can be derived from the collected
measurements.

Data may be presented in 3 methods:

 Textual
 Tabular
 Graphical

Data Tables or Tabular Presentation

 A table facilitates representation of even large amount of data in an
attractive, easy to read and organized manner. The data is organized in
rows and columns. This is one of the most widely used forms of
presentation of data since data tables are easy to construct and read.

Parts of a Data Table

 Table header – consists of a table number and tile.
 Stub head/stub– classifications or categories which are found at the
left side of the body of the table.
 Box head – the top of the column
 Body – main part of the table
 Footnotes – any statement or note inserted
 Source Note – source of the data presented

2
 Figure 1. Parts of the Table

Example:
Table 1: Total Population Distribution by Region Year 2000

REGION POPULATION PERCENT

NCR 9,932,560 12.98

CAR 1,365,412 1.78

REGION I 4,200,478 5.49

REGION II 2,813,159 3.68

REGION III 8,030,945 10.50

REGION IV 11,793,655 15.42

REGION V 4,686,669 6.13

REGION VI 6,211,038 8.12

The following data were gathered and tallied last year 2000.
Source: Philippine Statistics Central Office

Frequency Table
 A frequency table is a table with two columns. One column lists the
categories, and another for the frequencies with which the items in the
categories occur.

How to construct a frequency table?

For example, we have this problem:

The marks awarded for an assignment set for a Year 8 class of 20

students were as follows:

3
 6 7 5 7 7 8 7 6 9 7

4 10 6 8 8 9 5 6 4 8

Present this information in a frequency table.

Solution:

1. Construct a table with three columns. The first column shows what
is being arranged in ascending order (i.e. the marks). The lowest
mark 4. So, start from 4 in the first column as show below in Figure
2.
2. Go through the list of marks. The first mark in the list is 6, so puta tally
mark against 6 in the second column. The second mark in the list is 7, so
put a tally mark against 7 in the second column. Same step goes to the
following marks. If the tally is completed, it would look like the one in
Figure 2.
3. Count the number of each tally marks for each mark and write it in third
column. The finished frequency table is shown at Figure 2 as follows:

Color Tally Frequency

4 II 2

5 II 2

6 IIII 4

7 IIII 5

8 IIII 4

9 II 2

10 I 1

Figure 2. Frequency Table the Marks Awarded for an Assignment Set for a
Year 8 Class of 20 Students

Class Intervals (or Groups)

- When the set of data values are spread out, it is difficult to set up a
frequency table for every data value as there will be too many rows
in data table. So, we group the data into class intervals to help us
organize, interpret and analyse the data.
- Ideally, we should have between five and ten rows in a frequency
table. Bear this in mind when deciding the size of the class interval.

4
 - Each group starts at a data value that is a multiple of that group.
For example, if the size of the group is 5, then the groups should
start at 5, 10, 15, 20, etc. Likewise, if the size of the group is 10,
then the groups should start at 10, 20, 30, 40, etc.
- The frequency of a group (or class interval) is the number of data
values that fall in the range specified by that group (or class interval).

For example, we have this problem:

The number of calls from motorists per day for roadside service was
recorded for the month of December 2003. The results were as follows:

28 122 217 130 120 86 80 90 120 140

70 40 145 187 113 90 68 174 194 170
100 75 104 97 75 123 100 82 109 120 81
Solution:

To construct a frequency table, we proceed as follows:

Smallest data value = 28

Highest data value = 217
Difference = Highest value – Smallest value
= 217 – 28
= 189
Let the width of the class interval be 40.
Number of class intervals = 189 ÷ 40 = 4.7 = 5 (Round up to the next
integer)

There are at least 5 intervals. It depends on the data.

1. Construct a table with three columns, and then write the data groups
or class intervals in the first column. The size of each group is 40. So,
the groups will start at 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 to include all the
data. Note that in fact we need 6 groups (1 more than we first thought).
Refer to Figure 3.
2. Go through the list of data values. First for the data value in the list is
28, place a tally mark against the group 0-39 in the scond column. For
the second data value in the list, 122, place a tally mark against the
group 120-159 in the second column. Continue the process until all of
the data values in the set are tallied.
3. Count the number of tally marks for each group for each group and
write it in the third column. The finished frequency table is as follows:
Figure 3. Frequency table for the Number of Calls for Motorists Per
Day for the Month of December 2003

Graphical Presentation
 Graphical presentation refers to the use of intuitive charts to clearly
visualize and simplify data sets. Data ingested into graphical
representation of data software and then represented by a variety of

5
 symbols, such as lines on a line chart, bars on a bar chart, or slices on
a pie chart, from which users can gain greater insight than by
numerical analysis alone.

Kinds of Graphs/Charts
1. Line graph – used to display the continuous data and it is useful for
revealing trends or progress over time. This is a mathematical graph
that can also be drawn on a graphing paper by plotting the data
connecting one variable on the horizontal X-axis and other variable of
data on the vertical Y-axis.

Example:

Time 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
am am pm pm pm pm pm pm pm

No. of
2 6 10 22 15 5 4 4 3
People

Figure 1. Number of People who visited the Luneta Park from 10

am to 6 PM

Class
25 Interval Tally
Series 1 Frequency
22
20
0-39 I 1
15 15
40-79
10 IIII
10 5
5 6 5
80-119
2
IIII IIII II 4 4 12
3
0
120-159 IIIIPMIII
10:00 AM11:00 AM12:00 1:00 PM 8 PM
2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00

160-199 IIII 4

200-239 I 1

31
SUM =

6
 2. Bar graph – used to display the category of data and it compares the
data using solid bars to represent the quantities. The bars can be made
in any direction i.e. vertical or horizontal. This should be used to avoid
clutter when one data label is long or if you have more than 10 items to
compare.
When do we use bar graph?
 When the data are given in whole numbers.
 When the data are to be compared easily.

Example:
Months January February March April May June July August

No. of buses
600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1800
manufactured

Figure 1. Number of Buses Manufactured Within the

Months of January to August
2000

1500

1000

500

0
January February March April May June July August

Series 1

3. Histograms – the graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of

numerical data that are organized into intervals. Since all the intervals
are equal and continuous, all the bars have the same width.

When do we use Histogram?

 When the data are given in the form of frequencies.
 When class interval must be displayed by a diagram.

7
  When we need to calculate the mode of a distribution graphically.

Example:
Class Figure 1. Height in Centimeters of Grade 10-
Interval Jose Rizal
12
(Height in Frequency
10
cm)

Frequency
8
6
4
2
155-160 3 0

160-165 2

165-170 9 Height in centimeters

170-175 7 4. Pie Chart –used to show how the whole

breaks down into parts. It also known as
175-180 10 the pie chart that shows the relationships
of the parts of the whole. The circle is
180-185 5 considered with 100% and the categories
occupied is represented with that specific
185-190 5 percentage like 15%, 56%, etc.

190-195 1
When do we use pie diagram?
 When the data are given in percentage.
 When different aspect of a variable is to be displayed.
 When the data are to be compared normally.

Example: Figure 1. The result of the Grade Distribution of Grade 10 in

Marks % of the Mathematics for School Year 2020-2021

Division Students

First 20%

Second 56%

Third 20%

Failures 4% First Second Third Failures

5. Pictograph – a special type of bar graph. Instead of using an axis with

numbers, it uses pictures to represent a particular number of items.
When do we use a Pictograph?

8
  When you want to make simple data more visually interesting, more
memorable, or more engaging.
 When you want to show ratings or scores.

Example:

Source: https://venngage.com/blog/pictogram Source: https://venngage.com/blog/pictogram