INTEGRATION

* Evaluate the following integrals :

"
( Itn ) die
f
e
1.
cosine )
"

Soth : let ,
I
=) _É"
cosine )
"
Also say ,
seen =
z

"

Centre )dn=dz

=) ¥2 =) seizdz e"(I -1k)dn=dZ

= tanz -1C = tanned ) -1C

(2m41 ) Ñ+l°8x ) n'+

11
-1=1 die let logic -2
. =
,

B§n+ -4 )dn=dz
=

fzdz =
¥ -1C
dn =D ≥

=-3 tritlognjtc

111 .

I
=/ sink

since a) -
dk

sin }U a) }
=f
+a
-

die

since a) -

=) sink -

a) Cosa + cost a) Sina -

de
Sina -

a)
 Jdn sinaf let since a) =z
-

= Cosa + die .

since -
a)
coscn a) In
-
= dz

= Rosa + sinaln since -

a) + c Jd¥ = lnz

x"2
I=J¥r =fgµ-
*
du let , x%=z

"
die dz
312N
=

-231€
Yñ→
ya "2dn=4zdZ

Say ,
a%=k

-23 ÷
'
=
siñ + c

=-3 -¥
'
siri + c

#
*
J HMY , (tarin )
( -
'
at , tank =
≥

die =
dz

JI
YEE

=
Siri 'z+c= Siri '(tank ) -1C

*
Idi
Yu -

d) ( B
-
H )

let , I
=fd_✗
✗
and , ✗ =dco5O + B. since

IN d) ( B
-
-
N ) dn = -22 cososinodo + 2B sinocosodl
 ( B-d)
2si/nOcsO do
( B- d) sinocoso do

ftp.Isin/oTp-Icoso
=
2
=

Now ,
x -

✗ = ✗ Cosio → Bsino -
a

=) =p sino ✗ (1-050)
-

do

@ -

d) sink

=
2 [ ⊖] -1C
Bsiñc
B-✗ =
B- 2050 -

(B- d) cost

-1¥
=
'
=
-1205 + C

→ v50 =

cosO=±YI
'
0=-1-05

Integration by partial fraction :

* I
=/ (Ntl ) du

CU 1) (N 3) (Nts )
-
-

e-
at .
(U -

1) (U -
3) ( Nts)
=

# → →
Nts

(Ntl ) = ACN 3) (Nts ) 1- BCN

- -

1) ( Nts ) + Ccu 1) In -
-

3)

if x=I ,
then 2 = A C- 2) ✗ 6 A =
-1/6

if a =3 , then 4=13×2×8 B =

Yg

if ✗ = -5 , then -4 =
C. C- G) C- 8) Be =
42
 i. I
=) / ¥, +
÷→ ,
-

¥+5 ) ] die

= -

¥ lncn 1) -

→
-4 then -3 ) -

÷ lncn -15) + Inc

*
f)
( sit 1)
N
2

É =

# +
?÷+É=
-1112 (ri

x3tl = A Csi -115 -1 ( Bn + C) ✗ Gi -11) 1- ( Dn + E) x -

CD

putting n=0 in CD we
get , I = A A- 1

"
Now from CD set I = Atx -12m't 1) + B(x4+Ñ)+CCu3+x ) + Daft Ex
,

"
,Ñ,Ñ ,n°
'
Now
equating the
coefficient of a , n on both sides ,

0 =
A -113 B = -
A i. 13=-1

I =
C i. C =
1

0=2 At BTD i. D= -

0 =
CTE .
'

.
E = -1

: .

-1=1 [ he -1 +

city
2) die
 =) ÷ da f - dn + die
-1¥, -1¥, die die -

)
'"

= ln In 1 -

-21 lncri -11 ) + turn + -12 ¥, -

I
,

↓ ↓

% / ¥yᵈ "
as jᵈ
" "

:S

I, =
f rz lit , a = tano

→ dn =
see Odo

¥0
=) ( It tano )2

É
=

g Seto
do

=
J ¥0 =
f [ 050 do =
-1212050 do =
-12 ) ( It cos 20 ) do

G- -9

{
= + -12 .

2
= +

-12 [ tan £ tank ]

'
= n + sin 2

=
-3 [ 0 + ˢ ] =
-1 lot Éˢ°
2
] =-3 [ Hint ,¥ni÷n .

=-3 [ tarin +
¥] .
i. I = lnse -

ten Christian 're -

¥+1T & -

tank -

¥ ÷
.

. + e

Integration by parts

Suv die =

a) v da -

I hate (a) fvdn } die

L 1 AT E D
I

¥
ln
s
log ,

::: ::
> X , Y ,
I ,
R

"
- e

-5cm )
"

→ derivatives , ,
f- (n )

I =

Jean sin bn die

f } In lsinbn ) Sea
" "

= sin
bnfea da -

die
} die

÷
are

= sin bn .

÷ -

f b cos bae .
die

an

ta bn.e-a-1-fbsinbn.tt
"
=
tea sin brr -

[ cos
]

sinbn-a-bzeancosbk-a-b.tt
I =
la
"

(É¥ ) (a sin bn -
b cos bu )
I =

a2
 eau(asinby -

bcosby)
& I = c
+

+
a 52

Chap -1:9,
* 10,12(pg-10)

* Chap-2:4,12,6, (pg-19)

Chap-3:9,
* 19, 7

* Chap -9: 3, 6, 15, 13

* Chap -5:7,3, 15

* Chap-6:4, 5,

an
* I
a bcosp
+

du
SoM:let,
1
I=
a b1
+
-
tanx/2
1 +

tan-2/2

since Xb tan* z
=I &x let, =

a a
+

fan-3/+b-btanz/

=> fab seiUe XY dr = dz

f,securea
=

b) faras
sec/e
2,dz
-

=> =

1-(( 472
=

, 12
+
=

-,
X
tan+ -

b
+ C

2
=

Gabe
fan
ance +
c

I
* =

J acossd b since

let, a RsinG;b=Rcos:.a +
=
b=

i.2 tan
=
x
=>
1+
=

b2

:I
nsindcoscost
=

I since

Idsk
=

cosasinu) +

dx
S
=

R sin (t x)+

If(0se(x 1)du
= +

yl0g +

)
an( +
c

blog tant(n
+
+ an -) e
+

1) S and gas ill

state Fee US a de
(D) I
fdeyes
=

let, x a =
sin O

=JacosOoE,
du aCosO dO =

a
x

i. O sin'
=

Ya
x2

19c0sOdea
=

tanta
=

f ,so do

If seio do
(1) I=
fci *Fa
+ 2
let, n
=

sin O

tan0 +
c
du 20sO dO
=>
=

x
=

fci osOdOsin
sin
2 ya
=

+
-
x
+ 2

a az"

,
x

- x2
C
+
=

J. doo

SiSecOdO
=

(multiplying byone

=) secrodoea) let,
12 +an0 z
=

i) y v s8 dO dz
=>
=

secOdo
dz
=

=>

=
tanz

= tanv +anO +
c

tan") vzx e
+
 Reduction Formula:

if
* In
cosde
=
then show thatIn =
sincecos" + In + 2. Also find Is

SoIn:

In
J
=

coss.cos de

=
Cosicossdo Io (cos)/cossede]
-
de

Since
=
costs
(n-1)cos"since since due

=> sinxe.cos"-a +

f(n-1) cost since due

=
sinxe.cos x +

f(n 1)c3" (1
- -

105x)dx

=
Since .cos"x +
(n-1) /cos" dx -

(n-1) cosie du

=> sinxecos" ce (n-1) In

+
-

(n -

1) In
-
-

- In (1 +
n -1) sinscos+(n-1) In-c
=

sinx.cos x
=> In =

+ In -
2 (showed)

Here, n 5
=

, Is Esinxeos"x 11s
=
+ -
1)

n 3,Iz
= =

Isinucosa +
E1, -
1)

n 1,I
= 1Sinx
=
0
+
-

(1)

FROm (1), (11) and (111) we

get,

Is 5sinxecosx
=

- ( sinucos E sina)
+ +

c
+
if
* In I sins
-

do; then show thatIn =

sinnis cosa
+

also find a

Evaluan.ofusseissuesrelegant ⑧
s
(-)+12
=
-

27;
(83
=
-

0) (92.36
+
-

12 -

3/2.4 4)
+

((x,
*
an

sol":when ux,0,181=x and when x<0,(xl=-x

Susan = luldo+lulda
=j -
wdx
jxdu
+

= -

[z] y+(z] = -

(0 Y) (42 0)
-
+ -

1z
=

2
+

E
=
 Find
* the total area between the curve y=1-2 and the ce-axis the
over

interval [0,2]

: The area A
is
1-2 dr
"yy,y,
(21
=

x)ax j
+
-

(1 v)-

du "(,
(n
=
-

zj. -

[x -

zp7

(1 "3]
=
-
-

[(2 8/3)-
-

(1 -

Y)]

=
2

Pf(n)an f(z)dz
* =

jf()dx
* =

f(n)dx
"f(n)au j
*
=

f(n)ax
1f(n)dn
+

jf()an f(a
* = -

u)dx
 2)f(x)dx;f(2a
yf()dx S
-

3) 1()
=

* =

⑧ if(2a x) - =
-

f(n)

·!f(v)
jfudu G0
dx f(n)
i

is even

*
=

is odd
f()
i

Pod.
eosud
en

=cosciaae
y=
condoand,
ut,I
!
=

2
sin( z V) cos(cz u)
-
+
-

sinn)
(1) (1)
+

21
Ga -sude a
=

sinus
on

Inocose an
en
:27 (n)
=

y 2
=

:I =
 *
No sir
ios do *
%sM3.
*
"I centerFa ↓" Chint: tan-
en I

* I
49
-

since
20sR

cosm
+
dx -
(1)

↑2
20s((z x) -

I sin (Ag-k) cos(Mz x) +

-
da

↑2
since
=
I cosa +
since
dr -
(1)
.

ng
(1) (1)=
+

2I = sinnecosin
dr
Sinx+ cosa
·

I do
seen
this
say, tan =z

scan
easy => sen/dr=2dZ

I
x + 0,M2
dz

(2z
=

z 0, I
z
+
1
+ -

j(
=

, 2 -

12
 -

Eve in
ETand

Iin - it in
=

= -

Ein 1 v 1 +

*
Yasinen du -
(1)

= (n 105(π
·1
-

+
x)sin(z n)
-
-

u)
dx

)sien -

() (11) =>
fasinudI insisten let, c0sx 2=

2I
=

E-sinkdn d7 =

I sine
=> since du = -
dz

an x #

1
z 1
-

= -

.2
: I= -

7a(tanz],
= -

x2 (tan' (1) -

tanl]

Mz1 xy u]
- -

=
-

Yu
=
*
If log cossed "

I log cos(t-u> dr

=> I
5
=

log since dx -

21) + (11) =
27 =

4 (logcoss+log since)one

I log (einc.cosn) d

I log or dr

2u z

"I log one

=

sine -
du x0 M2
17
- 2dx =

z o *

* dx 4d7

=I log sinalafrogs
-
=

an

=
E.2 Ilog sinz dz-logs (n]

21 I
=
-

2 log2

.I M2log2
-

=
Find
* the area bounded by the catchioide p a
=
(I-cos8)

fol:The catere is
symmetrical aboutthe

e
#

initial line. The required area is a.

fiedo
* area of chieve:
any Yetdo
%
(polai)

aY CrcosO5
-
do

a
=

11 -

200s0n(050) do

a"
=

(O -2sin0]] +

a.tJ(1 + 10s20) d0

a
=

(z -

0 -

0 0]
+

20 07
+
+

az
=

aY(n
+ +
0 -
0 0]
+

-Ea

Find
* the area of the quadicant of the ellipse n + 1
=

soln:the area bounded by the curve about

(0,b)

and
the n-axis the
ordinately 1 = 0 and v =
·
( -
a,0) (G,0)

ydx (0, b)
-

)
The required (A)
=

area
-

here, -1=1

y bavax
=>
= -
(1)
 (
1
...A =

-
Xπdx let, n a
= sin O 20a

O
dU acosOdO
=

=" Palairo acocodo

ba.yY
=
2,050d0

ab
-

Y (1 10520)
+
d0

ab0 20jE
=
+

ab

Gamma and Beta functions:

Beft Gamma
of function:The definite
integral testde, no are

called function. It is denoted by

gamma

Tn.ie.(
92-yi dx;ns
=

function:The
Beta definite
integral gun" (I-s)" As, msO, nso called
are

beta function. It is denoted by B(min).

i.e.b(m,n) j2* 1u)"dx,m,ns0

=
T 1.01 1,π1
*
=
=
+

n!
=

B(m,n) b(n,m)
=
* =

show
* that, IT 1 =

Sol":bythe def" beta

of function,

j2* (1x)""dx;m,n)0
-

B(m,n) =

putting m n
=

1,
=

then

jy( (1-x)" de
-
-

h(x,y) =

TT
Svi (1-x)
dx
=> =

let, n= sin' O
Ye ye
+

& du = EsinOcosO dO
↑2

(y) 6
IsinOcosO dO
=
=>
x0 1
sinOcos O
00

(()
=>
=

2[8]t 2
=
+ =

.T v =
 *
*
T sinmrcos dx =

3
+ 2
2
n
Formula

I
* since an
=
show
* that,
gudx =

SoM:By the deff" of function

gamma

ge 1 dt
"

ut,t x
+

Tn
=

=> dt 2ndu
92 1
=

2r
2.2
-

t o Δ

29502 de x 0 Δ

putting n Y2
=

M =

29 an

= E ge
=
n
 I Ez -z .z z.
* =

Tk

T6 5!
*
=

5.4.3.2.1
=

F(z 5(2.3/2.YzT2
*
=

#2

Phob: sinocoso do

F 15
-
- 2.1.3be
-

2.92.7(2.5(2.312.4. 2

*
cosn.sins e

Eznycosonnisiesintenan
soln:

ut, 3x z
=

e dn dz
=

↑b
x o -6
=

16c0s3.sinax du
z o
↑2

1Yc5z.sin"z
-
-

z
 -5.
EF
= 1.02.5(512.3(2.4.2.*4T
2. 7.6. 5. 4.3.2. 1

=
20

Sv
* (1 -
x(du

(i (1 x( dx
-

T e.T
b(z,b(e)
=
=

G(2.7(2.5(2-3(e."ez

=
s

*
S8(1 -

x)"dx =

oi prove that

ix /Frdx uxcrsi)"dx
*
=

I
let, x = sin

2 sinSO dx c0s0 dO
(I-sinO) "2.cosOdO
=> =

occt** =
2.4.3.2.1

S.
Chap -S (143) - 3.11

Chap -10 (150) - 6

Chap-11 (180) 1,2,7

-