PHARMACY LEVEL IV

TVET CURRICULUM
Based on version -I
Occupational Standard (OS)

February 2022
Adiss Ababa
 Preface

The reformed TVET-System is an outcome-based system. It utilizes the needs of the labor
market and occupational requirements from the world of work as the benchmark and standard
for TVET delivery. The requirements from the world of work are analyzed and documented –
taking into account international benchmarking – as occupational standards (OS).

In the reformed TVET-System, curricula and curriculum development play an important role
with regard to quality driven TVET-Delivery. Curricula help to facilitate the learning process
in a way, that trainees acquire the set of occupational competences (skills, knowledge and
attitude) required at the working place and defined in the occupational standards (OS).

This curriculum has been developed by a group of experts from Ministry of Health, Health
Science Colleges, and other stakeholders based on the Ethiopian Occupational Standard for
Pharmacy Level IV. It has the character of a model curriculum and is an example on how to
transform the occupational requirements as defined in the respective occupational standard
into an adequate curriculum.

The curriculum development process has been actively supported and facilitated by the
Ministry of Health and Ministry Labor and skill.

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1. TVET-Programme Design
1.1. TVET-Programme Title: Pharmacy Level IV

1.2. TVET-Programme Description

The Program is designed to develop the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude of the
learners to the standard required by the occupation. The contents of this program are in line
with the occupational standard. Learners who successfully completed the Program will be
qualified to work as a Pharmacy technicians with competencies elaborated in the respective
OS. Graduates of the program will have the required qualification to work in the health sector
in the field of pharmacy.

The prime objective of this training program is to equip the learners with the identified
competences specified in the OS. Graduates are therefore expected to use, Dispense
Pharmaceuticals, Apply Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain Management, Apply Good
Dispensing Principles, Conduct Small-Scale Compounding of Pharmaceutical Products,
Enhance the Use of Traditional Medicines, Provide Counseling Service on Beauty Care,
Practice Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services, Manage Pharmaceutical
Service, Manage Community Health Service, Prevent and Eliminate MUDA in accordance
with the performance criteria described in the OS.

1.3. TVET-Programme Learning Outcomes

The expected outputs of this program are the acquisition and implementation of the
following units of competence –

HLT PHS4 01 1121 Dispense Pharmaceutical

HLT PHS4 02 1121 Apply Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain Management
HLT PHS4 03 1121 Apply Good Dispensing Principles
HLT PHS4 04 1121 Conduct Small-Scale Compounding of Pharmaceutical Products
HLT PHS4 05 1121 Enhance the Use of Traditional Medicines
HLT PHS4 06 1121 Provide Counseling Service on Beauty Care
HLT PHS4 07 1121 Practice Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services
HLT PHS4 08 1121 Manage Pharmaceutical Services

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HLT PHS4 09 1121 Manage Community Health Service
HLT HES4 10 1121 Prevent and Eliminate MUDA
1.4. Duration of the TVET-Programme
The Program will have duration of 2,548 hours including the on-the-job practice or
cooperative training time .

s.no Unit competency On school training Co-operative Total Rema

Theory Practical training hours rks
1. Dispense Pharmaceutical 396 80 234 710
Apply Pharmaceuticals 122 120 78 320
2.
Supply Chain Management
Apply Good Dispensing 203 60 117 380
3.
Principles
Conduct Small-Scale 101 80 39 220
4. Compounding of
Pharmaceutical Products
5. Enhance the Use of 161 40 39 240
Traditional Medicines
6. Provide Counseling Service 60 20 ----- 80
on Beauty Care
Practice Auditable 191 120 39 350
7. Pharmaceutical Transactions
and Services
8. Manage Pharmaceutical 80 40 ----- 120
Services
Manage Community Health 32 ------ 40 72
9. Service
10. Prevent and Eliminate MUDA 24 16 16 56
Total hour 1370 576 602 2548

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1.5. Qualification Level and Certification
Based on the descriptors elaborated on the Ethiopian National TVET Qualification
Framework (NTQF) the qualification of this specific TVET Program is “Level IV”.

The learner will not be awarded any certificate before completion of all the modules that are
designed for the exit in level IV.

1.6. Target Groups

Any citizen who meets the entry requirements set by the concerned organization and capable
of participating in the learning activities is entitled to take part in the Program.

1.7 Entry Requirements

The prospective participants of this program are required to possess the requirements or
directive of the Ministry of health and ministry of labor and skill.

1.8 Mode of Delivery

This TVET-Program is characterized as a formal program on middle level technical skills.

The mode of delivery is in-school and co-operative training. The TVET-institution and
identified companies have formed an agreement to co-operate with regard to implementation
of this program. The time spent by the trainees in the industry will give them enough
exposure to the actual world of work and enable them to get hands-on experience.

The co-operative approach will be supported with school-based lecture-discussion, simulation

and actual practice. These modalities will be utilized before the trainees are exposed to the
health industry environment.

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 1.9. TVET-Program Structure

Unit of Competence Module Code & Title Learning Outcomes Duration

(In Hours)
HLT PHS4 01 1121 Dispense HLT PHS4 M01 02 22 Dispensing  Apply basic knowledge of 710
Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutic Anatomy
al  Apply basic knowledge of
Physiology
 Apply basic drug knowledge
 Apply Pharmacotherapy principles
 Perform dispensing process
 Maintain dispensary information
 Perform the duties of a pharmacy
assistant
HLT PHS4 02 1121 Apply HLT PHS4 M02 02 22 Applying  Describe Medical supplies and 320
Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceutic reagents
Supply Chain als Supply  Describe the logistics cycle
Management Chain  Manage procurement process
Management  Describe the purpose, flow of
information and products, roles &
responsibilities in IPLS
 Record pharmaceutical transactions
 Report and order pharmaceuticals
 Issue pharmaceuticals
 Receive pharmaceuticals
 Manage pharmaceutical storage
 Organize and de-junk storage Places
HLT PHS4 03 1121 Apply Good HLT PHS4 M03 02 22 Applying  Accept prescription for dispensing 380
Dispensing Good  Ensure clinical evaluation of
Principles Dispensing prescription by pharmacist
Principles  Calculate prescription quantities
 Prepare labels according to legal

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 requirements
 Establish counseling environment
 Provide patient counseling service
 Enter data in to dispensing computer
 Assemble prescription items
according to good dispensing
practice
 Finalize prescription, documentation
and reporting

HLT PHS4 04 1121 Conduct Small- HLT PHS4 M04 02 22 Conducting  understand pharmaceutical analysis 220
Scale Small-Scale  Source information on formula
Compounding of Compounding  Prepare for production process
Pharmaceutical of  Obtain equipment and supplies
Products Pharmaceutic  Compound products
al Products  Complete production process
 Participate in quality control
 Store and transport released product

HLT PHS4 05 1121 Enhance the Use HLT PHS4 M05 02 22 Enhancing the  Use basic knowledge of organic 240
of Traditional Use of chemistry
Medicines Traditional  Identify medicinal plants in their
Medicines natural and dry state
 Use appropriate guidelines for plant
collecting
 Communicate knowledge of herbal
medicine philosophy, principles and
practice
 Prepare herbal medicines according
to pharmacy guidelines
 Operate and monitor the dispensing

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 process
 Complete documentation
 Ensure ongoing development of self
and team
HLT PHS4 06 1121 Provide HLT PHS4 M06 02 22 Providing  Have basic knowledge on cosmetics 80
Counseling Counseling  Counsel on cosmetics products
Service on Service on
Beauty Care Beauty Care

HLT PHS4 07 1121 Practice HLT PHS4 M07 02 22 Practicing  Identify the concepts of APTS 350
Auditable Auditable  Apply Pharmacy organization
Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutic principles
Transactions and al  Perform pharmaceutical coding
Services Transactions  Apply Efficient pharmaceutical
and Services physical inventory
 Arrange dispensing work flow to
apply good dispensing practice
 Manage pharmaceutical transactions
 Perform daily summary and monthly
report
 Apply pharmaceutical prioritization
and Threesome analyses
 Perform auditing of pharmaceutical
transactions and services
 Conduct monitoring and evaluation
of transactions and services

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 HLT PHS4 08 1121 Manage HLT PHS4 M08 02 22 Managing  Plan resource utilization 120
Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutic  Acquire resources
Services al Services  Organize Pharmaceutical services.
 Make informed decisions
HLT PHS4 09 1121 Manage HLT PHS4 M09 02 22 Managing  Follow organizational guidelines, 72
Community Community understand health policy and service
Health Service Health
Service delivery system
 Plan, manage, monitor and evaluate
health system
 Lead and build individual’s and
team’s capacity
HLT HES4 10 1121 Prevent and HLT HES4 M10 02 22 Prevent and  Prepare for work 56
Eliminate Eliminate  Identify MUDA and problem
MUDA MUDA  Analyze causes of a problem
 Eliminate MUDA and Assess
effectiveness of the solution
 Prevent occurrence of wastes and
sustain operation.
*The time duration (Hours) indicated for the module should include all activities in and out of the TVET institution.

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1.10 Institutional Assessment
Two types of evaluation will be used in determining the extent to which learning outcomes
are achieved. The specific learning outcomes are stated in the modules. In assessing them,
verifiable and observable indicators and standards shall be used.

The formative assessment is incorporated in the learning modules and form part of the
learning process. Formative evaluation provides the trainee with feedback regarding success
or failure in attaining learning outcomes. It identifies the specific learning errors that need to
be corrected, and provides reinforcement for successful performance as well. For the teacher,
formative evaluation provides information for making instruction and remedial work more
effective.

Summative Evaluation the other form of evaluation is given when all the modules in the
program have been accomplished. It determines the extent to which competence have been
achieved. And, the result of this assessment decision shall be expressed in the term
‘competent or not yet competent’.

Techniques or tools for obtaining information about trainees’ achievement include oral or
written test, demonstration and on-site observation.

1.11 TVET Teachers Profile

The teachers conducting this particular TVET Program are A Level and have satisfactory
practical experiences or equivalent qualifications.

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 LEARNING MODULE 01

TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV

MODULE TITLE: Dispensing Pharmaceuticals

MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M01 02 22

NOMINAL DURATION: 710 Hours

MODULE DESCRIPTION:
This module aims to provide the learners with the knowledge, skill and right attitudes
required to assist with the administration of dispensary requirements, using knowledge of
more advanced aspects of dispensing and dispensary information requirements.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Apply Basic Knowledge of Anatomy
LO2. Apply Basic Knowledge of Physiology
LO3. Apply Basic Drug Knowledge
LO4. Apply Pharmacotherapy Principles
LO5. Perform Dispensing Process
LO6. Maintain Dispensary Information
LO7. Perform the Duties of a Pharmacy Assistant

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Apply Basic Knowledge of Anatomy
1.1.Introduction to Anatomy
1.2. Anatomy of central and peripheral nervous system
1.3.Anatomy of cardiovascular and renal system
1.4.Anatomy of gastrointestinal system
1.5.Anatomy of respiratory System
1.6. Anatomy of endocrine System
1.7.Anatomy of integumentary system

LO2. Apply Basic Knowledge of Physiology

2.1.Introduction to Physiology
2.2. Physiology of central and peripheral nervous system
2.3. Physiology of cardiovascular and renal system

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 2.4. Physiology of gastrointestinal system
2.5. Physiology of respiratory System
2.6. Physiology of endocrine System
2.7.Physiology of blood
2.8. Physiology of integumentary system

LO3. Apply Basic Drug Knowledge

3.1. Introduction to Pharmacology
3.1.1. Historical aspects of pharmacology
3.1.2. Definition of pharmacology
3.1.3. Sources of drug
3.1.4. Introducing the development and evaluation of new drugs
3.1.5. Drug nomenclature
3.1.6. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
3.1.7. Routes of drug administration
3.1.8. Dose- Response relationship
3.1.9. Factors that modify drug effect & Drug dosage
3.1.10. Drug Interactions and Incompatibility
3.1.11. Untoward effects of drugs
3.1.12. Allergic drug reactions and drug toxicity
3.2. Autonomic nervous system drugs
3.2.1. Cholinergic agonists
3.2.2. Cholinergic antagonists
3.2.3. Adrenergic agonists
3.2.4. Adrenergic antagonists
3.3. Central Nervous System Drugs
3.3.1. Sedatives and Hypnotics
3.3.2. Anxiolytics
3.3.3. Anesthetics
3.3.4. Anti-parkinsonism
3.3.5. Anti-psychotic drugs
3.3.6. Antidepressants
3.3.7. Anti-epileptics
3.3.8. Opioid analgesics

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 3.3.9. Stimulants and depressants
3.4. Cardiovascular Drugs
3.4.1. Diuretics
3.4.2. Antihypertensive agents
3.4.3. Drugs for heart failure
3.4.4. Antianginal drugs
3.4.5. Antiarrhythmic drugs
3.4.6. Drugs for vascular shock
3.4.7. Lipid lowering agents
3.5. Respiratory drugs
3.5.1. Antitussives/Expectorant
3.5.2. Anti-asthmatics
3.6. Gastro-intestinal agents
3.6.1. Antacids
3.6.2. Anti-Ulcer Agents
3.6.3. Antispasmodics/spasmolytic Analgesic
3.6.4. Antiemetic
3.6.5. Cathartics and Laxatives
3.6.6. Anti –diarrheal agents
3.6.7. Anti-hemorrhoids
3.6.8. Drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease
3.7. Drugs used to treat the diseases of blood
3.7.1. Coagulant and Anti-coagulants
3.7.2. Agents used in anemia
3.8. Inflammation, Gout and Allergy
3.8.1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
3.8.2. Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
3.8.3. Drugs used for gout
3.8.4. Antihistamines
3.9. Drugs used in Endocrine Disorders and Contraceptives
3.9.1. Insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents.
3.9.2. Anti-thyroid drugs
3.9.3. Contraceptives
3.9.4. Osteoporosis preparations

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 3.9.5. Drugs for obstetrics and gynecology
3.9.5.1. Uterine stimulants (oxytocics)
3.9.5.2. Uterine relaxants (tocolytics)
3.10. Anti-infective
3.10.1. Introduction to microbiology and parasitology
3.10.2. Principles of chemotherapy
3.10.3. Anti-bacterial
3.10.4. Anti-protozoal drugs
3.10.5. Antifungals
3.10.6. Antivirals
3.10.7. Anthelminthic drugs
3.11. Drug used for cancer
3.11.1. Introduction cancer
3.11.2. Classification of anticancer drugs
3.12. Minerals, vitamins and electrolytes
3.13. Biological and immunological agents
3.13.1. Biological products
3.13.2. Immunostimulants
3.13.3. Immunosuppressant
3.14. Dermatological agents

LO4: Apply Pharmacotherapy Principles

4.1. Basic principles of pharmaceutical care
4.1.1. Ensure access
4.1.2. Ensure access to advice
4.1.3. Ensure quality drug products
4.1.4. Ensure rational drug use
4.1.5. Empower patients to manage their own health and treatment
4.2. Common patient monitoring parameters
4.2.1. Hematology tests (eg. CBC)
4.2.2. Organ function tests
4.2.3. Urinalysis
4.2.4. Stool examination

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 4.3. Drug therapy problems
4.3.1. Unnecessary drug therapy
4.3.2. Needs additional drug therapy
4.3.3. Dosage too high
4.3.4. Dosage too low
4.3.5. Adverse drug reaction
4.3.6. Ineffective drug therapy
4.3.7. Non compliance

LO5. Perform Dispensing Process

5.1 Drug arrangements in a dispensary
5.2 Creating client medication profiles ( prescription medicines, pharmacist
only medicines and/or other medications)
LO6. Maintain Dispensary Information
6.1. Updating dispensary system information
6.2. Secure dispensary information system
6.3. Reporting clinical data
6.4. Confidentiality of dispensary information

LO7. Perform the Duties of a Pharmacy Technician

7.1. Complying roles and responsibilities

7.2. Roles of facility participation
7.3. Conducting work activities that attributes of a health care
professional
7.4. Scope of practice

LEARNING METHODS:
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Group assignment
 Individual assignment
 Role play
 Seminar presentation

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 ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)
 Contineous assessments (quiz, assignement, tests etc.)
 Oral questions
 Skill checkout
 Final written

Assessment criteria:
LO1. Apply basic knowledge of Anatomy
 The required basic knowledge on anatomy is obtained.

 Works are done with a basic understanding of anatomy.

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  Related knowledge of anatomy is applied with drugs mechanism of action.

LO2 Apply basic knowledge of Physiology

 The required basic knowledge on physiology is obtained.
 Works are done with a basic understanding of physiology.
 Related knowledge of physiology is applied with drugs mechanism of action.
LO3 Apply basic drug knowledge
 An understanding of the major drug groups is applied
 Basic understanding of drugs in each group and their expected effects, including
adverse effects is applied
 An understanding of drug- interactions and incompatibilities is applied
 Common medication form abbreviations are used

LO4. Apply Pharmacotherapy principles

 An understanding of the basic principles of pharmaceutical care is applied
 Common patient monitoring parameters are understood
 Drug therapy problems are identified

LO5. Perform dispensing process

 Dispensing processes are completed using dispensary administrative systems
according to organization procedures, regulatory requirements and legislation
 Barcode technology is used for the dispensing process in line with national
guidelines
 Drugs are located in dispensary according to legal and product specific
requirements
 Dispensing data is entered accurately into dispensary information system in
accordance with national and regional legislation
 Confirm accuracy of client details and dispensing data are entered
 Approval or authority numbers are confirmed for medicines requiring approval
 Client medication profile for clients are created and maintained using prescription,
pharmacist only medicines and/or other medications

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LO6. Maintain dispensary information
 Dispensary system information is updated as required
 Dispensary system information is backed up to ensure secure data according to
organization protocols
 Clinical data required for reporting and claiming systems are extracted.
 The pharmacist is informed of relevant changes to the data stored in the
dispensary information system
 Confidentiality of dispensary information is maintained

LO7. Perform the duties of a pharmacy assistant

 The roles and responsibilities are complied with within the legitimate scope of
practice of a pharmacy assistant (hospital pharmacy activities).
 The facilities are made participatory with an understanding of the roles and
relationship with pharmacists, technical staff, clerical staff and store personnel
 Work activities are consistently conducted in a manner consistent with the
expected qualities and attributes of a health care professional
 Issues outside scope of practice are referred to the appropriate person

Annex: Resource requirements

HLT PHS4 M01 02 22: Dispensing Pharmaceuticals

Recommended
Item Description/
Category/Item Quantity Ratio
No. Specifications
(Item: Learner)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
2. References and guidelines
Frank H. Netter,
2.1 Atlas of Human Anatomy
latest ed.,
Richard Drake,
2.2 Gray Anatomy
latest ed.
Principles of Anatomy and Gerard J. Tortora,
2.3
Physiology latest ed

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 Essentials of human physiology Laurie Kelly, 2008
2.4 5 1:5
for pharmacy
Arthur C. Guyton,
2.5 Text Book of Medical Physiology
latest ed.
Basic clinical pharmacology. Katzung B G,
2.6 Latest edition. Master SB, Trevor 5 1:5
AJ. . Latest edition
Lippincott’s illustrated review of Finkel R, Cubeddu 1:5
2.7 5
pharmacology L, Clark M,4th ed
Good man and Gilman’s The Latest ed.,
2.8 Pharmacology Basis of 5
Therapeutics
Basics and clinical Katzung, latest 1:5
2.9 5
pharmacology edition
Ritter AJ, et al,8th 1:5
2.10 Range and Dale’s pharmacology 5
ed
FMHACA ,latest ed 1:5
2.11 Ethiopian Medicines Formulary 5

National list of Medicines for FMHACA latest ed 1:5

2.12 5
Ethiopia
Standard treatment guide for FMHACA, latest ed 1:5
2.13 5
Health centers
Manual for medicines good FMHACA, latest 1:5
2.14 5
dispensing practice ed.
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1 Lecture room 1 1:25
2 Library 1
3 Skills lab/demonstration room/ 1
Dispensaries at health center and Standard
4
Hospital pharmacies
C. Consumable Materials
1 Paper A4
2 Pencil
3 pencil sharpener
4 Pen
5 White board marker
6 Chalk
7 Flip chart
8 Flip chart marker
9 writing board
10 Different types of drugs
11 Cleaning and protective materials

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 12 Prescription papers
13 Medication registration book
Patient information registration
14
book
D. Tools and Equipment
1 Computer Standard 1
2 LCD projector Standard 1
3 Tablet counting plate Standard 5
4 Spoon Standard 5
5 Electrical Balance Standard 5
6 Refrigerator Standard 1
7 Thermometer Standard 5
8 Cold chain Standard 1

LEARNING MODULE 02

TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV

MODULE TITLE: Applying Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain Management
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M02 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 320 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module aims to provide the trainees with the
knowledge, skills and right attitudes required to enable them implement the
national supply chain system (the integrated pharmaceutical logistics system):
medical supply and reagent , recording and reporting on stock levels and usage of
pharmaceuticals, ordering pharmaceuticals from EPSA, receiving and storing

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 pharmaceuticals, issuing pharmaceuticals between and within facilities,
maintaining adequate amount of pharmaceuticals and de junking
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Describe Medical supplies and reagents
LO2. Describe the logistics cycle
LO3. Manage procurement process
LO4. Describe the purpose, flow of information and products, roles &
responsibilities in IPLS
LO5. Record pharmaceutical transactions
LO6. Report and order pharmaceuticals
LO7. Receive pharmaceuticals
LO8. Issue pharmaceuticals
LO9. Manage pharmaceutical storage
LO10. Organize and de-junk storage Places

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Describe Medical Supplies and Reagents
2.1 Defining medical supplies and chemical reagent
2.2 Types and purpose of medical supplies and reagent

LO2. Describe the Logistics Cycle.

2.1 Introduction to essential medicines and national drug policy

2.1.1 Concepts of essential medicines

2.1.2 National drug policy and medicine financing
2.2 Pharmaceutical logistics systems
2.2.1 Definition of terms

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 2.2.2 Concepts of supply chain management
2.2.3 Objectives and characteristics of supply chain
2.2.4 Importance logistics
2.2.5 Logistics activities
2.2.6 Components of a logistics system
2.2.7 Pull and push systems
2.3 Selecting pharmaceuticals
2.3.1 Introduction to selection of Pharmaceuticals
2.3.2 Criteria for selections of medicines, laboratory reagents, supplies
and medical equipment’s
2.3.3 Basic steps in selection
2.4 Quantification of pharmaceuticals
2.4.1 Introduction to quantification
2.4.2 Quantification methods
2.4.3 Budget reconciliation

LO3. Manage Procurement Process

3.1 Introduction to procurement and procurement terms
3.2 Procurement methods and management
3.3 Principles of procurement
3.4 procurement process
3.5 bidding process
3.6 procurement documents
3.7 reconciling and maintain Invoices, purchase and handover
Documents

LO4. Describe the purpose, Flow Of Information And Products, Roles &
Responsibilities in IPLS
4.1Integrated pharmaceutical logistics systems

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 4.1.1 Introduction to IPLS
4.1.2 Basic components of IPLS
4.1.3 Logistics Management Information system
4.1.4 Reports and records in IPLS
4.1.5 Inventory Control System in IPLS
4.2 Flow of information and products
4.3 Standard operating procedures of systems
4.4 Responsibilities of the responsible institutions
4.5 Role of IPLS

LO5. Record Pharmaceutical Transactions

5.1 Listing Data items
5.2 Records and reports formats
5.3 Job aids
5.4 Bin card and transaction process
5.5 Stock recording card and transaction process
5.6 conducting physical count

LO6. Report and Order Pharmaceuticals

6.1 Records and ordering forms in IPLS
6.2 Health Post Monthly Report and Resupply Formats
6.3 Report and Requisition Form (RRF)
6.4 Distribution and schedule of the RRF
6.5 Stock status assessment
6.6 Placing emergency order point

LO7. Receive Pharmaceuticals

7.1. receiving pharmaceuticals from suppliers

7.2. Transaction formats during receiving

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 7.3. payment modalities for acquiring pharmaceuticals

LO8. Issue Pharmaceuticals

8.1 Issuing pharmaceuticals with in health centers and hospitals
8.2. Re-supply quantities
8.3 Issuing pharmaceuticals to health posts

LO9. Manage Pharmaceutical Storage

9.1 Introduction to pharmaceutical software application
9.1.1 Dagu1 Software application
9.1.2 Dagu2 Software application
9.2Good storage practice
9.2.1 Stock arrangement
9.2.2 Stock rotation
9.2.2 Storage conditions (temperature, humidity and light)
9.2.3 Special storage conditions
9.2.3.1 Flammables
9.2.3.2 Corrosive chemicals
9.2.3.3 Access controlled drugs
9.2.3.4 Cold chain system
9.3 Pharmaceuticals storage guidelines
9.4 Identifying and correcting storage problem
9.5 Distribution
9.6Rational use of pharmaceuticals

LO10. Organize and De-junk Storage Places

10.1 Guidelines for organizing a storage facility are applied
10.2 de junking a storage facility
LEARNING METHODS
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Assignment
 Role play

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  Seminar presentation
Exercis
ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)
 Continuous assessments (quiz, assignment, tests etc.).
 Oral questioning
 Skill check out
 Final written exam

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO1. Describe Medical supplies and reagents
 The types and purposes of different medical supplies are identified.
 The types and purposes of different reagents are identified.

LO2. Describe the logistics cycle

 The purpose of a health logistics system is described.
 Some of the major activities within logistics and the range of people
who are involved in logistics activities are identified
 The components of a logistics system are listed and the interrelationships

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 of these components as they relate to the logistics cycle are described
 Pipeline, lead time, issues data, and dispensed-to-user data are defined
 Allocation (push) and requisition (pull) distribution systems are
explained.

LO3. Describe the purpose, flow of information and products, roles &
responsibilities in IPLS
 The purpose of the system is described.
 Flow of information and products in the system is outlined
 The context within which the system operates is understood
 Responsibilities of the responsible institutions in implementing IPLS are
identified
 IPLS roles of the practitioners in hospitals, health centers and hospitals is
defined

LO4 Record pharmaceutical transactions

 The three essential data items are listed
 Records and reports used in managing pharmaceuticals in IPLS are
described
 Job aids are used to complete a form
 New bin cards are opened and transactions are recorded on a bin-card
 New Stock Record Card are opened and transactions are recorded on a
Stock Record Card.
 Physical count is conducted and the results are recorded on bin-cards and
Stock Record Card.

LO5 Report and order pharmaceuticals

 Flow of reports and orders in the IPLS are recorded.

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  The health post section of the Health Post Monthly Report and Resupply
Form is completed.
 The Report and Requisition Form (RRF) is completed
 Distribution and schedule of the RRF is described
 Stock status is assessed
 Emergency order for a health post, health centre or hospitals is placed.

LO6 Issue pharmaceuticals

 The Internal Facility Report and Re supply Form (IFRR) to issue
pharmaceuticals within a health centre or hospital is completed
 Re-supply quantities for health posts are calculated
 The Health Post Monthly Report and Re-supply Form (HPMRR) for
issuing pharmaceuticals to health posts is completed.

LO7 Manage procurement process

 Procurement methods are identified with their advantages and
disadvantages
 Principles of procurement based on the national guideline is followed
and maintained.
 Roles and responsibilities of participating bodies in the procurement
process are identified
 Bid evaluation and supplier selection is based on appropriate
procurement method and bidding process
 Relevant procurement documents are filed and archived for
retrospective evaluation and future use
 Invoices, purchase and handover documents are reconciled and
maintained

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 LO8 Receive pharmaceuticals
 The process for receiving pharmaceuticals at a hospital or health
center is described.
 The documents that are involved in receiving pharmaceuticals are
listed
 The payment modalities for acquiring pharmaceuticals are described

LO9 Manage pharmaceutical storage

 The guidelines for the proper storage of pharmaceuticals are applied
 Storage problems are identified and explained and proper measures
are taken correct these according to the guidelines and principles of
proper storage.
 Distribution of pharmaceuticals
 Rational use of pharmaceutical products

LO10 Organize and de-junk storage Places

 Guidelines for organizing a storage facility are applied
 Arrangement of pharmaceuticals in stores is described.
 Steps in de junking a storage facility are listed and applied.

ANNEX: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

HLT PHS4 M02 02 22 :Applying Pharmaceuticals Supply Chain Management

Recommended
Description/
Item No. Category/Item Quantity Ratio
Specifications
(Item: Trainee)
A. Learning Materials
1 TTLM 1:1
Reference Book, Publications and guide
2
lines
Kumarian
2.1 Managing drug supply 2nd ed 1:1
press book
Manage access to medicine and health Yellow
2.2
technology book 2012

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 The Logistics Handbook: A Practical Guide Arlington,
for the Supply Chain Management of Va., 2011
2.3
Health Commodities, USAID | DELIVER
PROJECT, Task Order
Management Sciences for health, MDS-3: MSH (2012)
2.4 Managing access to medicines and health
technologies
FMOH and
Drug Financing in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa
2.5 WHO,
Ethiopia
2007.
Pharmaceuticals Fund and Supply Agency Addis
(PFSA). Standard Operating Procedure Ababa; 6th
2.6 Manual for the Integrated Pharmaceutical edition,
Logistics System in Health Facilities of 2018.
Ethiopia.
National Drug Policy of the Transitional FMOH
2.7 Government of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa. (1993)

B. Learning Facilities and Infrastructure

1 Lecture room 1:25
2 Library Standard
3 Skills lab/demonstration room/ 4mm*4mm
Dispensaries at health center and Hospital
4
pharmacies
C. Consumable Materials
Paper
Pen
Pencil
Pencil sharpener
White board marker,
Flip chart,
Flip chart marker,
Chalk,
writing board,
Laminated Posters of RRF, IFRR, HPMRR,
Stock Record Cards, Bin cards and Cost
Analysis Worksheet
Forms: RRF, HPMRR, IFRR, Bin cards,
Stock Record Cards
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Computer
2. LCD Projector 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 3
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV
MODULE TITLE: Applying Good Dispensing Principles
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M03 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 380 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module covers knowledge, skill and attitude to prepare
prescriptions in accordance with legal and Good Pharmacy Practice requirements. Perform
activities which require range of well-developed skills where some decisions and judgment
is required. Individuals will take responsibility for their own outputs and limited
responsibility for the output of others. Moreover, this module also covers the knowledge,
skills and attitude required in patient counseling and providing drug information to

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 promote medication adherence and clinical outcomes

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1 Accept Prescription for Dispensing
LO2 Ensure Clinical Evaluation of Prescription by Pharmacist
LO3 Calculate Prescription Quantities
LO4 Prepare Labels According to Legal Requirements
LO5 Establish Counseling Environment
LO6 Provide Patient Counseling Service
LO7 Enter Data in to Dispensing Computer
LO8 Assemble Prescription Items According to Good Dispensing Practice
LO9 Finalize Prescription, Documentation and Reporting

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Accepting Prescription for Dispensing
1.1. Prescription and types of prescription
1.2. Steps in dispensing of prescribed medications
1.2.1 Receive and validate prescription or verbal request
1.2.2 Understanding and Interpreting prescription
1.2.3 Cost of medication is determined
1.2.4 Prepare Items for issue
1.2.5 Labeling and packaging of medicines.
1.2.6 Issuing drugs to patients
1.2.7 Documentation and Reporting
LO2. Ensuring Clinical Evaluation of Prescription
2.1. Checking for drug interactions and incompatibilities
2.2. Checking for contraindications
2.3. Identifying and reporting ADRs
2.4. Sources of information for clinical evaluation of prescriptions
2.4.1. Primary and Secondary Sources of information
2.4.2. Using software for drug interaction, contraindication, etc.
2.4.3. Drug formulary,
2.4.4. Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG)
2.4.5. Consulting the pharmacist

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LO3. Calculating Prescription Quantities

3.1 Dilution concentration

3.1.1 Relationship between strength and total quantity
3.1.2 Dilution and concentration of liquids
3.1.3 Dilution and concentration of solids
3.2 Reducing and enlarging formulas
3.3 Calculating oral doses
3.3.1 Powders and granules
3.3.2 Tablets and capsules
3.3.3 Oral liquids
3.4 Calculating parenteral doses
3.4.1 Injectable liquids
3.4.2 Injectable powder forms (reconstitution)
3.4.3 IV admixtures
3.4.4 Insulin doses
3.5 Calculating pediatric doses
3.5.1 Based on age
3.5.2 Based on weight
3.5.3 Based on body surface area

LO4. Preparing Labels According to Legal Requirement

4.1 Legal requirements regarding labeling
4.2 Types of Labels
4.3 Components of Labels

LO5. Establishing Counseling Environment.

5.1 Introduction to General Psychology
5.1.1 Meaning of Psychology
5.1.2 Goal of psychology
5.1.3 Sub Field of Psychology
5.1.4 The Nature of Human Development
5.1.4.1 .Aspects of human development
5.1.5 Freud’s Personality Structures
5.1.6 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

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 5.1.7 Assertive, Passive, or Aggressive behavior
5.2 Communication Skill
5.2.1 Introduction to Communication
5.2.1.1 Media of Communication
5.2.1.2 Form of Communication
5.2.2 Communication Process
5.2.2.1 Understanding perception of individual
5.2.2.2 Rapport building skills.
5.2.2.3 Non-verbal communication and body language.
5.2.2.4 Questioning and listening
5.2.2.5 Responding and explaining
5.2.3 Barriers to communication
5.3 Counseling area
5.3.1 Counseling room
5.3.2 Special counseling room/cubicle
5.4 Identifying drug information sources for counseling

LO6. Providing Patient Counseling Service

6.1 Rationale of patient drug counselling
6.2 Identifying drug therapy problems
6.3 Providing drug information
6.3.1 Drug interaction
6.3.2 Adverse drug effect and contraindication, etc.
6.4 Counseling process
6.4.1 Recognizing the need for counselling
6.4.2 Assessing and prioritizing the needs
6.4.3 Counseling environment in pharmacy.
6.4.4 Professional appearance of pharmacist
6.5 Standard protocol or procedure of counseling
6.5.1 Establishing caring relationship with the patient
6.5.2 Assess patient’s knowledge
6.5.3 Providing information
6.5.4 Verifying knowledge and understanding
6.6 Compliance, adherence and concordance

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 6.6.1 Definition of terms
6.6.2 Causes of poor adherence
6.6.3 Consequences of non-adherence
6.6.4 Strategies for improving adherence
LO7. Entering Data in to the Dispensing Computer
7.1 Computerized dispensing system
7.2 Entering data in to a computer system
7.3 Barcode technology for the dispensing process
7.4 Checking accuracy of data

LO8. Assembling Prescription Items According to Good Dispensing Practice

8.1 Selecting and collecting prescribed products
8.2 Re-packaging of prescribed items

LO9. Finalizing Prescription and Documentation

9.1 Complete recording of prescribed medications
9.1.1 Completing prescription record book
9.1.2 Completing patient medication record for chronic illnesses
9.1.3 Record keeping for controlled drugs
9.2 Prescription filing

LEARNING METHODS:
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Group assignment
 Individual assignment
 Role play
 Seminar presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)
 Continuos assessments (quiz, assignement, tests etc.).
 Oral questioning

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  Skill check out
 Final written exam

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Assessment criteria:
LO1. Accept Prescription for Dispensing
 Prescription is collected and client details are confirmed
 The prescriber and area initiating the order for the purpose of costing and
computer entry are identified
 The legality, validity and completeness of the prescription are confirmed
 Discrepancies are reported to pharmacist
 Cost of medication is determined and appropriate information provided to client
 Client is advised of any foreseen difficulty in filling the prescription
 Client is advised of approximate waiting time and collection arrangements
 Payment is checked and receipt issued

LO2. Ensuring Clinical Evaluation of Prescription

 Prescription is referred to pharmacist for clinical evaluation
 Pharmacist’s clinical evaluation is confirmed before filling the prescription
 Any special documentation are completed

LO3. Calculating Prescription Quantities

 Quantities of each item are calculated according to then prescription
 The prescription is annotated
 Prescription is referred to pharmacist if uncertain about prescription details or
prescribed quantity

LO4. Preparing Labels According to Legal Requirement

 Prescription labels are prepared to meet legal and regulatory requirements
 Procedures are identified to deal with contraventions of law
 Information on labels is checked for accuracy according to the prescription
requirements
 Check that information on labels is made neat, clear, easily understood and in line
with legal requirements
 Appropriate cautionary and advisory labels are either incorporated into label or
attached separately

LO5. Establishing Counseling Environment.

 Conducive environment is created to make the counseling environment comfortable,
confidential and safe by individual patients, groups, families or caregivers that
assures patient involvement, learning and acceptance
 Area for counseling and education (Pharmacy) is identified
 Counseling room/area/ is equipped with appropriate learning aids to ensure effective

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 education and counseling
 Standard drug information sources are identified
LO6. Providing Patient Counseling Service
 Roles and responsibilities of educating and counseling individual patients, groups,
families or caregivers are identified
 Standard protocols, steps for patient education and counseling are developed and
implemented
 Patient related problems are identified and solved to enhance good counseling and
education practice
 Drug therapy problems are identified
 Drug information (drug-drug interactions, drug-food interaction, adverse drug
reactions, contraindications, etc) are provided depending on the need.
 Appointment is scheduled for patients with chronic diseases for refill
 Patients knowledge is checked at the end of the counseling service
LO7. Entering Data in to Dispensing Computer
 Dispensing data is entered accurately into pharmacy computer system
 Barcode technology is used for the dispensing process in line with local pharmacy
guidelines
 Accuracy of data entered is checked against information from prescription and
labels.
LO8. Assembling Prescription Items According to Good Dispensing Practice
 Prescribed products are selected in the desired form in line with EFDA guidelines
for good dispensing practice
 Correct quantity is packaged into a suitable container
 Correct label (and ancillary label if applicable) is attached to container
 Packed item is checked for accuracy
 Visibility of expiry date is checked
 Prescription is annotated with the quantity supplied, signature and date
 Items are assembled for an easy and complete check by the pharmacist
LO9. Finalizing Prescription and Documentation
 Verify that prescription is checked and signed by the pharmacist
 Documentation are completed in accordance with organization policies and
procedures
 Relevant information and statistics are recorded according to organization policies
and procedures
 Data is compiled, and reports are analyzed, generated and sent to responsible bodies

ANNEX: RESOURSE REQUEIRMENTS

HLT PHS4 M03 02 22 Applying Good Dispensing Principles
Item Category/Item Description/ Specifications Quantity Recommended

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 Ratio
No.
(Item: Learner)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
Reference Book, Publications and
2.
guide lines
Introduction to Pharmaceutical Rees Judith A, Smith Jan,
2.1
calculation Watson Jennie 4th ed
Haward C. Ansel, Shelly J.
2.2 Pharmaceutical calculations
Stockton,15th ed.
Ansel,s Pharmacutical dosage Loyd Allen, Haward C.
2.3 Ansel,10th ed
forms and drug delivery system

Manual for Medicines Good 2nd edition, 2012

2.4
Dispensing Practice
National drug formulary, EFDA, latest edition
2.5 Guideline for prescription
papers
Introduction to Psychology Fernald, L.Dodge, 5th ed.
2.6 Wm. C. Brown Publishers,
N.H., 2003.
Lecture note in Pharmacy Lilian M Azzopardi, 1st
3.7 practice edition 2010 by
Pharmaceutical press
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1 Lecture Room Standard 1 1:25
2 Demonstration room/ skills lab Standard 1 1:25
Dispensaries at health facilities Standard
3 1 1:25
and community pharmacies
4 Library

C. Consumable Materials
1 Blank and written prescription
2 Flipchart
3 Whiteboard marker
4 Chalk: different colors
5 Medication registration book
6 Patient medication profile
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Lap top Computer
2 LCD projector

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 3 Drugs
4 Electronic Balance
5 Measuring cylinders
6 Electronic or triple beam balance
7 Calculator
8 Measuring cylinders of different type
9 Plastic and glass bottles
10 Beaker
11 Pipette of different size
12 Dropper

LEARNING MODULE 4
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level –IV
MODULE TITLE: Conducting Small-Scale Compounding of Pharmaceutical Products
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M04 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION:220 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module describes the knowledge, skills and attitude
required to prepare master work sheet and compound pharmaceutical products from fixed
formulae.

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Overview of pharmaceutical analysis
LO2. Source information on formula
LO3 Prepare for production process
LO4. Obtain equipment and supplies
LO5. Compound products
LO6. Complete production process
LO7. Participate in quality control
LO8. Store and transport released product

MODULE CONTENTS
LO1. Overview of Pharmaceutical Analysis
1.1 Introduction to pharmaceutical analysis

1.2 Application of pharmaceutical analysis

1.3 Quantitative and qualitative analysis

LO 2. Sources of Information on Formula

2.1 Dosage form selection
2.2 Source of information for master formula
2.3 Consolidating and making relevant information
2.3.1 Raw materials list
2.3.2 Equipment required
2.3.3 Preparation instructions
2.3.4 Storage and stability data
2.3.5 Packaging and label requirements
2.3.6 Confirm suitability of chosen formula and availability of resource

LO3. Prepare for Production Process

3.1 Personal hygiene and PPE
3.2 cGMP/EFDA requirements for small-scale compounding
3.3 Maintaining preparation areas

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 3.4 Maintaining inventory levels of materials and disposable equipment
3.5 Preparing production work sheet
3.6 Interpreting manufacturing work sheet and assigning batch number
3.7 Checking and set up compounding machinery
3.8 Preparing labels
3.9 Approval of master batch/work sheet and labels
3.10 Documenting master batch/work sheet

LO4. Obtain equipment and supplies

4.1 Materials used in small scale compounding
4.2 Quarantine of materials
4.3 Verifying materials
4.3.1 Definition of batch number
4.3.2 Use of batch number
4.4 Weighing and measuring of materials
4.5 Allocate raw materials to appropriate manufacturing machinery
4.6 Authorization/checks at designated points

LO5. Compound products

5.1 Allocating approved raw materials to equipment
5.2 Compound products
5.2.1 Liquid dosage form
5.2.2 Semisolid dosage form
5.2.3 Solid dosage form
5.3 Monitor and adjust compounding
5.4 Inspect finished product for deviations
5.5 Packing compounded product
5.6 Labeling containers/units

LO6. Complete production process

6.1 Reconcile discrepancies
6.2 Quarantine finished product
6.3 Cleaning machinery and manufacturing area
6.4 Documentation, reporting and clearance

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LO7. Quality Control
7.1 Environmental monitoring
7.2 Product sample and relevant documentation
7.3 Methods of quality control of finished product for validation
7.3.1 Chemical methods
7.3.2 Physico-chemical methods
7.3.2.1 Visual inspection
7.3.2.2 Containers
7.3.2.3 Samples checked for integrity
7.3.3 Microbiological methods
7.3.4 Biological methods
7.4 Recording and filing product quality control

Lo8. Store and Transport Released Product

8.1 Storing of products
8.2 Obtaining released product(s) from quarantine store
8.3 Packaging in delivery containers
8.4 Delivering to store/dispensary
8.5 Special storage requirements
8.6 Completing and file records and/or work sheets

LEARNING METHODS:
 Lecture-discussion
 Demonstration
 Group discussion
 practical attachment/community visit
 Individual assignment

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 practical assessment
 Written exam/test
 Questioning or interview

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  assignments

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO1 Overview of pharmaceutical analysis
 The required basic knowledge of pharmaceutical analysis is obtained

 Works are done with a basic understanding of pharmaceutical analysis

application
 Quantitative and qualitative pharmaceutical analysis is done

LO2. Source information on formula

 Appropriate dosage form for product is selected based on client need and/or
against application of pharmaceuticals
 Validated resources are used to source available formulae for required
product
 Consolidate and make relevant information available
 Suitability of chosen formula and availability of resources is confirmed
 Authority of pharmacist is needed to proceed

LO3 Prepare for production process

 Comply with dress code, safety and personal hygiene procedures prior to
entering the work area
 Clean work area and equipment correctly
 Confirm inventory levels of raw materials and disposable equipment
 Prepare a work sheet referenced from amaster work sheet
 Verify that batch/work sheets are clearly written in logical order with clear
directions and contains all the required information
 Assign product batch number
 Generate the product labels referenced from the master label detailed on the
master work sheet
 Check and note the number of labels generated
 Submit work sheet and labels to pharmacist for approval
 Check and set up compounding requirements and equipment

LO4. Obtain equipment and supplies

 Acquire materials listed on the work sheet according to stock levels and

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 stock requisitioning procedures
 Check raw materials to ensure they have been released from quarantine for
use by authorized persons
 Verify raw materials against batch work sheet and record raw material batch
numbers and expiry dates
 Weigh or measure raw materials in designated area
 Obtain required authorization or checks at designated points according to
work sheet

LO5. Compound products

 Allocate approved raw materials to equipment according to batch work sheet
 Compound product according to method on work sheet
 Monitor and adjust compounding to comply with work sheet specifications
 Perform verification procedures, inspect finished product for deviations and
report to authorised person
 Pack compounded product as specified on the work sheet, and following
approval from an authorised person
 Label containers/units according to labelling specifications on the work sheet
 Obtain required authorization or checks at designated points

LO6. Complete production process

 Reconcile number of labels printed with number used and report
discrepancies to the pharmacist
 Place product in quarantine area under appropriate storage conditions
 Clean machinery and manufacturing area and dispose of disposable
equipment safely
 Complete all required documentation and forward to an authorised person
 Report all discrepancies to an authorized person
 Obtain final approval from the pharmacist before releasing packed medicines
to storage areas

LO7. Participate in quality control

 Environmental monitoring is performed according to organization

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 requirements and abnormal readings reported to an authorized person
 Pack and label a retention sample and/or quality control sample if specified
on the work sheet
 Submit product sample and relevant documentation to quality control, where
specified
 Record and file product quality control results

LO8. Store and transport released product

 Products are stored according to work sheet standard
 Obtain released product(s) from quarantine store
 Pack released product(s) into delivery containers which will maintain the
required ambient conditions for the product
 Deliver product to destination
 Advise receipting area personnel of specific storage requirements
 Complete and file records and/or work sheets

Annex: Resource materials

HLT PHS4 M04 02 22 Conducting Small-Scale Compounding of Pharmaceutical

Products
Recommended
Item Description/
Category/Item Quantity Ratio
No. Specifications
(Item: Trainee)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
2. References

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 The Science of Dosage form Ansel,10th edition
2.1 5 1:5
Design
Remington; The science & Loyd V Allen Jr,22th ed
2.2 practice of pharmacy, volume 5 1:5
I and II
Theory and practice of Lackman and Lieberman;
2.3 5 1:5
industrial pharmacy 3rd edition
2.4 Tutorials pharmacy Cooper and gun’s ; 2004 5 1:5
2.5 Pharmaceutical analysis P.Pariomoo;latest edition 5 1:5

Practical pharmaceutical A.H Becket, J.B

2.6 5 1:5
chemistry I and II stenlake;latest edition
British pharmacopoeia;
2.7 5 1:5
volume I and II
Learning Facilities and
B.
Infrastructure
1. Class room, Standard
2. Skill lab/demonstration class Standard
C. Consumable Materials
Different recording formats, Standard
1.
laboratory reagents
D. Tools and Equipment
Electronic or triple beam
1. 5 1:5
balance
2. Calculator 5 1:5
3 Spatula (flexible, firm) 5 1:5
4 Stirrer 5 1:5
Measuring cylinders of
5 5 1:5
different type size
6 Petri dish 5 1:5
7 Autoclave 5 1:5
8 Plastic and glass bottles 5 1:5
9 Ointment jars and tubes 5 1:5
10 vials 5 1:5
11 Beaker 5 1:5
12 Pipette of different size 5 1:5
13 Alarm 5 1:5
14 masks 25 1:1
15 Computers Standard
16 LCD projector 1 1:25
17 Flipchart stand 1 1:25

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18 White and/or Black board 1 1:25
19 Whiteboard marker 1 1:25
20 Flipchart marker/pen 1 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 5
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level –IV
MODULE TITLE: Enhancing the Use of Traditional Medicines
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M05 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 240 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module describes the knowledge, skills and attitude
required to manufacture and dispense herbal treatments and remedies according to
Ethiopian herbal medicine framework.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Use basic knowledge of organic chemistry
LO2. Identify medicinal plants in their natural and dry state
LO3. Use appropriate guidelines for plant collecting
LO4. Communicate knowledge of herbal medicine philosophy, principles and
practice
LO5. Prepare herbal medicines according to pharmacy guidelines
LO6. Operate and monitor the dispensing process
LO7. Complete documentation
LO8. Ensure ongoing development of self and team

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Using Basic Knowledge of Organic Chemistry
1.1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
1.1.1 Hydrocarbons
1.1.2 Aromatic compounds
1.1.3 Basic knowledge of chemistry of natural products

LO2. Identifying medicinal plants in their natural and dry state

2.1. Introduction to traditional medicine
2.1.1 Definition of Terms
2.1.2 Traditional Medicine vs Allopathic Medicine
2.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of traditional medicine
2.2. Traditional Medicine in Ethiopia

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 2.2.1. History of Traditional Medicine in Ethiopia
2.2.2. Medicinal plants used in various ailments in Ethiopia
2.2.3. Poisonous plants in Ethiopia
2.3. Macroscopic Characters of properly dry plants
2.4. Botanical features of medicinal plants
LO3. Communicating knowledge of herbal medicine philosophy, principles and
practice
3.1. Central philosophies and historical developments of traditional medicine
3.2. Principles, Methods and Practices of the Ethiopian Traditional Medicine
3.2.1. Preventive practice
3.2.2. Diagnostic practice
3.2.3. Therapeutic practice
3.2.4. Surgical practice
3.3. Integration of traditional medicine into health care system of the country
3.4. Traditional medicine and primary health care (PHC)
3.4.1. Overview and components of PHC
3.4.2. Methods of using traditional medicine in PHC
3.4.3. Training the traditional medical practitioners
3.5. Some popular complementary medical practices
3.5.1. Herbal medicine
3.5.2. Homeopathy
3.5.3. Traditional Chinese Medicine
3.5.4. Traditional Indian Medicine
3.5.5. Naturopathy
3.6. Disseminate valid information to clients and other health care providers
regarding
3.6.1. Indications
3.6.2. Adverse effects and contraindications
3.6.3. Interactions of commonly used herbal preparations
LO4. Using appropriate guidelines for plant collection.
4.1. Steps in scientific analysis of medicinal plants
4.1.1. Selection of the plant material
4.1.2. Collection of the plant
4.1.3. Taxonomic identification of the plant

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 4.1.4. Literature survey on the identified plant
4.1.5. Preparation of the plant material for extraction
4.2. Factors affecting the collection of medicinal plants
LO5. Manufacturing herbal medicines according to pharmacy guideline
5.1. Definition of Crude drugs
5.2. Classification of crude drugs
5.3. Processes of preservation, drying and storing of crude drugs
5.4. Extraction of crude drugs
5.4.1. The need for extraction
5.4.2. Methods of extraction
5.4.3. Factors Affecting Choice of Extraction Process
5.5. Isolation and purification of the active constituents
5.5.1. Classical methods
5.5.2. Chromatographic Techniques
5.6. Primary and secondary plant metabolites
5.6.1 primary metabolites ( carbohydrate, protein, lipids and nucleic acid)
5.6.2 Secondary metabolites (glycosides, alkaloids, phenols etc...)

LO6. Operating and Monitoring the Dispensing Process

6.1. Materials, equipment and work environment required for dispensing raw
materials
6.2. Monitoring production process and equipment performance

LO7. Completing documentation

7.1. Record Workplace information

LO8. Ensuring ongoing development of self and team

8.1. Skills and knowledge development on traditional medicine
8.1.1. Scheduled trainings like continuing pharmacy education
8.1.2. Peer education
8.1.3. Education through experience
8.1.4. Conducting survey on locally available herbal preparations
8.2. Monitoring and developing to enhance team performance
8.3. Coaching and advising for the development of workplace knowledge, skills and
attitudes

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LEARNING METHODS:
 Lecture-discussion
 Demonstration
 Group discussion
 practical attachment/community visit
 Individual assignment

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Practical assessment
 Written exam/test
 Questioning or interview
 Assignments

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 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LO1. Use basic knowledge of organic chemistry

 The required basic knowledge on organic chemistry is obtained

 The required basic knowledge of chemistry of natural product is obtained

 Works are done with a basic understanding of organic chemistry

LO2. Identify medicinal plants in their natural and dry state

 Highly poisonous plants of Ethiopia are identified in their natural state

 Major medicinal plants of Ethiopia are identified in their natural state

 Properly dried plants are identified organoleptically

 The main botanical features of the major medicinal plants are described

LO3. Use appropriate guidelines for plant collecting

 Plants are collected from appropriate locations

 Suitable parts of plants are collected for medicinal use

 Plants are collected at correct time (seasons, time of the day etc.)

LO4. Communicate knowledge of herbal medicine philosophy, principles and practice

 The major and minor forms of diagnosis and treatment practices are effectively
communicated on a one-to-one or group basis
 Central philosophies and historical developments of traditional medicine are
explained
 Recent developments and new practices are integrated into client services

LO5. Prepare herbal medicines according to pharmacy guidelines

 Fresh medicinal plants are preserved
 Medicinal plants are correctly dried and stored
 Plant material is extracted using different menstruum
 Various types of herbal medicines are prepared

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LO6. Operate and monitor the dispensing process
 Availability of materials, equipment and work environment to meet processing
and dispensing requirements are ensured
 Raw materials are dispensed according to manufacturing instructions
 Out-of-specification product, production process and equipment performance
are monitored to ensure quality standards
 Waste generated by both the process and cleaning procedures is collected,
treated, disposed or recycled according to organization procedures
 Feedback and complaints are appropriately responded

LO7. Complete documentation

 Workplace information is recorded in the appropriate format

 Herbal medicines are labeled correctly

LO8. Ensure ongoing development of self and team

 Individual performance is monitored regularly against work plans, clinic
objectives and client needs
 Opportunities for formal and informal development of skills and knowledge to
optimize performance are sought and accessed
 Individual performance is monitored and developed to enhance team
performance where appropriate
 Coaching and advising which contributes effectively to development of
workplace knowledge, skills and attitudes are provided

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ANNEX: RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

HLT PHS4 M05 02 22 Enhancing the Use of Traditional Medicines

Item Category/Item Description/ Quantity Recommended

No. Specifications Ratio
(Item: Learner)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM Prepared by the trainer 25 1:1
2. Reference Books 5 1:5
Fundamentals of organic Solomons, G; latest
2.1 5 1:5
chemistry edition
Practical Herbal Althea Press..latest
2.2 edition 5 1:5
Medicine Handbook
Ethiopian Common By Admasu moges
Medicinal Plants: Their &Yohannes Moges
2.3 5 1:5
Parts and Uses in
Traditional Medicine
Pharmacognocy Rubika Delgoda
2.4 Fundamental application 5 1:5
and strategies
Trease, G.E. and Evans,
2.5 Pharmacognosy, 15th ed. 5 1:5
W.C
Journals of
Journals/Publication/ traditional and
3. 5 1:5
Magazines complementary
medicine ( latest)
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1. Lecture Room 5*5m 1 1:25
Standard (colleges
2. Library 1
library)
3. Demonstration room 1 1:5
C. Consumable Materials
1 Reagents 5 1:5
2 Glove 25 pair
3 Gown 25 each
4 Mask 25 each
5 Sanitizer 5 1:5
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Standard
Lap top 1 1:25
2. Standard
LCD Projector 1 1:25

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 3. Balances 5 1:25
4.
measuring cylinders 1 1:25
5. mortar and pestle Standard 1 1:25
6. Beakers Standard 1 1:25
7. Percolators Standard 1 1:25
8. Oven 110X80mm 1 1:25
9. stirring rods, etc standard
10. standard
Distilation flask 25 1:1
9
11. Condenser standard 25 1:1
12. standard
1 Funnel (glass and Plastic ) 25 1:1

12 Buchner funnel standard 5 1:5

13 Filtration flask standard 5 1:5
14 Separator funnel standard 5 1:5
15 Bunsen burner standard 5 1:5

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 LEARNING MODULE 06

TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV

MODULE TITLE: Providing Counseling Service on Beauty Care

MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M06 0222

NOMINAL DURATION: 80 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module aims to provide the trainees with the knowledge,
skills and right attitudes required to provide accurate advice to customers and other sales staff on
cosmetic products. It requires general product knowledge and a greater need for experience and
skill in offering advice to customers.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Have basic knowledge on cosmetics
LO2. Counsel on cosmetics products
MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Have basic knowledge on cosmetics
1.1 Introduction to anatomy and physiology of skin, hair and nail
1.1.1 Structure, type and physiology of the skin
1.1.2 Anatomy and physiology Hair
1.1.3 Anatomy and physiology of nails, hand and foot
1.2 Cosmetics and cosmetic preparations
1.2.1 Definition of cosmetic & cosmetic products
1.2.2 Medicated and non-medicated cosmetics
1.2.3 Principles in the preparation of medical cosmetic products
1.2.3.1 Active ingredient,
1.2.3.2 Base (or vehicle)
1.2.3.3 Additional/auxiliary substance
1.2.4 Classification of cosmetic preparations
1.2.4.1 Based on physical form
1.2.4.2 Based on function
1.2.4.3 Based on body part to be applied
1.2.4.4 Hair products (additive, properties, preparation, use, application)

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 1.2.4.4.1 Hair color
1.2.4.4.2 Shampoos and conditioners
1.2.4.4.3 Styling aids
1.2.4.4.4 Hair ornaments
1.2.4.4.5 Brushes, combs
1.2.4.4.6 Blow dryers
1.2.4.5 Beautifying products (additive, properties, preparation, use, application)
1.2.4.5.1 Skin care products for face and body
1.2.4.5.2 Home care skin treatments
1.2.4.5.3 Home care remedial products
1.2.4.5.4 Sunscreen and tanning products
1.2.4.5.5 Nail, hand and foot care products
1.2.4.6 Cosmetic products (additive, properties, preparation, use, application)
1.2.4.6.1 Face and body make-up, pre-make-up products and stabilizers
1.2.4.6.2 Brushes, sponges
1.2.4.6.3 Applicators
1.2.4.6.4 Pallets
1.2.4.6.5 Lash curlers, artificial lashes, tweezers
1.2.4.6.6 Magnifying mirrors
1.2.4.6.7 Containers and trays, make-up boxes
1.2.4.6.8 Pencil sharpeners
LO2. Counsel on cosmetics products
2.1. Required information on cosmetic Brand options
2.1.1. Application procedures and techniques
2.1.2. Benefits and features of various products
2.1.3. Method of production
2.1.4. Guarantees
2.1.5. Price
2.1.6. Ingredients
2.2. Customer requirements
2.3. Occasion
2.4. Color preferences and style
2.5. Durability, function and usage
2.6. Cost

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 2.7. Lifestyle
2.8. Physical characteristics
2.9. Product preferences
2.10. Culture and ethnicity
2.11. Advising customers
2.12. Store services and procedures
2.13. Adverse effects of cosmetics
2.14. Legislative requirements
2.15. Consumer law
2.16. Environmental protection
2.17. Hazardous substances and dangerous goods
2.18. Trade Practices and Fair Trading Acts
2.19. Therapeutic Goods Act
2.20. OHS
2.21. Industry codes of practice
2.22. Waste disposal
2.23. Pricing procedures
2.24. Cosmetics storage policy and procedure
LEARNING METHODS
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Group assignment
 Individual assignment
 Role play
 Seminar presentation
 Exercise

ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)

 Continuous assessments (quiz, assignment, tests etc.).
 Oral questioning
 Skill check out
 Final written exam

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO1. Have Basic Knowledge on Cosmetics
 Product knowledge is developed and maintained by accessing relevant sources of
information.

 Store product range are accurately identified according to product information.

 Product information is conveyed to other staff members as required.

 Comparisons between products and services are researched and accurately applied
according to product information.

LO2. Counsel on cosmetics products

 Products are accurately evaluated according to customer needs and product
information.
 Products are recommended based on the cosmetics use history and needs of clients
for better outcome and safe use
 Features and benefits of products are counseled to customer.
 Detailed knowledge of product is applied to provide accurate advice to customers
regarding product use, and untoward effects according to manufacturer’s
information.
 Products are fully explained and clearly demonstrated how to apply according the
manufacturer’s application procedures
 Opportunities are promptly taken to advise/demonstrate to customers who are
unfamiliar with aspects of product use.
 Follow up is done with customers using specific cosmetic products.

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Page 59 of 87 Ministry of Labor and Skill Pharmacy Version- I
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ANNEX: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

HLT PHS4 M06 02 22 Providing General Counseling Service on Beauty Care

Recommended
Item
Category/Item Description/ Specifications Quantity Ratio
No.
(Item: Trainee)
A. Learning Materials
1 TTLM 25 1:1
2 References
Cosmetic Dermatology for Murad Alam, et al, 2nd
2.1 Skin of Color edition 5 1:5

Handbook of cosmetic Avi Shai, Haward I. 1:5

2.2 skin care Maibach, Robert Baran, 5
2nd edition
Handbook of cosmetic Andre O. Barel, Mark
2.3 Science and Technology Paye, Haward I. Maibach , 5 1:5
3nd edition
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1 Lecture room standard 1 1:25
2 Library standard 1 1:25
3 Skill room standard 1 1:25
C. Consumable Materials standard
1 Glove standard 25 1:1
2 Mask standard 25 1:1
3 Gown standard 25 1:1
4 Sanitizer standard 5 1:5
5 Coloring agent standard 5 1:5
6 Shampoo and conditioner standard 5 1:5
7 Mousses, gels, hair sprays standard 5 1:5
8 Hair ornaments standard 5 1:5
Brushes, combs, blow standard
9 5 1:5
dryers
10 Face and body make up standard 5 1:5
11 Brushes, sponges standard 5 1:5
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Computer Standard 1 1:25
2. LCD Projector Standard 1 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 07

TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV

MODULE TITLE: Practicing Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services

MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M07 02 22

NOMINAL DURATION: 350 Hours

MODULE DESCRIPTION:
This module describes the knowledge, skills and attitude on the concept of APTS;  how to
perform transparent and accountable pharmaceutical transactions, provision of
pharmaceutical services, as well as on how to conduct workload analysis, utilize
medicines budget efficiently and producing data driven reliable information at the end to
contribute better health outcomes

Learning outcomes
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Identify the concepts of APTS
LO2. Apply pharmacy organization principles
LO3. Apply pharmaceutical coding
LO4. Apply efficient pharmaceutical physical inventory
LO5. Arrange dispensing flow to implement good dispensing practice
LO6. Manage pharmaceutical transactions
LO7. Perform daily summary and monthly report
LO8. perform pharmaceutical list preparation, prioritization and threesome
analyses
LO9. Conduct pharmaceutical transactions and service auditing
LO10. Perform monitoring and evaluation on transactions and services
MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Identify the Concepts of APTS
1.1 Traditional pharmaceutical transactions and services
1.2 Limitations of the traditional practices
1.3 Causes, root causes and consequences of the traditional practices
1.4 APTS developments
1.5 Essential element of APTS
1.6 Major components of APTS legislations (Regulations, directives and
guidelines)
1.7 Benefits of implementing APTS

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LO2. Apply Pharmacy Organization Principles
2.1 Organization of pharmacy stores and dispensaries
2.2 Workload, Level of effort (LOE) and human resource
2.3 Collective responsibility and accountability of staff
2.3.1. Dispensing
2.3.2. Bin ownership, overage, under costing
2.3.3. Physical inventory, IFRR filling
2.3.4. Information provision, following expiry, auditing and so on
2.4 bin owners crosschecks the prices of medicines
2.5 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders
2.6 Indemnity

LO3. Perform Pharmaceutical Coding

3.1 Pharmaceutical coding
3.2 Importance of pharmaceutical coding
3.3 Types of pharmaceutical coding

LO4. Efficient Pharmaceutical Physical Inventory

4.1 Pharmaceutical physical inventory
4.2 Periods of physical inventory
4.3 Types of physical inventory
4.4 Reconciliation physical inventory reports with stock record balance

LO5. Arrange Dispensing Work Flow to Apply Good Dispensing Practice

5.1 Arrangement of the dispensing environment, premises and facilities
5.2 The six dispensing steps with respect to Rx evaluator, biller and counselor
5.3 Cashiers’ position is within the six dispensing activities

LO6. Manage Pharmaceutical Transactions

6.1 Pharmaceutical flow and transactions from store to patients
6.2 Criteria for physical inspection during receiving
6.3 Similarities and difference of medicines sales on cash, credit and for free
6.3.1 formats, customers, activities
6.3.2 cashier delivery note, bank deposition
6.4 Transaction formats and calculating unit and retail prices
6.4.1 Pharmaceutical models (Model 19/Health, Model 22/Health, Model 20
(IFRR),
6.4.2 sales ticket pad registers, sales tickets, credit/free registers, price control
sheet, cashiers delivery note
LO7. Perform Daily Summary and Monthly Report
7.1 .Daily summary formats of cash, credit and for free
7.2 .Steps of daily pharmaceutical service and financial summary
7.3 .Adjust pharmaceutical sales
7.3.1 Calculate sales of cash, credit and free

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 7.3.2 Calculate service charges
7.3.3 Calculate overages and shortages
7.4 .Monthly Financial Reporting Formats (MFRF) and Monthly Service Reporting
Formats (MSRF)
7.5 .Data sources for monthly financial and service reports
7.6 .Prepare monthly financial transactions and services reports

LO8. Apply Pharmaceutical Prioritization and Threesome Analyses

8.1 .Definition and importance of pharmaceuticals prioritization
8.2 .Methodologies of pharmaceutical prioritization
8.3 .VEN, ABC and VEN/ABC matrix reconciliation analysis
8.4 .Definition of threesome analyses
8.5 .Compare and contrast the importance of each analyses
8.6 Perform threesome analysis is using medicines with costs and price, beginning
stock, consumed stock, ending stock, average monthly consumption, months of
stock, expiry dates assuming for 4 months stock availability
LO9. Perform Auditing of Pharmaceutical Transactions and Service
9.1 Pharmaceutical transactions and service
9.2 Data source
9.3 Types of auditing
9.4 Sample product auditing
LO10. Conduct Monitoring and Evaluation of Transactions and Services
10.1 Concepts of monitoring and evaluation
10.2 Supportive supervision and mentoring
10.3 Monthly financial and service reports
10.4 Reporting the findings
10.5 Feedbacks
10.6 Conduct cross sectional survey
10.6.1 .evaluate the status of patients knowledge on correct dosage, satisfaction
on Pharmacy,
10.6.2 Evaluate availability of medicines and expiry status
10.7 Experience sharing

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LEARNING METHODS:
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Group assignment
 Role play
 Individual assignment
 Seminar presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)
 Contineous assessments (quiz, assignement, tests etc.)
 Oral questions
 Skill checkout
 Final written

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO1: Identify the Concepts of APTS
 The traditional pharmaceutical transactions and services are described
 Limitations of the traditional practices are discussed
 Causes, root causes and consequences of the traditional practices are listed-down
 How APTS was developed is described
 The essential element of APTS is listed and explained
 Major components of APTS legislations (Regulations, directives and guidelines)
are described
 The benefits of implementing APTS are mentioned

LO2. Apply Pharmacy organization principles

 Organizations of pharmacy stores and dispensaries are described
 Workload, level of effort of individuals and pharmacy units are measured and
human resource determination principles described
 Collective responsibility and accountability of staff are described in terms of bin
ownership, overage, under costing, physical inventory, dispensing, IFRR filling,
information provision, following expiry, auditing and so on
 How bin owners crosschecks the prices of medicines labeled on the package/in the
price control sheet/ is described against the price set in the issue voucher
 Major roles and responsibilities of stakeholders including health facilities, woreda,
zone, RHB, FMOH and partners are listed
 The major reasons why indemnity is needed and principles of indemnity payment
are described

LO3. Perform Pharmaceutical Coding

 Pharmaceutical coding is defined
 Importance of pharmaceutical coding is described in-terms of uniquely product
identification, traceability, auditing, price of medicines, standardization, software
application and barcoding
 Types of pharmaceutical coding are listed down and the best one identified by
comparing advantage and disadvantages of each type
 Sample medicines are coded with alpha-numeric coding system
 Price variation announcement is discussed

LO4. Apply Efficient pharmaceutical physical inventory

 Pharmaceutical physical inventory is defined
 The periods of physical inventory are listed-down
 The types of physical inventory formats are described, and their similarities and

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 difference identified
 The activities to be performed are described before, during and after physical
inventories
 How to reconcile the physical inventory reports with stock record balance is
described

LO5. Arrange Dispensing Work Flow to Apply Good Dispensing Practice

 The arrangement of the dispensing environment, premises and facilities is explained
 The six dispensing steps are described with respect to Rx evaluator, biller,
counselor, patient and cashier
 Where the cashiers’ position is within the six dispensing activities is identified

LO6. Manage Pharmaceutical Transactions

 Explain the pharmaceutical flow and transactions from store to patients
 Criteria is listed for physical inspection during receiving
 The similarities and difference of medicines sales on cash, credit and for free with
respect to formats, customers, activities are identified using cashier delivery note,
bank deposition)
 Transaction formats and calculating unit and retail prices
Pharmaceutical models (Model 19/Health, Model 22/Health, Model 20 (IFRR),
sales ticket pad registers, sales tickets, credit/free registers, price control sheet,
cashiers delivery note)
LO7. Perform Daily Summary and Monthly Report
 The daily summary formats of cash, credit and for free are compared and contrasted
 The steps of daily pharmaceutical service and financial summary are performed for
medicines sales on cash, credit and for free using of medicines
 Adjusted sales of pharmaceuticals are calculated using sample medicines sold on
cash, credit for free and service charges, overages and shortages
 The monthly Financial Reporting Formats (MFRF) and Monthly Service Reporting
Formats (MSRF) are compared and contrasted
 The data sources are listed for monthly financial and service reports
 How is performed to prepare the monthly financial transactions and services reports
of the store, dispensing outlets and the facility as a whole using medicines with costs
and retail prices

LO8. Apply Pharmaceutical Prioritization and Threesome Analyses

 The definition and importance of pharmaceuticals prioritization are explained
 The methodologies of pharmaceutical prioritization are listed
 Pharmaceutical prioritization is demonstrated using medicines having costs using;
VEN, ABC and VEN/ABC matrix reconciliation analysis

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  Threesome analyses are defined
 The importance of each analyses is compared and contrasted
 Threesome analysis is performed using medicines with costs and price, beginning
stock, consumed stock, ending stock, average monthly consumption, months of
stock, expiry dates assuming for 4 months stock availability

LO9. Perform auditing of Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services

 Pharmaceutical transactions and service auditing are defined
 Data source is listed for pharmaceuticals transactions and service auditing
 Types of auditing of pharmaceutical transactions are explained
 Sample product auditing of pharmaceutical transactions is performed
 Pharmaceutical service auditing is performed

LO10. Conduct Monitoring and Evaluation of Transactions and Services

 Concepts of monitoring and evaluation of transactions and services are defined
 Supportive supervision and mentoring are applied
 Monthly financial and service reports are analyzed and interpreted
 The analyzed reports are informed to decision makers
 Feedbacks are given on monthly reports
 Cross sectional survey is conducted to evaluate the status of patients knowledge on
correct dosage, satisfaction on Pharmacy, availability of medicines and expiry status
 Best experiences are shared to other health facilities

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ANNEX: Resource requirements

HLT PHS4 M07 02 22 Practicing Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions

and Services
Description/ Recommended
Item
Category/Item Specifications Quantity Ratio
No.
(Item: Trainee)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
2 References
Auditable Pharmaceuticals Adinew. A, Alemu
Transactions and Services (APTS), S. Adimasu E.,
A Guide for implementation, Andinet Printing
2.1 5 1:5
Amhara Region Press, Addis
Ababa Ethiopia.
May 2012.
Auditable Pharmaceutical FMOH, PFSA,
2.2 Transactions and Services (APTS) USAID/SIAPS, 5 1:5
Training Participant’s Guide 2016,
Gedif T, Teshome
D, Sebesibie F,
Implementation of Auditable
Assefa T, Gulelat
Pharmaceutical Transaction and
B, Beedmariam
2.3 Services in Ethiopia: Assessment 5 1:5
G,Abdulber S,
Report; FMOH, 18th Annual Review
Bayissa R,
Meeting, Special Bulletin
Adinew A, Tadeg
(2016).
Auditable Pharmaceutical Tadeg H, Ejigu E,
Transactions and Services (APTS): Geremew E. &
Findings of the Baseline Adinew A (2014).
2.4 5 1:5
Assessment at Federal, Addis
Ababa, and Teaching Hospitals.
Arlington, VA
Evaluation of the implementation Ayalew Adinew,
status, outcomes and challenges of Shimeles
“Auditable Pharmaceuticals Ololo , Fasil
2.3 5 1:5
Transactions and Services” in Tessema. WHO,
selected hospitals of Ethiopia 2015
essential medicines portal
Bayisa R.
Evaluation of the implantation
2.4 Adinew. A. 5 1:5
status, FMoH (2014), Auditable

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 Pharmaceutical Transaction and Endeshaw A.
Service (APTS) Scaling up and (2014). the 16th
making it functional, status ways National review
forward, meeting
Zikre-Hig of;
The council of the Amhara National regulation No
Regional state of Ethiopia. 95/2012, Ayalew
Regulation for Medicines Supply, Gobezie, state
2.5 5 1:5
Storage, Distribution and Service Governor,
Delivery System Bahirdar
Ethiopia.8 June
2012
directive No
The Federal Ministry of Health of 001/2014, , Addis
Ethiopia. Directive for pharmacy Ababa. August
2.6 2014 5 1:5
services of the Federal and
University Hospitals

Learning Facilities and

B
Infrastructure
1 Classroom 1 1:25
2 Skills lab/demonstration room 1 1:25
3 Counters of dispensaries at APTS Standard
4 Health centers and Hospital
C Consumable Materials
1 White board marker Standard 1
2 Flip charts and flip chart marker Standard 5 1:5
3 Chalk Standard 2 box
4 Cleaning and protective materials Standard 25 1:1
5 APTS Standard Rx, Standard 1 1:25
Model 19/Health: Receiving Standard
6 1 1:25
Voucher
Model 20/IFRR: Internal Facility Standard
7 1 1:25
Stock Status
8 Report and Requisition Form Standard 1 1:25
9 Model 22/Health: Issue Voucher Standard 1 1:25
10 Pad register Standard 1 1:25
11 Cash Sales Ticket Standard 1 1:25
Credit/Free Sales Dispensing Standard
12 1 1:25
Register
13 Cashiers delivery note Standard 1 1:25
14 Price control sheet Standard 1 1:25

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15 Daily Cash Dispensary Summary Standard 1 1:25
Daily Credit/Free Dispensary Standard
16 1 1:25
Summary Form
17 Daily service summery form Standard 1 1:25
Dispensaries/ Service Units Standard
18 1 1:25
Inventory Form
19 Store Inventory Form Standard 1 1:25
20 Stock Status Analysis Form Standard 1 1:25
21 Monthly financial report form Standard 1 1:25
22 Monthly service report form Standard 1 1:25

VI. Tools and Equipment

1 Calculators Scientific 5 1:5
2 Computers Standard 25 1:1
3 LCD projectors Standard 1 1:25
4 White/ black board Standard 1 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 8
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV
MODULE TITLE: Managing Pharmaceutical Services
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M08 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 120 Hours
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module deals with the proper knowledge, skills and
attitude required to implement an operational plan; organize it and lead pharmaceutical
services.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Plan resource utilization
LO2. Acquire resources
LO3. Organize Pharmaceutical services.
LO4. Make informed decisions

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Plan Resource Utilization
1.1 Definition and importance of planning
1.2 Preparing operational work plan
1.3 Contingency plans
1.4 Setting performance indicators

LO2. Acquire Resources

2.1 Human resources for pharmacy service
2.1.1 Staff recruitment
2.1.2 Induction for new employee
2.1.3 Staff motivation and retention mechanisms
2.1.4 National polices and guidelines on human resource recruitment and
retention
2.2 Financial resources.
2.3 Other resources for pharmacy services
2.3.1 Physical facilities for pharmacy services
2.3.1.1 Standards for drug retail outlets
2.3.1.2 Standards for pharmaceutical warehouse
2.3.2 Tools and equipment for running dispensary services
2.3.3 Tools and equipment for running pharmaceutical warehouse

LO3. Organizing Pharmaceutical Services

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 3.1 Preparing and communicating job descriptions
3.2 Role and responsibility of Pharmacy services
3.2.1 Introduction to Hospital services
3.2.2 Hospital Pharmacy Service
3.2.2.1 Dispensing services
3.2.2.2 DIC
3.2.2.3 Compounding
3.2.2.4 Drug supply service
3.2.3 Drug and Therapeutic Committee
3.2.4 Community Pharmacy Service
3.3 Forming and leading pharmacy work team
3.4 Motivating and rewarding teams/individuals
LO4. Making Informed Decisions
4.1 Collecting information for decision making
4.1.1 Work plan monitoring and evaluation
4.1.2 Staff performance evaluations
4.1.3 Conducting customer satisfaction survey
4.2 Participating teams in decision making
4.3 Communicating decisions
4.4 Providing and receiving feedbacks

LEARNING METHODS:
 Interactive lecture
 Group discussion
 Demonstration
 Group assignment
 Individual assignment
 Role play
 Seminar presentation
ASSESSMENT METHODS: Formative (50%), Summative (50%)
 Continuos assessments (quiz, assignement, tests etc.).
 Oral questioning
 Skill check out
 Final written exam

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
LO1. Plan resource utilization

 Pharmaceutical information for use in operational plans are collected, analyzed and
organized.
 Operational plans are used to contribute for the achievement of the organization’s
performance/business plan.
 Key performance indicators are developed within operational plans.
 Contingency plans are prepared in the event that initial plans need to be varied.
LO2. Acquire resources

 Pharmacy professionals are recruited and/or inducted within the organization’s

human resource management policies and practices
 Pharmaceutical resources and services are acquired within the organization’s
polices, practices and procedures
LO3. Organize Pharmaceutical services.

 Expectations, roles and responsibilities are communicated in a way which

encourages individuals/teams to take responsibility for their work
 Individual’s/team’s efforts and contributions are encouraged, and rewarded
 Ideas and information have received the acceptance and support of colleagues
LO4. Make informed decisions
 Information relevant to the issue(s) under consideration are gathered and organized.
 Individuals/teams have participated actively in the decision making processes.
 Options are examined and their associated risks assessed to determine preferred
course(s) of action
 Decisions are timely communicated clearly to individuals and/or teams
 Plans to implement decisions are prepared and agreed by relevant individuals/teams
 Feedback processes are used effectively to monitor the Implementation and impact
of decisions

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ANNEX: Resource requirements

HLT PHS4 M08 02 22 Managing Pharmaceutical Services

Recommended
Item Description/
Category/Item Quantity Ratio
No. Specifications
(Item: Trainee)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 1:1
2. Reference Book 1:5
Desselle and
Pharmacy Management –
Zgarrick, latest
2.1 Essentials for All Practice 5 1:5
edition
Settings
Managing drug supply, latest edition
2.2 management science for 5 1:5
health
Learning Facilities and
B.
Infrastructure
1. Classrooms Standard 1 1:25
2. Health facilities Standard
Drug retail outlets for Standard
3.
cooperative training
C. Consumable Materials
1 Flipchart Standard 5 1:5
2 Markers Different types
3 Checklist Standard 25 1:1
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Computer Standard 1 1:25
2. LCD projector Standard 1 1:25
3. Flipchart stand Standard 1 1:25
4 White and/or Black board Standard 1 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 9
TVET-PROGRAMME TITLE: Pharmacy level-IV
MODULE TITLE : Managing Community Health Service
MODULE CODE : HLT PHS4 M09 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 72 Horus
MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required to
manage health service of the area to improve quality of service.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Follow organizational guidelines, understand health policy and service delivery system
LO2. Plan, manage, monitor and evaluate health system
LO3. Lead and build individual’s and team’s capacity
MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Follow Organizational Guidelines, Understand Health Policy and Service Delivery
System
1.1 Recognizing the policy and organization of the health care system
1.2 Discussing primary healthcare in Ethiopia
1.3 Identifying elements of primary health care
1.4 Describing health service extension program
1.5 Tracking workplace instructions and policies
1.6 Enduring organizational programs and procedures
1.7 Using organizational resources
1.8 Identifying equity issues in population health
1.9 Describing basic principles of leadership

LO2. Plan, Manage, Monitor and Evaluate Health System

2.1. Demanding management skills to bring efficient health care system
2.2. Planning Health programs
2.3. Managing Resources
2.4. Developing individual and team capacity
2.5. Resolving issues promptly and effectively
2.6. Developing health service monitoring and evaluation mechanism

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LO3. Lead and Build Individual’s and Team’s Capacity
3.1. Identifying Self- improvement areas
3.2. Identifying goals and objectives of learning and development program
3.3. Identifying and implementing, learning and development needs
3.4. Providing coaching and mentoring
3.5. Developing joint action plans
3.6. Allocating duties and responsibilities
3.7. Attaining organizational goals through collaborative efforts
3.8. Developing feedback mechanism

LEARNING METHODS:
 Lecture-discussion
 Demonstration
 Group discussion
 Exercise
 Individual assignment

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Interview
 Written test
 Demonstration/Observation

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO.1 Follow organizational guidelines, understand health policy and service delivery
system
 The policy and organization of the health care system of Ethiopia is comprehended
 Primary healthcare in Ethiopia is understood
 Elements of primary health care are identified
 Health service extension program is understood
 Workplace instructions and policies are followed.
 Organizational programs and procedures are supported within the job role.
 Organizational resources are used for the purpose intended
 equity issues in population health are identified
 basic principles of leadership are described
LO2. Plan, manage, monitor and evaluate health system
 Management skills required to bring about efficient health care system are dealt with
 Health programs are planned
 Resources for health care are managed
 Individual and team capacity is developed
 Issues raised through participation and consultation are resolved promptly and effectively
 Health service monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are developed
LO3. Lead and build individual’s and team’s capacity
 Self- improvement areas are identified based on individual’s self- performance evaluation.
 Learning and development needs are systematically identified and implemented in line with
organizational requirements
 Learning and development program goals and objectives are identified to match the specific
knowledge and skills requirements of competence standards
 Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring are provided to facilitate
individual and team achievement of competencies
 Joint action plans are developed by team and individuals.
 Duties and responsibilities are allocated based on the skills, knowledge and aptitude required
to properly undertake the assigned task as well as considering individual’s preference,
 Collaborative efforts are made to attain organizational goals
 Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify challenges, develop interventional
strategies, and implement them to bring about improvement.

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ANNEX: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
HLT PHS4 M09 02 22: Managing Community Health Service
Recommend
Ite
ed Ratio
m Category/Item Description/ Specifications Quantity
(Item:
No.
Learner)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
National health policy guidelines
2. Reference Books 5 1:5
SBCC modules
Health Indicators/latest
Journals/Publication/
3. EDHS,2016 Fact sheets 5 1:5
Magazines
Standard formats
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1. Lecture Room 5*5m 1 1:25
2. Library Standard (colleges library) 1
Consumable
C.
Materials
1. Paper A4 5rim 1:5
2. Pen
3 Pencil and rubber As required
4 Graph paper
5 Bucher paper 10 1:3
6 Marker 12 per pack
7 Printer ink 4
8 White board marker 6 per pack 15
9 Plaster Rol3
Tools and
D.
Equipment’s
1. Computer Lap top 1 1:25
2. LCD projector LCD Projector 1 1:25
3. Printer 1 1:25
4 Photocopy machine 1 1:25
5 Scanner Smart 1 1:25
6 Hard disk 500 GB 1 1:25
7 White board 110X80mm 1 1:25

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 LEARNING MODULE 10
TVET-PROGRAM TITLE: Pharmacy Level IV
MODULE TITLE: Preventing and Eliminating MUDA
MODULE CODE: HLT PHS4 M10 02 22
NOMINAL DURATION: 56 Hours

MODULE DESCRIPTION: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required by
a worker to prevent and eliminate MUDA/wastes in his/her workplace by applying scientific
problem-solving techniques and tools to enhance quality, productivity and other kaizen elements
on continual basis. It covers responsibility for the day-to-day operation of the work and ensures
Kaizen Elements are continuously improved and institutionalized.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module the learner will be able to:
LO1. Prepare for work
LO2. Identify MUDA and problem
LO3. Analyze causes of a problem
LO4. Eliminate MUDA and Assess effectiveness of the solution
LO5. Prevent occurrence of wastes and sustain operation

MODULE CONTENTS:
LO1. Prepare for work
1.1 Using work instructions.
1.2 Reading and interpreting Job specification
1.3 Observing OHS requirements
1.4 Selecting appropriate material
1.5 Safety equipment and tools

LO2. Identify MUDA and problem

2.1 Preparing and implementing Plan of MUDA.
2.2 Causes and effects of MUDA.
2.3 Tools and techniques to draw &analyze current situation.
2.4 Identifying and measuring waste/MUDA.

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 2.5 Relevant procedures of identifying &measuring MUDA.
2.6 Reporting Identified and measured wastes

LO3. Analyze causes of a problem

3.1 Listing possible case of the problems.
3.2 Analyzing Cause relationships using4M1E.
3.3 Identifying Causes of the problems
3.4 Select the root cause
3.5 Listing all possible ways to eliminate the most critical root cause
3.6 Testing and evaluating the solutions
3.7 Action plan summaries.

LO4. Eliminate MUDA and Assess effectiveness of the solution

4.1 Preparing and implementing elimination plan of MUDA
4.2 Necessary attitude to eliminate MUDA
4.3 The ten basic principles to eliminate MUDA
4.4 Tools and techniques to eliminate wastes/MUDA.
4.5 Reducing and eliminating Wastes/MUDA.
4.6 Reporting Improvements.

LO5. Prevent occurrence of wastes and sustain operation

4.1 Preparing and implementing prevention plan of MUDA.
4.2 Discussing and preparing standards for
4.2.1 Machines
4.2.2 Operations
4.2.3 Defining normal and abnormal conditions.
4.2.4 Clerical procedures and procurement.
4.3 Visual and auditory control methods.
4.4 Using 5W and 1H sheet for waste-free workplace
4.5 Doing completion of required operation.
4.6 Updating of standard procedures and practices.
4.7 Ensuring capability of the work team

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LEARNING METHODS:
 Lecture-discussion
 Demonstration
 Group discussion
 Exercise
 Individual assignment
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
 Interview
 Written test
 Demonstration/Observation

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
LO1. Prepare for work
 Work instructions are used to determine job requirements, including method, material and
equipment.
 Job specifications are read and interpreted following working manual.
 OHS requirements, including dust and fume collection, breathing apparatus and eye and
ear personal protection needs are observed throughout the work.
 Appropriate material is selected for work.
 Safety equipment and tools are identified and checked for safe and effective operation.

LO2. Identify MUDA and problem

 Plan of MUDA and problem identification is prepared and implemented.
 Causes and effects of MUDA are discussed.
 All possible problems related to the process /Kaizen elements are listed using statistical
tools and techniques.
 All possible problems related to kaizen elements are identified
 Are used to draw and analyze current and listed on Visual Management Board/Kaizen
Board.
 Tools and techniques situation of the work place.
 Wastes/MUDA are identified and measured based on relevant procedures.
 Identified and measured wastes are reported to relevant personnel

LO3. Analyze causes of a problem

 All possible causes of a problem are listed.
 Cause relationships are analyzed using4M1E.
 Causes of the problems are identified.
 The root cause which is most directly related to the problem is selected.
 All possible ways are listed using creative idea generation to eliminate the most critical root
cause.
 The suggested solutions are carefully tested and evaluated for potential complications.
 Detailed summaries of the action plan are prepared to implement the suggested solution.

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LO4. Eliminate MUDA and Assess effectiveness of the solution
 Plan of MUDA elimination is prepared and implemented by medium KPT members.
 Necessary attitude and the ten basic principles for improvement are adopted to eliminate
waste/MUDA.
 Tools and techniques are used to eliminate wastes/MUDA based on the procedures and
OHS.
 Wastes/MUDA are reduced and eliminated in accordance with OHS and organizational
requirements.
 Tangible and intangible results are identified.
 Tangible results are compared with targets using various types of diagrams.
 Improvements gained by elimination of waste/MUDA are reported to relevant bodies.

LO5. Prevent occurrence of wastes and sustain operation

 Plan of MUDA prevention is prepared and implemented.
 Standards required for machines, operations, defining normal and abnormal conditions,
clerical procedures and procurement are discussed and prepared.
 Occurrences of wastes/MUDA are prevented by using visual and auditory control methods.
 Waste-free workplace is created using 5W and 1Hsheet.
 The completion of required operation is done in accordance with standard procedures and
practices.
 The updating of standard procedures and practices is facilitated.
 The capability of the work team that aligns with the requirements of the procedure is
ensured and trained on the new Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

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ANNEX: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

HLT PHS4 M10 02 22 Preventing and Eliminating MUDA

Item Category/Item Description/ Specifications Quantity Recommended
No. Ratio
(Item: Learner)
A. Learning Materials
1. TTLM 25 1:1
 National health policy
2. Reference Books  Guidelines 5 1:5
 HES Training modules
 Health Indicators/latest
Journals/Publication/  EDHS,2016
3. 5 1:5
Magazines  Fact sheets
 Standard formats
Learning Facilities &
B.
Infrastructure
1. Lecture Room Standard 1 1:25
2. Library Standard (colleges library) 1
3. Demonstration room 1 1:25
C. Consumable Materials
1. Paper A4 5rim 1:5
2. Pen
As
3 Pencil and rubber
required
4 Graph paper
12 per
5 Marker
pack
6 Printer ink 4
7 White board marker 6 per pack 15
8 Plaster Rol3
As
9 Medical supplies
required
D. Tools and Equipment
1. Computer Lap top 1 1:25
2. LCD projector LCD Projector 1 1:25
3. Printer 1 1:25
4 Photocopy machine 1 1:25
5 Scanner Standard 1 1:25
6 Hard disk 1 TB 1 1:25
7 White board 110X80mm 1 1:25

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Acknowledgement

The Ministry of Health and Ministry of labor and skill wishes to extend thanks and
appreciation to the many representatives of industry, academe and government agencies who
donated their time and expertise to the development of this Model Curriculum for the TVET
Programme Pharmacy Level IV.

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 The trainers who developed the curriculum
No Name Qualific Educational Region College Mobile E-mail
number
ation background
1 Demile Abate MSc Pharmacist A.A EPA 0902427607 demleabate88@gmail.com

2 Ayalew Sirbemo MSc Pharmacist Amhara D/Birhan Health 0916690925 ayalew007@gmail.com

Science College
3 Daba Zeleke B.Pharm Pharmacist Oromia Nekemte Health 0911033889 daba.zeleke@gmail.com
Science College
4 Mohibon Dinkneh B.Pharm Pharmacist Oromia Negelle Health 0964705332 moidrpharm6@gmail.com
Science College
5 Kenei Geneti B.Pharm Pharmacist A.A N/S/L 02 HC 0941962108 genetikenei@gmail.com

This model curriculum was developed on February 2022 at Adama Dembel View International Hotel, Ethiopia.

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