Transport Canada 1st Class Marine Engineering Exam Assistance Series

ELECTROTECH
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Compiled by Natham Lambert

Presented by Martin’s Marine Engineering Page
www.dieselduck.net

These questions have been extracted from the examination papers in Volumes I and II of
the Electrotechnology –Exams and Solutions.
It will assist you while studying Electrotechnology by “subject area”, instead of having to
laboriously find all the questions in Volumes I and II related to one subject area.
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1. To find the resistance of a coil, an ammeter and a voltmeter are used. The
ammeter which has a resistance of 0.005 ohm, is connected in series with the
coil, and the voltmeter which has a resistance of 5000 ohms is connected
across the ends of the coil.

When the voltmeter registers 210 volts the ammeter registers 3 amperes. The
resistance of the coil was them calculate from the voltmeter reading divided
by the ammeter reading. Calculate the % error in this value.

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2. Given a meter movement that has full scale deflection current of 0.015A and
5ohms resistance. Calculate the shunt resistor required to sue this meter in a
20 amperes circuit and also the multiplier resistor that would be necessary to
use it in a 50V circuit.

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3. Two lamps with the following characteristics are to be connected in series
across a 230V supply. Indicate by sketch and calculation how they can be
connected so that they operate within their characteristics. One lamp is 110V
at 40W whilst the other is 100V at 150V. Resisters may be used to complete
the circuit.

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4. Calculate the current through the 2ohm resistor.

5
100V 995 

2
100V
9

1

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5. A battery of six cells in series, each cell has an e.m.f of 1.5 volts and internal
resistance of 0.5 ohm, is connected to resistances of 6, 12 ohms separately
at first and then with the two resistance in parallel across the battery
terminals. Calculate the current through each resistance in each of the
cases.

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6. Six electric cells are connected together in series. The e.m.f of each cell is
1.2V and its internal resistance is 0.4 ohm. Three wires A, B, can C whose
resistances are 5, 40, and 200 Ohms respectively, and can be connected
between the battery terminals. Determine the current which flows when each
wire is inserted separately and also determine the current which flow when
they are inserted together as a parallel group.

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7. A wire is 60metres long and weighs 200 grams. A second wire is 70ft long
and weights 6 ozs. The specific resistance of the second wire is 10% less
than that of the first and the material of the first wire is 2% less in weight per
cubic inch than the material of the second wire. Find the ratio of resistance of
second wire to that of the first.

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8. An electric heater consists of 8 elements connected in parallel to a 220 volt
supply and heats up 10 tonnes of oil 35oC in a 24 hour period. If the specific
heat of the oil is 2.17Kj/kg/ oC and the efficiency of the heater is 70%.
▪ Find the current taken.
▪ Find the resistances of one of the elements if they are all of the same
value.

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9. An electric heater in a 220V circuit raises the temperature of 3 tonnes of oil by
50oC every 12 hours. The efficiency of the heater is 80% and the specific heat
o
of oil is 2 KJ / kg , C . Find the following:
▪ Power consumption in kW hours,
▪ The current taken and
▪ The resistance of the heater element.

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10. A lead wire and a copper wire are connected together in parallel. The currents
flowing in the wires are in the ratio of 38:40 respectively and the lead wire is
60% longer than the copper wire. The ratio of the specific resistance of the
wires is: Lead to copper – 208:16 Find the ratio of the cross-sectional area of
lead wire to that of copper.

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11. Attempt the following:
i) Show how the electric potential difference (volt) is related to energy (or
work) and quantity of charge.

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12. State the definition of the ampere in terms of it’s coherence as a basic or
fundamental unit in the International System of Units (SI).
Using a sketch indicate what is meant by “fringing” and by “leakage” in a
magnetic circuit.
What is the magnetic flux density at a distance of 5cm from a very long
straight wire carrying a current of 150A? Include units in your numerical
solution and show that your answer has the correct units.

Note:  0  4 10
7

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13. A magnetic circuit is built up of rectangular metal plates 60mm wide, having a
combined depth of 80mm and with the insulating material between the
laminations accounting for 10% of the depth. The circuit has a mean length of
1.8 with the air gap of length 3mm and a cross sectional area of 500mm 2.
Assume a leakage factor of 1.1; the relative permeability of iron as 2500 and

permeability of space as 4  10 7 . Calculate the magnetomotive force

required to produce a flux of 0.006Wb across the air gap.

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14. A coil of 200 turns is rotated at 1200 rpm between poles of an electromagnet.
Flux density is 0.02 tesla. Axis of rotation is at right angles to the field.
Effective of the coil is 0.3 metre, mean width 0.2 metre. Assuming e.m.f.
produced is sinusoidal, find the following:
i) Maximum value of e.m.f.
ii) Frequency

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15. A moving coil permanent magnetic instrument has a resistance of 10 ohms
and a flux density in the gap is 0.1 tesla. The coil has 100turns of wire and is
of mean 300m and axial length is 25mmm. If a p.d. of 50 mV is required for
full scale deflection, calculate the controlling torque exerted by the spring.

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16. The following results of measurements are taken at intervals over a half cycle
of AC voltage.
Time 0 0.45 0.95 1.5 2.1 2.5 3.1 3.9 4.5 5.0
(milliseconds)
Volts 0 20 36 40 37.5 33 32 31 20 0

Calculate the R.M.S. value of voltage and the frequency of the waveform.

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17. Express each of the following voltages in phasor notation and locate them on
a phasor diagram:

V 1  212.0 sin wt  45 deg 

V 2  141.4 sin wt  90 deg 
V 3  127.3 cos wt  30 deg 
V 4  85.0 cos wt  45 deg 
V 5  141.4 sin wt  180 deg 

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18. Three currents of peak values 10A, 17.32A and 20A respectively meet in a
common conductor. The 17.32A current lags the 10A current by 90 electrical
degrees, and leads the 20A current by 60 electrical degrees.
Find the value of the resultant current giving its phase relation to the 10A
current

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19. Discuss the relationship between RMS, Average and Form Factor.
A transformer has a primary voltage of 240V and a secondary voltage of
17200V; the primary resistance is 0.00033 ohm and the secondary resistance
is 13 ohms. Out is 10KVA.

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20. In the following circuit find the following:
i) impedance
ii) Iline
iii) Power Factor

20 0.012 H 20 F
200V 50 HZ

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21. A circuit has a resistance of 3 ohms and an inductance of 0.01 Henry. The
voltage across this circuit is 60V and the frequency is 50HZ. It is a series
circuit. Calculate the following:
i) Impedance
ii) Line Circuit
iii) Power Factor
iv) Power Absorbed

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22. A 100W lamp for a 100V supply is placed across a 220V supply. What values
of resistance must be placed in series with it so that it will work under its
proper conditions? If a coil is used instead of the resistor and if the resistance
of the coil is small compared to the reactance, what is the inductance of the
coil? The frequency is 50HZ. What is the total power absorbed in each case?

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23. A coil has a resistance of 15 ohms and in inductance of 0.05 H. calculate the
impedance and power absorbed by the coil in watts when it is connected to a
100V 50 HZ A.C. supply.

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24. Given a 100V supply with a 70A current at 60degrees lagging. Calculate the
following:
i) resistance
ii) impedance
iii) XL inductive reactance

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25. Given 220 volts, 60 HZ and a series circuit with 50 ohms resistance, 0.01

Henry inductance and 8F capacitance. Find the line current and power
absorbed.

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26. A circuit has a resistance of 3ohms and an inductance of 0.01 H. The voltage
across this circuit is 60V and the frequency is 50 HZ. Calculate the following:
i) Impedance
ii) Line Current
iii) P.F.
iv) Power Absorbed

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27. Two coils are connected in series, when 2 amperes direct current are passed
through, voltage drops are 20 and 30 volts respectively. When 2 amperes
alternating current at 40 hertz is passed through, the voltage drops are 140
and 100 volts respectively. Find the current when the circuit is connected to

230v 50Hz.

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28. A coil when connected with a 120V direct current supply consumes 600 watts.
When the same coil is connected with a 260V alternating current supply the
consumption is 2400 watts. Find the inductive reactance of the coil.

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29. A coil has a resistance of 400 ohms and an impedance of 498 ohms

connected to a supply of 200v 60hz. The coil is then connected in series with

a capacitor of 40F and across a supply of 240V at 50 HZ .

i) Find the current that flows
ii) Find the voltage drop across the coil capacitor

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30. Given the following circuit find the following:

a. I A

b. I B and

c. I Line

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31. For parallel circuit illustrated, calculate the following:
a. Equivalent impedance
b. Line circuit
c. Power factor
d. Power supplied to the circuit

R1 4  3 X L

R2 6 8 XC

100 V 60 HZ

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32. How can the Power Factor be improved in an A.C. system? How would
methods to improve the P.F. affect the power consumed?

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33. A 560kW Alternating Current generator has a power factor of 0.7. The Power
Factor is raised to 0.8 with the same KVA, find the percentage increase in kW
output.

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34. Answer the following with relation to Alternating Current and Voltage:
I. What is “resonant frequency”? Use graphs and describe the following in
a parallel and series circuit.

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35. For what purpose are transformers fitted in the electrical system of a ship?

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36. Sketch and describe the construction of a current transformer.
What other salient features are incorporated to make the machine efficient?
Why must the secondary circuit of a current transformer never be opened
when the primary is energized?

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37. Given the following data on a transformer, calculate the following:
i) The primary voltage
ii) The turns ratio, also
iii) The primary current, and
iv) The secondary current.
Given data:

Secondary voltage 13200 V Primary turns 900

Primary flux 1  10 3 KVA Output 440 KVA

Frequency 60 HZ
Derive the formula used in this problem.

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38. Describe the construction of a transformer and what are it’s functions?
A transformer has a primary winding o f800 turns and a secondary of 160

turns. It is rated at 10 KVA AT 480volts . Find the following:

I. Ratio of transformation
II. Approximate primary voltage
III. Rated full load secondary current
IV. Rated full load primary current, neglecting the “no load” current.

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39. There is a method of connecting a transformer to obtain a two-phase three
wire secondary output, from a three wire phase input.
Sketch a diagram to show this would be accomplished using the SCOTT TAP
method. Show the position of the tap in the sketch.

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40. Three phase transformers may be connected in banks in the following
manner:
I. delta delta
II. delta way
III. wye wye
IV. wye delta
Discuss the particular application each would be used for and state the
advantages or disadvantages ensuring from such application.

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41. Give the advantages of using ultra high voltages in the transmission of
electric power between the sources of generation and the load point. A

transformer with a rating of 2400  240 volts has 2000 turns on the primary
winding. Assuming a 3 voltage drop in the transformer when fully loaded, how
many turns should be placed on the secondary to maintain its rated voltage at
full load.

With this number of turns on the secondary and the primary voltage held
constant, what is the secondary no-load voltage?

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42. For the “no-load” test on a transformer, the ammeter was found to read 0.18A
and the wattmeter 12W. The reading on the primary voltmeter was 400V, and
the secondary voltmeter was 240V. Calculate the following:
i. The magnetizing component of the “no-load” current
ii. The iron loss component
iii. The transformation ratio.

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43. Illustrate a three phase supply utilizing 220V for power purposes and 110V for
lighting. If the loads are unbalanced, sketch a system that will accommodate
the unbalance.

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44. A delta primary and star secondary transformer of 200KVA capacity has a
primary voltage of 6600 secondary voltage of 440V, 3 phase. If the

transformer is loaded with a 110kW motor that takes 440V 60 Hz with P.F. of
0.8 and efficiency of 83%, find the phase current in the primary.

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45. A 6-pole three phase 550V , 60 HZ , induction motor has 5% slip and draws a
current of 30A when delivering a shaft torque of 150Nm. Assume windage
and friction losses amount to a torque of 10Nm and the iron copper loss at
900W. calculate the following:
i. Motor speed
ii. Brake power
iii. Input power
iv. Power factor
v. Efficiency

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46. A 500V three phase alternator supplies a balanced delta connected load in
parallel with a balanced star connected load. The delta load is 30kW at a
power factor of 0.92 (leading). The star load is 40kW at a power factor of 0.85
(lagging). Calculate the line current and the power factor of the supply.

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47. A 3-phase 440 V 60 HZ , six-pole induction motor develops 18kW on full load
with a speed of 1164RPM and operating power factor of 0.88 (lagging).
Calculate the full load:
i. Slip
ii. Input in kW
iii. Line current
The stator losses are 1.7kW and mechanical losses total 1.5kW

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48. A 3 phase, 6.6kV 60HZ alternator has an equivalent armature reactance of
5ohms per phase and negligible resistance. It is connected to bus bars which
are energized by a second identical alternator. The breaker is closed when
both armatures are rotating at 1800 RPM but 2 electrical degrees out of
phase:
i. synchronizing current
ii. Synchronizing torque

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49. An electrical system load consists of a 300kW induction motor power factor
85% and 100kW lighting with power factor 100%. It is proposed to increase
the system power factor of 95% by employing a 100kW synchronous motor.
Find the following:
i. the KVA of the synchronous motor
ii. The power factor of the synchronous motor.

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50. A shunt generator delivers 50kW at 250V at 400 RPM. The armature and field
resistances are 0.02 ohm and 50 ohm respectively. Calculate the speed of
the machine when running as a shunt motor taking 50kW at 250V. allow 2

volts for brush contact drop. Assume flux   to be proportional to field current.

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51. A fresh pump is found to take armature current of 25A at 220V, when running
on full load. The speed is measured to be 725 RPM and the armature
resistance is 0.2 ohm. If the field strength is reduced by 10% by means of the
speed regulator and the torque remains unchanged, determine the steady
speed ultimately attained and the armature current.

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52. Find the generated electro magnetic field per conductor of a 6-pole D.C.
generator having a magnetic flux per pole of 64 mWb and a speed of 1000
rpm. If there are 468 conductors, connected in six parallel circuits, calculate
the total generated EMF of the machine. Find also the total power developed
by the armature when the current in each conductor is 50A.

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53. A D.C. shunt motor is wave wound and has four poles. The flux per pole is

2.5  10 2 weber . Armature current is 20A. Supply voltage is 230V. Conductors

294. Armature resistance 0.35 ohm. Calculate the RPM and torque.

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54. The curve of induced e.m.f. against excitation current for a separately excited
generator when run on no load at 1200 RPM is given by:
E.M.F 15 88 146 196 126 244 254
Excitation Current 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4

Deduce the voltage to which the machine would self-excite if the shunt
field resistance was set at 90 ohms and the machine was run at 900 RPM.

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55. A four pole shunt motor has a wave wound armature having 294 conductors.
The flux per pole is 0.025 Wb. And the resistance of armature is 0.35 ohm.
Calculate the following:
I. current taken by motor
II. torque develop when armature is taking a current of 200A
from 200V supply

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56. A pump delivers 12700 litres per hour of water into a boiler working at 15
bars. The pump is 82% efficient and is driven by a 220V motor, having an
efficiency of 89%.
Calculate the current taken by motor.
1 Litre of water  1 kg
Given the following: 1 Bar  10 5 N / m 2

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57. A shunt motor operates at 1200 rpm and the supply voltage is 220V. the
current is 60A, the shunt field resistance is 110 ohms and the armature
resistance 0.15 ohm. What percentage variation in speed will there be if
torque is reduced to 50%?

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58. A compound wound long shunt DC generator has output of 250A at 220V. the
equivalent resistance of armature, series and shunt fields are 0.025, 0.015
and 176 ohms respectively. There is a 2 volt drop across the brushes. Find
the induced voltage.

59. A 460V D.C. motor takes an armature current of 10A at no lead. At full load
the Ia is 300A. If the resistance of the armature (Ra) is 0.025 ohm, what is the
value of the back e.m.f at “no load” and “full load”.

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60. Determine the resistance of each step of a starter for the following motor:
10h.p. 240V, armature resistance 0.5 ohm and full load current limited to 45
amperes. Starting current to be 150% of full load current.

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61. Illustrate the construction of an induction motor. Describe how it operates and
explain the difference between it and a synchronous motor.

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62. Discuss the functions of the following elements of an automatic voltage
regulator for an alternator.
a. Error detecting element
b. Correcting element
c. Stabilizing element

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63. Discuss a synchronous motor. State the two main functions of the damper
winding.

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64. Describe frequency as pertinent to AC. A four pole AC generator runs at 1500
RPM; what is it’s frequency? If this generator supplies current to a 40 pole
motor, find the speed of the motor:
a. If it is synchronous
b. If induction with slip of 2%

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65. A six pole three phase 50 HZ induction motor is running at full load with a slip
of 4%. The rotor is star connected and its resistance and standstill reactance
are 0.25 ohm and 1.5 ohms respectively. The E.M.F. between the slip rings at
standstill is 100V.
Find the full load conditions:
I. The e.m.f. induced in each motor phase
II. The motor impedance per phase
III. The rotor current and PF assuming the slip rings are short circuited.

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66. Find the line current for a 440V 3-phase motor which is 88% efficient and is
rated at 110kW. Current lags the voltage by 30 degrees.

67. A four pole alternator on open circuit generates 200V at 50 HZ when its field
current is 4A Determine the generated e.m.f. at a speed 1200 RPM and a
field of 3A neglecting saturation of the iron parts.

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68. The terminal voltage of a shunt wound generator is 150volts and the current
output is 70 amperes. If the resistance of the field windings is 30 ohms and
that of the armature conductors is 0.06 ohm, calculate the electrical efficiency
of the generator.

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69. Sketch and describe a three phase alternator. Explain how to connect up two
alternators in parallel, in particular state the procedure for synchronizing.

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70. An 8 pole alternator running at 720 RPM supplies current to a synchronous
motor with 48 poles. Calculate the frequency and speed of rotation of the
motor.

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71. Discuss the difference between a synchronous motor and induction motor.
How is a synchronous motor started?

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72. What causes overheating in a squirrel cage motor? Discuss the preventive
maintenance required on this type motor.

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73. Define the following:
I. Current limit
II. Time limit acceleration

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74. Describe a Magnetic Motor Starter for an AC three phase, two speed motor.
(full voltage). Illustrate the answer with a simple circuit diagram. Show the
protection devices, control station, contactors and coils.

75. A DC starter is used for a shunt wound motor utilizing 230V. If the armature
resistance is 0.6 ohm and the maximum current permissible is 50 amperes
and minimum of 40 amperes: find the first resistance

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76. Describe an “air circuit breaker”. Sketch and describe an “arc chute”. Define
“reverse power relay”.

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77. Define each of the following terms as related to an AC motor starter
enclosure.
a. Disconnect
b. Short circuit protection
c. Overload protection
d. Start/stop control
Draw a simple diagram of a 3 phase AC motor starting circuit which embodies.

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78. Sketch a DC. Shunt motor Automatic Starter showing all protection devices,
etc. it should incorporate a time limit acceleration application. Explain it’s
operation.

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79. Describe the functions of a DC motor manual drum controller. Illustrate your
answer with a simple circuit diagram.

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80. Describe a circuit breaker as fitted on the electrical switchboard in the engine
room of a ship; and explain how it functions. Illustrate your answer with a
sketch.

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81. Draw a simple circuit diagram for a 3 phase AC motor incorporating the
following:
I. Motor delta wound
II. Overload protection
III. Short circuit protection
IV. Disconnect
V. Reversing
VI. Magnetic contactors
VII. Push button stn.
VIII. Indicator lamps
State the sequence of operation when forward and reverse buttons are
pushed. What protection is provided against the possibility of pushing the
forward and reverse buttons at the same time?

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82. Sketch and describe a 3 terminal rheostat type starter for a DC.

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83. In the sketch shown, determine the resistance of each step of the starter for
the following motor: 10hp at 240V with an armature resistance of 0.5 ohm and
full load current of 45 amperes. Starter current to be 15% of the full load
current.

1
2
3
Vt  240V 4
5

Rw  0.5

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84. Describe a diagrammatically sketch a main switchboard for a vessel having
three D.C. current generators. Indicate on your sketch all the necessary
fittings, meters etc. and explain the purpose of each.

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85. Assuming one generator is on load, describe the procedure necessary to
bring the other two machines on to the busbar so that the three generators
may run in parallel.

86. Enumerate the advantage and disadvantages of a D.C. Electrical Installation

(for lighting and auxiliary purposes) as compared with a similar A.C. system.

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87. Discuss the starting sequence of an emergency generator which starts,
automatically, in the event of a main power failure.

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88. Detail a method of converting the measurement of the level of a liquid in a
tank and the revolutions per minute of a shaft into an electrical signal for input
into a data logger.

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89. Using a sketch to illustrate an amplify your answer, describe anyone of the
types of frequency meters listed below:
i. Vibrating reed type
ii. Moving disc type for frequency meter
iii. Electrodynamics type

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90. Describe the “megger”. How is it used in testing circuits and equipment?

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91. Describe an electric propulsion system employing a turbine driven alternator
and direct current propulsion motor. Use a sketch to help illustrate your
answer. Why is the propulsion system made more complicated by employing
A.C. and D.C. rather than the use of only one or other of these power modes.
What type of rectification arrangements would likely be used in such a
system? There is a physical limit to a maximum power available as output for
which a direct current motor can be built. How does the designer overcome
this restriction if much greater power per shaft is desired?

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92. Describe a typical impressed cathodic protection system used in a ship. What
are the values of current and voltage used? What problem may be
encountered if a current appreciably higher than recommended by the
equipment supplier is applied?

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93. Describe the construction of a semi-conductor rectifier indicating the materials
used. Sketch the output wave of the bridge rectifier illustrated. If a capacitor
was connected across the output terminals, what effect will it have on the
waveform?

AC Input

DC Output

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94. Discuss the precautions required when electrical equipment is to be used in
flammable atmospheres.
What is meant by the following terms?
i. Intrinsically safe circuits
ii. Flame-proof apparatus

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95. Describe an emergency lighting system which uses batteries. What care and
maintenance does this system require?
How are the batteries changes when the available power is A.C.?
Make a line diagram of such a circuit.

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96. The circuit illustrated is that of a typical common-emitter amplifier. If the
current through the emitter resistor is 0.5mA, determine the battery voltage.
Assume a base emitter voltage drop of 0.1 volt.

4.7 k
4.7 k

4.7 k
1.2k

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97. Describe any emergency power installation fitted aboard ship. State the
circuits this generator feeds and list the various connections on the
switchboard of this installation.

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