MODULE-1 INTRODUTION TO 3D AUTOCAD

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME

1.1. Acquire information and familiarity specifically on the basic
terminologies and applications used in AutoCAD 3D and apply it when
making 3D AutoCAD projects.

MODULE - 1
1.2. Apply AutoCAD commands used for working in Three-Dimensional
Space (3D Drawing).
1.2.1. Make 3D drawings using the predefined 3D Object commands.
1.2.2. Make 3D drawings using EXTRUDE, CHAMFER, and FILLET
INTRODUCTION TO 3D AUTOCAD

1.2.3. Use UNION, SUBTRACT AND INTERSECT commands

1.2.4. Utilize REVOLVE, LOFT, and SWEEP commands for various 3D
shapes.
1.3. Create a 3D design presentation using AutoCAD software in perspective mode
for the particular exterior and interior of residential or commercial building.
1.4. Use the proper materials, color scheme, and setting of lights for the rendering.
process.
1.3. Observe safety reminder on plug-in the laptop or personal computer.

In this section, you’ll find a comprehensive technical AutoCAD review

which includes knowledge about the AutoCAD 3D that you will need when creating
3D drawings with AutoCAD program.

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ABOUT ISOMETRIC DRAWING

Simulate a 3D object from a particular viewpoint by aligning along three major axes

Isometric drawings simulate a 3D object from a particular viewpoint by aligning along three major
axes.

By setting the Isometric Snap/Grid, you can easily align objects along one of three isometric planes;
however, although the isometric drawing appears to be 3D, it is actually a 2D representation.
Therefore, you cannot expect to extract 3D distances and areas, display objects from different
viewpoints, or remove hidden lines automatically.

If the snap angle is 0, the axes of the isometric planes are 30 degrees, 90 degrees, and 150 degrees.
Once you set the snap style to Isometric, you can work on any of three planes, each with an
associated pair of axes:

 Top Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes.
 Right Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes.
 Left Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes.

Choosing one of the three isometric planes causes Ortho and the crosshairs to be aligned along
the corresponding isometric axes. For example, when Ortho is on, the points you specify align along
the simulated plane you are drawing on. Therefore, you can draw the top plane, switch to the left plane
to draw another side, and switch to the right plane to complete the drawing.

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When drawing on isometric planes, use an ellipse to represent a circle viewed from an oblique
angle. The easiest way to draw an ellipse with the correct shape is to use the Isocircle option of
ELLIPSE. The Isocircle option is available only when the Style option of Snap mode is set to
Isometric. See DSETTINGS.
Note: To represent concentric circles, draw another ellipse with the same center rather than
offsetting the original ellipse. Offsetting produces an oval-shaped spline that does not represent
foreshortened distances as you would expect.
To Work with Isometric Planes
Enable and switch between 2D planes.
Enable Isometric Snaps

1. Click Tools menu Drafting Settings.

2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type, select Isometric
Snap.
3. Click OK.
Switch Between Isometric Planes
 At the Command prompt, enter ISOPLANE and choose Left, Top, or Right.
Commands for 2D Isometric Drawing
DSETTINGS (Command)
Sets grid and snap, polar and object snap tracking, object snap modes, and Dynamic Input.
Access Methods

Menu: Tools Drafting Settings

Shortcut menu: Right-click Snap Mode, Grid Display, Polar Tracking, Object Snap, Object Snap
Tracking, or Dynamic Input on the status bar. Choose Settings.

GRID (Command)

Displays a grid pattern in the current viewport.

Access Methods
Menu: Tools > Drafting Settings .

Status bar: Grid

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List of Prompts
The following prompts are displayed.

Specify grid spacing(X) or [ON/OFF/Snap/Major/aDaptive/Limits/Follow/Aspect] <current>:

Specify a value or enter an option<current>: Specify a value or enter an option

Grid Spacing (X)

Sets the grid to the specified value. Entering x after the value sets the grid spacing to the
specified value multiplied by the snap interval.

On
Turns on the grid using the current spacing.

Off
Turns off the grid.

Snap
Sets the grid spacing to the snap interval specified by the SNAP command.

Major
Specifies the frequency of major grid lines compared to minor grid lines. Grid lines rather
than grid dots are displayed in any visual style except 2D Wireframe. (GRIDMAJOR system
variable)

Adaptive
Controls the density of grid lines when zoomed in or out.

 Adaptive Behavior. Limits the density of grid lines or dots when zoomed out. This
setting is also controlled by the GRIDDISPLAY system variable.
 Allow Subdivision Below Grid Spacing. If turned on, generates additional, more
closely spaced grid lines or dots when zoomed in. The frequency of these grid lines
is determined by the frequency of the major grid lines.
Limits
Displays the grid beyond the area specified by the LIMITS command.

Follow
Changes the grid plane to follow the XY plane of the dynamic UCS. This setting is also
controlled by the GRIDDISPLAY system variable.

Aspect
Changes the grid spacing in the X and Y directions, which can have different values.

Entering x following either value defines it as a multiple of the snap interval rather than the
drawing units.

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The Aspect option is not available when the current snap style is Isometric.

ORTHO (Command)

Constrains cursor movement to the horizontal or vertical direction.

Access Methods
Menu: Tools > Drafting Settings.

Toolbar: Status bar Ortho

Command entry: F8
Command entry: 'ortho for transparent use

Summary
In the illustration, a line is drawn using Ortho mode. Point 1 is the first point specified, and point 2 is
the position of the cursor when the second point is specified.

Ortho mode is used when you specify an angle or distance by means of two points using a pointing
device. In Ortho mode, cursor movement is constrained to the horizontal or vertical direction relative
to the UCS.

Horizontal is defined as being parallel to the X axis of the UCS and vertical as being parallel to
the Y axis.

In a 3D view, ORTHO is additionally defined as being parallel to the Z axis of the UCS, and the
tooltip displays +Z or -Z for the angle depending on the direction along the Z axis.

SNAP (Command)
Restricts cursor movement to specified intervals.
The following prompts are displayed.
Snap Spacing
Activates Snap mode with the value you specify.
On
Activates Snap mode using the current settings of the snap grid.

Off
Turns off Snap mode but retains the current settings.

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Aspect
Specifies different spacing in the X and Y directions.

Legacy
Specifying Yes results in legacy behavior. The cursor snaps to the snap grid at all times.

Specifying No results in modern behavior. The cursor snaps to the snap grid only when an
operation is in progress.

Style
Specifies the format of the snap grid, which is Standard or Isometric.

Standard
Sets a rectangular snap grid that is parallel to the XY plane of the current
UCS. X and Y spacing may differ.

Spacing
Specifies the overall spacing of the snap grid.

Aspect
Specifies the horizontal and vertical spacing of the snap grid separately.

Isometric
Sets an isometric snap grid, in which the snap locations are initially at 30-degree and 150-
degree angles. Isometric snap cannot have different Aspect values. The lined grid does not follow
the isometric snap grid.

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ISOPLANE determines whether the crosshairs lie in the top isometric plane (30- and 150-
degree angles), the left isoplane (90- and 150-degree angles), or the right isoplane (30- and 90-
degree angles).

Type
Specifies the snap type, polar or rectangular. This setting is also controlled by the
SNAPTYPE system variable.

Polar
Sets the polar angle increment. (POLARANG system variable)

Grid
Sets the snap to Grid. When you specify points, the cursor snaps along vertical or horizontal
grid points.

Directions: Use any of the drawing and modifying commands to recreate the illustrations below.
Save your work as Student’s name_TD10_PLATENO._Teacher’s initial

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RUBRICS

AUTOCAD 3-DIMENIONAL SPACE (3D DRAWING)

Accessing the 3D Tools Tab
To start, your AutoCAD should show the 3D Tools Tab. This is done by right-clicking the tab as
shown below.

This will display the commands that can be used for 3D drawings.

Navigating in 3D
Using the View Cube
The View Cube is a navigation tool that is used to view a predefined setting such as top, front, left
right faces isometric views.
The View Cube also has arrows to rotate the orientation of the drawing as well as a compass for the
various directions,

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Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide http://help.autodesk.com/view/ACD/2020/ENU/?guid=GUID-

E6D3896C-AF39-4F5C-A57CCACE2A1117F9

Start by making a simple rectangle and using the ViewCube to change its orientation.

View 3D Models
About 3D Navigation Tools
3D navigation tools allow you to view objects in a drawing from different angles, heights, and
distances.
Use the following 3D tools to orbit, swivel, adjust distance, zoom, and pan in a 3D view.
The most useful command to view 3D models dynamically is 3DORBIT.
 3D Orbit. Moves around a target. The target of the view stays stationary while the camera
location, or point of view, moves. The target point displays temporarily as a small, dark sphere.

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The method used for locating the target point is determined by the ORBITAUTOTARGET
system variable, with shortcut ORBIT or 3DO. This is done by just dragging the mouse
around. This can also be executed by holding SHIFT and pressing the mouse wheel.

Other 3D Navigation Tools

You can still use some 2D commands such as ZOOM, PAN, ROTATE commands in 3D view. This
is the other commands that can be used for navigating in 3D.
 Constrained Orbit. Constrains 3D Orbit along the XY plane or the Z axis.
 Free Orbit. Orbits in any direction without reference to the planes. The point of view is not
constrained along the XY plane of the Z axis.
 Continuous Orbit. Orbits continuously. Click and drag in the direction you want the
continuous orbit to move, and then release the mouse button. The orbit continues to move in
that direction.
 Adjust Distance. Changes the distance of objects as you move the cursor vertically. You can
make objects appear larger or smaller, and you can adjust the distance.
 Swivel. Simulates panning with a camera in the direction that you drag. The target of the view
changes. You can swivel the view along the XY plane or along the Z axis.
 Zoom. Simulates moving the camera closer to an object or farther away. Zooming in
magnifies the image.
 Pan. Starts the interactive 3D view and enables you to drag the view horizontally and
vertically.
Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/gettingstarted/caas/CloudHelp/cloudh
elp/2019/ENU/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-072D3942-A308- 455C-8A75-8E63FB62FA4C-
htm.html

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APPLY 2D AND 3D AUTOCAD COMMANDS

Most AutoCAD commands that are used for 2D operations can be applied to 3D models.
For example, with the ROTATE command, you can revolve a 3D solid about an axis that's parallel
with the Z axis of the UCS. To rotate the model about a different axis direction would require you to
change the direction of the UCS Z axis.
There are also commands specialized for the 3D environment such as 3DROTATE, which
displays a gizmo to facilitate rotation about any major axis.
The easiest command to start with is ROTATE due to familiarity, however the choice of
which command to use depends on the circumstances and your preferences.
3D ROTATE
3D ROTATE or 3D RO rotates the object in any direction in the coordinate system.

Predefined 3D Objects (Premitive Solids)

There are various predefined 3D objects that can be made using the commands above.
 BOX and WEDGE, this is similar to the 2D command RECTANGLE but with an additional
input, height.
1. Click first corner or center
2. Click the second corner
3. Input the height

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 CYLINDER, CONE, and PYRAMID, this is similar to CIRCLE but with height.
1. Click the center point of base
2. Input the base radius
3. Input the height

 SPHERE, again similar to CIRCLE but generates a 3D object.

1. Click the center point
2. Input the radius or diameter

 TORUS, similar to DONUT.

1. Click the center point
2. Input the radius or diameter
3. Input the tube radius or diameter

 POLYSOLID, this is similar to POLYLINE.

1. Input the height and width
2. Click the start point
3. Click the subsequent points
VISUAL STYLES
A visual style determines how the drawing appears in terms of edges, lighting and shading. There are
predefined visual styles available by default as shown below

A visual style determines the display of edges, lighting, and shading in each viewport.

You can choose a predefined visual style in the upper-left corner of each viewport. In addition, the
Visual Styles Manager displays all styles available in the drawing. You can choose a different visual
style or change its settings at any time.

The following images display the Realistic, Conceptual, Sketchy, and 3D Wireframe visual styles.

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The following predefined visual styles are available by default:

 2D Wireframe. Displays objects using lines

and curves. This visual style is optimized for a
2D drawing environment with high fidelity.
 Conceptual. Displays 3D objects using smooth
shading and the Gooch face style. The Gooch
face style transitions between cool and warm
colors, rather than dark and light. The effect is
less realistic, but it can make the details of the
model easier to see.
 Hidden. Displays 3D objects using wireframe
representation and hides lines representing
back faces.
 Realistic. Displays 3D objects using smooth
shading and materials.
 Shaded. Displays 3D objects using smooth
shading.
 Shaded with Edges. Displays 3D objects using
smooth shading and visible edges.
 Shades of Gray. Displays 3D objects using smooth shading and monochromatic shades of
gray.
 Sketchy. Displays 2D and 3D objects with a hand-sketched effect by using the Line Extensions
and Jitter edge modifiers.

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 Wireframe. Displays 3D objects using lines and curves only. Draw order settings and fills
from 2D solid objects are not displayed. The Wireframe visual style does not result in
regenerating the view when you change the view direction as is the case with the 2D
Wireframe visual style. The time saved will be significant in large 3D models.
 X-ray. Displays 3D objects with partial transparency.
Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/
ENU/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-F9113233-6798- 4F5C-9A9F-7BA41CFA2533-htm.html

3D MODELING COMMANDS
A. EXTRUDE Command

Objects can be extruded orthogonally from the plane of the source object, in a specified direction, or
along a selected path. You can also specify a taper angle.

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2D figures can be made into 3D objects using the EXTRUDE command or EXT by extruding
orthogonally in a direction or a path. The extruded object can also be applied a taper angle.
1. Use the EXTRUDE tool (as shown above) or typing EXT.

2. Select objects to extrude. Note: Multiple objects can be selected

3. Input the height of extrusion. Note: Path, taper angle, and direction can also be used.

4. Confirm by pressing ENTER or SPACE.

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B. SWEEP Command
Makes a 3D solid by sweeping a 2D figure along a path. Note: You can select multiple edges and faces
by holding down CTRL.
 Objects to Sweep. Selects the object to sweep.
 Sweep Path. Selects the sweep path of the object.
 Mode. Specifies if the sweep object will be solid or surface.
 Alignment. Chooses the alignment whether normal or tangent to the sweep path.
 Base Point. Selects the base point for the sweep.
 Scale. Scales the sweep. It is the same throughout the sweep.
 Twist. Specify the twist angle of the sweep along its entire sweep path.

1. Click the SWEEP tool or input SWEEP.

2. Click the objects to sweep.

3. Click the sweep path of the object.

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4. Press ENTER or SPACE to complete the sweep

Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-2391CE97-3794- 402C-8BC1-E2DCB452DD13-htm.html
C. LOFT Command
Makes a 3D object based on cross sections which will determine its shape. Any number but one of
cross sections can be chosen.

Cross Sections in Lofting Order. Denotes the order in which the curves are to be lofted.
Point. Selects the first or last point of the loft to be made.
Join Multiple Edges. Joins multiple edges as a single cross section.
Mode. Specifies whether the loft will be a solid or surface.
Continuity. Only if the LOFTNORMALS is set to 1 (smooth fit). Denotes whether G0, G1, or G2
will be applied to the continuity of surface.
Bulge Magnitude. Only if the LOFTNORMALS system variable is set to 1 (smooth fit). Denotes the
bulge magnitude of G1 or G2 continuity.
Guides. Selects the curves that will guide the shape of the loft. This can be used to achieve the desired
results without wrinkles or unnecessary curves.
Path. Selects the path of the loft. The path must pass through the cross sections of the loft.
Cross Sections Only. Makes lofts with cross sections only, disregarding paths or guides.
Settings. Shows the settings of the loft

Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-0A041818-2E32- 4212-A3D8-CE0361C3D229-htm.html

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D. REVOLVE Command
Makes a 3D solid by revolving an object around an axis. Objects that can be revolved: \
 Closed or open objects
 Non-planar or planar objects
 Surface and solid edges
 A single object or multiple objects joined by JOIN
 A single region or multiple regions joined by UNION

1. Select the REVOLVE tool or input REVOLVE.

2. Click the objects to revolve. Refer to the list above.

3. Click the axis start point.

4. Click the axis end point. This will serve as the axis of rotation.

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5. Input the angle of revolution. If 360° is inputted, the object will be solid.

 Objects to Revolve. Indicates the objects to be rotated about an axis.

 Mode. Specify whether a soldi or a surface is formed.
 Axis Start Point. Indicates the first point in the axis where the object will be revolved.
 Axis Endpoint. Indicates the end point in the axis where the object will be revolved.
 Start Angle. Indicates an offset from the plane of the object being revolved.
 Angle of Revolution. Denotes the angle of revolution, how long will the revolution will be.
 Object. Selects the object or line that will be used as the axis of revolution.
 X (Axis). Sets the active UCS’ positive X axis as the positive axis.
 Y (Axis). Sets the active UCS’ positive Y axis as the positive axis.
 Z(Axis). Sets the active UCS’ positive Z axis as the positive axis.
 Reverse. Reverses the direction of the revolution.
 Expression. Use a formula or equation to input the revolution angle.
Reference: AutoCAD User’s Guide
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-0A041818-2E32- 4212-A3D8-CE0361C3D229-htm.html
SOLID EDITING
A. FILLET EDGE Command

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1. Click the FILLET EDGE Tool or typing FILLETEDGE.

2. Select the edges where the fillet is to be applied. Note: This will preview the fillet.
3. Type Radius or R and input the fillet radius.
4. Press ENTER or SPACE to accept the desired fillet.

B. CHAMFER EDGE Command

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1. Click the CHAMFER EDGE Tool or typing CHAMFEREDGE.

2. Select the edges where the chamfer is to be applied. Note: This will preview the chamfer.
3. Type Distance or D and input the first distance. Press ENTER or SPACE.
4. Specify the second distance. Press ENTER or SPACE.
5. Press ENTER or SPACE to accept the chamfer.

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UNION, SUBTRACT and MERGE Commands

These are the commands that can be used to join, subtract objects to form complex shapes or a single
object.

C. UNION command, select the objects to be joined and confirm.

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D. SUBTRACT command, select the base object, then select the object to be subtracted.

E. INTERSECT command, select the objects where the intersect is located and confirm.

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About Modeling 3D Objects

3D modeling in AutoCAD includes 3D solids, surfaces, meshes, and wireframe objects.
Types of 3D Models
Several types of 3D modeling are available in AutoCAD. Each of these 3D modeling
technologies offer a different set of capabilities.

 Wireframe modeling is useful for initial design iterations and as reference geometry, serving
as a 3D framework for subsequent modeling or modification.
 Solid modeling is efficient to use, easy to combine primitives and extruded profiles, and offers
mass properties and sectioning capabilities.
 Surface modeling offers fine control over curved surfaces for precise manipulation and
analysis.
 Mesh modeling provides freeform sculpting, creasing, and smoothing capabilities.
A 3D model can include combinations of these technologies, and you can convert between
them. For example, you can convert a primitive 3D solid pyramid to a 3D mesh to perform mesh
smoothing. You can then convert the mesh to a 3D surface or back to a 3D solid to take advantage of
their respective modeling features.

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A. Directions: Draw the following figures (ex. 1, 4 & 5) with using 2D for the working
drawing views with proper dimensions and weight of lines and 3D commands for the 3D
presentation. Apply appropriate materials and rendering (refer to module-5). Use A4
template and appropriate scale factor.

Scale: 2:1

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Rubrics

A. Directions: Draw the following figures Ex. 6, 7 and 8 with using 2D for the working
drawing views with proper dimensions and weight of lines and 3D commands for the 3D
presentation. Apply appropriate materials and rendering (refer to module-5). Use A4
template and appropriate scale factor.

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References:

Mangubat, Reynaldo P., (2017) CBLM AutoCAD Instructional Module, Technical Drafting
NCII

Leach, James A. (2000) AutoCAD 2000 Instructor 1st Edition, Autodesk registered Author
Publisher & McGraw Hill Book Co. New York
CAD Exercises
Engineering Department, (2020) AutoCAD Module, BATSTATEU ALANGILAN
Alangilan,Batangas City
AutoCAD User’s Guide
http://help.autodesk.com/view/ACD/2020/ENU/?guid=GUID-E6D3896C-AF39-4F5C-
A57CCACE2A1117F9
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/gettingstarted/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/20
19/ENU/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-072D3942-A308- 455C-8A75-8E63FB62FA4C-htm.html

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-F9113233-6798- 4F5C-9A9F-7BA41CFA2533-htm.html
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-2391CE97-3794- 402C-8BC1-E2DCB452DD13-htm.html
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-0A041818-2E32- 4212-A3D8-CE0361C3D229-htm.html
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learnexplore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2020/ENU
/AutoCAD-Core/files/GUID-0A041818-2E32- 4212-A3D8-CE0361C3D229-htm.html

Module Creator/Curator: Mr. Reynaldo P. Mangubat, MAEd

Template & Layout Designer: Mr. Reynaldo P. Mangubat, MAEd

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