REVIEWER IN MAPEH 8

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF INDIA

Indian Art

- influenced by different cultures as well various religious influences such as Buddhism, Jainism,
Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism.
- can be described with a strong sense of design that can be observed in its modern and
traditional forms.

Ajanta Caves of Marahashtra - consists of 30 rock-cut cave monuments that includes paintings and
sculptures that is considered as the masterpiece of Buddhist religious art

Shiva and Vishnu - God of destruction and regeneration of the Hinduism; represented by a four-armed
figure in which every hand has a meaning

Taj Majal - built in 1632 by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife; one of the contributions
of the Moguls to the enrichment of Indian culture, painting, and architecture

Diwali - is the Hindu New Year celebrated every month of October or November; also known as Festival
of Lights; held for 3 to 5 days where homes are cleaned to welcome the New Year

Lakshmi - Hindu’s goddess of wealth, will go down and enter their house that is why they keep their
window open.

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF PAKISTAN

Artisanship - one of the world-renowned cultural identification of Pakistan

Artisans - are very intelligent and creative with their skill when it comes to weaving, embroidery,
printing, or designing

Pottery

- is very famous in Pakistan especially in the province of Sindh where Kashigars or pottery artists,
are popular for making pots and tiles of various shapes, glazed ceramics, and earthenware.
- Pakistani potteries’ signature colors are brown, white, mustard, turquoise, cobalt blue, and
purple.
- The development of their pottery has been passed from generation to generation and uses
various patterns like flowers, geometric shapes, and calligraphy

Truck Art

- Pakistan is also known for its brightly colored decorative trucks.

- It is painted with idealized images of landscapes, famous personalities, flowers and trees.
- These trucks turn Pakistan’s village lanes, city streets, and highways into a gallery without walls
Camel Silk Lamp - is a small piece of desert lamp that is crafted from dried camel skin and painted over
to create a unique craft; light pierces through the porous camel skin providing illumination during the
desert night.

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF SAUDI

Arabian Rugs

- a warp that is tightly strung on a loom vertically with individual knots tied on the warp based on
a design, or pattern.
- One or more rows of plain weaving are used to keep the knots in place.
- It is known for its vivid visual appearance, strong off the wall colors, and complex designs

Dowry Basket - used by the brides on their head with a smaller basket on top to carry their dowry.

Dowry - refers to the money, gifts, or property that a bride gives to her husband on their marriage;
usually used in the Qatif region

Incense Burner - traditionally made from wood with deep part covered in lead and decorated with
brass; in some regions, clay is the preferred material to use and also contains mirror designs on the
sides; still used in most Saudi homes today

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF TIBET

Tibetan Dress - women in Tibet wear their traditional Tibetan dress comprising of an apron worn to
indicate she is married. A woman not wearing her apron anymore indicates that she is a widow or has
been divorced.

Wool - a type of clothing material woven by hand with different colors such as black, red, and green;
durable and warm which is good for Tibetan clothing, shoes, and hats.

Butter Lamp - light from the flame of the butter lamps symbolizes the wisdom of the awaken mind,
dispelling the darkness of delusion and mental; commonly used in Tibetan temples, households, and
altars.

Mandala

- a spiritual and ritual symbol in Asian cultures.

- come in the form of circles contained within a square and arranged into sections that has been
organized around a single central point.
- usually produced from paper or cloth or drawn on a surface with threads, fashioned in bronze,
or built from stone
Festivals and Theatrical Forms Celebrated all over the Asian Region

Festivals

- are celebrations or special events that last over a period of time which reflect the traditions and
culture of one place or community

- shows the cultural diversity of the Asian people.

- shows the importance of tradition and customs in every Asian country and our shared mindset
of enjoying lively and colorful celebrations.

Theater

- Asian performing arts is composed of music, drama, and dance. 

- Art forms feature live performance of actors or puppets which integrates the use of masks,
makeup, costumes, scenery, and props.

- Performed as a form of entertainment, as a cultural, social, religious or political event, and even
as a part of ethical education

ASIAN FESTIVALS AND PERFORMANCES

Spring Festival (China)

- commonly known as Chinese New Year.

- longest and most important festival in China.

- Chinese people clean their houses because they believe that they have to sweep away any ill-
fortune and to invite good luck to enter their house.

- They also pour out their money to buy new clothes, foods, and decorations for their windows
and doors.

Dragon Dance (China)

- It refers to a traditional dance and performance in China and one of the highlights of the
Chinese New Year aside from spectacular fireworks display.

- Dragon signifies power, strength, and good luck. It is an important symbolism in Chinese culture

Taiko Drum Festival (Japan)

- It is one of the most exciting summer festivals of Japan that features the best taiko groups.

- The taiko group’s performance lasts for only 1 hour and 40 minutes. A taiko drummer is called
Uchite.
Balinese Dance Festival (Indonesia)

- This festival involves dances rooted in the ancient traditions of the people in the island of Bali in
Indonesia.

- These dances reflect the Hindu culture of the islands and its folk rituals.

- The dance signifies how characters from Hindu sculptures fight demons and evil spirit

Yi Peng/Sky Lantern Festival (Thailand)

- It refers to a special event in Thailand celebrated every full moon of the 2nd month of the
traditional Thai Calendar called Lanna.

- The festival participants release a sky lantern and ask for a small prayer or wishes

Kabuki Theater

 Jidaimono - it is Kabuki play based on major events of Japanese history.

 Shosagoto - it refers to a dance piece in Kabuki plays.

 Sewamono - it is a Kabuki play that focuses upon the lives of normal people

Two main categories of actors:

 Onna-Gata - it refers to the female roles of the kabuki plays.

 Aragoto - it refers to the male roles of the kabuki plays

Kabuki Acts

 Jo - it is the first act. It is an encouraging and slow opening that introduces the audience to the
characters and plot.

 Ha - it covers the second to fourth act and refers to the speeding up events culminating to a
dramatic moment or tragedy in the third act. Battles are commonly depicted in the second or
fourth act.

 Kyu - it is the fifth act and provides a quick and delightful conclusion

Peking Opera

 It is also known as Beijing opera.

 It is one of the most famous traditional theater artforms of China.

 It has the combination of vocal performances, music, dance, pantomime, and acrobatics
Elements of Peking Opera

Peking Opera performers should employ four main skills:

o Singing

o Speech

o Dance-acting (composed of pure dance, pantomime, etc.)

o Combat (composed of both acrobatics and fighting with different weaponry)

Wayang Kulit

 It refers to the oldest tradition of storytelling in the world with the use of puppet materials and
musical background that makes the show more interesting.

 It is a popular traditional Indonesian theater known around the world.

 It is usually performed in the royal court and spread out to the public through its performance
during religious occasions.

 “Wayang” is an Indonesian term for shadow sometimes refer to the puppet itself or the theater
performance, while “Kulit” means skin.

Elements of Wayang Kulit

o Kelir - it refers to the white stretched linen canvass that separates the Dalang from the
audience.

o Blencong - it refers to the coconut oil lamp that creates a shadow from the puppet. Nowadays,
it is replaced by electric lights.

o Debog - it refers to the stage where the puppets are stuck to hold them in place. It is usually
made of the trunk of a banana plant.

o Kotak - it refers to the puppet chest. It can be played by the dalang as a drum by hitting it with a
wooden mallet.

o Kepyak - it is a metal plate that is played with the Dalang’s foot to give signal to the gamelan
orchestra.

o Gamelan Orchestra - it is one of the most important parts of the performance. It is composed of
mostly bronze instruments that sets the mood and the theme of the performances.