FF REVIEWER • In the person of His minister

• In the Eucharistic species (bread and

Liturgy & Sacraments wine)
The Celebration of the Christian Mystery • In the congregation gathered together
in His name (SC 7; CCC 1088)
What is Liturgy? • In HIS word
Leitourgia
(Greek) “public work” or “service in the GOD THE HOLY SPIRIT: Sanctifier in the Liturgy
name of/on behalf of the people.” • prepares the Church to encounter the
Lord;
In the Christian tradition, it means the • recalls and makes Christ manifest to the
participation of the People of God in the work of faith of the assembly.
God (CCC 1069). • makes Christ’s mystery present in the
here and the now
Christ continues the work of redemption in the • unites the Church to the life and mission
Liturgy of Christ.
The Liturgy is also an action of his Church.
It makes the Church present and The Holy Spirit prepares the Church to
manifests her as the visible sign of the encounter Christ
communion in Christ between God and men. It The Jewish Liturgy is similar to the Christian
engages the faithful in the new life of the Liturgy
community and involves the “conscious, active, • Reverence for Sacred Scriptures (Old
and fruitful participation” of everyone. CCC 1071 Testament and Psalms)
• Recalling the saving events and
Nature / Work of the Holy Trinity
significant realities
GOD THE FATHER: Source and Goal of the
o Noah’s Ark and the Great Flood–
Liturgy
Salvation by Baptism
• The source of all blessing is the Father. o Manna from Heaven – Holy
• The whole of God’s work is a blessing. Eucharist
• In the Church’s Liturgy, the divine o Crossing of the Red Sea and
blessing is fully revealed and Exodus – Liberation from sin and
communicated. death
• The Father is acknowledged and adored o Passover – Christ’s Death and
as the source and the end of all the Resurrection
blessings of creation and salvation. • Celebrated in seasons
• The Church blesses the Father by her The Holy Spirit disposes us: awakens our
worship, praise, and thanksgiving and faith, converts our hearts, and lets us adhere to
begs him for the gift of his Son and the the Father’s will.
Holy Spirit. (CCC 1077-1083)
GOD THE SON: Eternal High Priest in the Liturgy The Holy Spirit recalls and makes Christ
• In the liturgy of the Church, it is manifest to the faith of the assembly
principally Christ’s Paschal mystery that • The Liturgy is a memorial of the
he signifies and makes present. mysteries of salvation
• Christ acts through the sacraments. He is • He gives us spiritual understanding of
always present in the Church. the Word to those who hear or read it
The four modes of Christ’s Presence in the • He is the Church’s living memory
Liturgy • He gives us the grace of faith.

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 Sacramental Liturgy
The Holy Spirit makes the mystery of Christ Celebrated by the Church on Earth with
present in the here and the now Christ as head
Anamnesis There are different functions for each
actualizes all that Christ has done; the member. Those in the Holy Order stand in the
making present of the mysteries. Person of Christ the Head (in Persona Christi
Epiclesis capitis)
invocation upon the bread and wine to
transform it into Christ’s Body and Blood; also a How is the Liturgy celebrated?
prayer that the assembly may be united to Christ. • Signs & symbols
• Words & Actions
The Paschal Mystery is celebrated, not repeated. • Singing & music
The Holy Spirit’s outpouring makes each • Holy images
celebration unique.
By signs and symbols
The Holy Spirit brings us into communion with As an embodied being, man expresses
Christ and perceives spiritual realities through physical
The Holy Spirit brings us into signs and symbols
communion with Christ and with one another. God speaks through visible creation
Liturgy is the most intimate cooperation As a social being, man needs symbols to
of the Holy Spirit and the Church. communicate
Sacramental signs: The Holy Spirit
The Liturgy: Source of Ecclesial Life carries on the work of sanctification through
The Liturgy is the summit toward which sacramental signs
the activity of the Church is directed; at the same
time, it is the font from which all her power flows. By words and actions
(SC 10) Celebrations are a dialogue of God with
his children
Purpose of the Liturgy God’s word is read and the assembly
1. The glory of God responds through acclamations, psalms, litanies,
2. The sanctification of the faithful and profession of faith.

Celebrating the Church’s Liturgy By singing and music

• Who celebrates? Music is greater than any other art
• How is it celebrated? Jewish Liturgies are also celebrated in
• When is it celebrated? songs.
• Where is it celebrated?
Criteria for Liturgical Music
Who celebrates the Liturgy? • Beauty expressive of prayer
The whole Christ (Christus Totus) Head • Unanimous participation of the
and the body, celebrates the Liturgy assembly
• Solemn character of the celebration
Heavenly Liturgy • Expression of culture
No signs and symbols; celebration is • Drawn from Catholic sources -
wholly communion and feast Scripture/ Liturgical texts
Christ, Blessed Virgin Mary, Blessed
Joseph, the blessed apostles, glorious martyrs, By holy images
and all the angels and saints.
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 Images represent Christ the Incarnate Ordinary Time
Word and the saints • Do not celebrate a specific aspect of the
We adore the Divine Person represented; mystery of Christ. Rather, especially on
likewise, we venerate the saint the Sundays, they are devoted to the
The beauty of the images moves us to mystery of Christ in all its aspects.
contemplation • Composed of 34 Sundays.
Sunday
When is the Liturgy celebrated? • The Lord’s Day
The Liturgical Year is made special by • Weekly commemoration of the Lord’s
cycles of celebrations commemorating the lives resurrection
of Jesus and His mother, the angels, and the • First day of the week when God created
legion of Saints who modeled lives of sanctity. light.
It is different from the civil calendar year.
Where is it celebrated?
Liturgical Seasons The Church
• Advent • House of prayer
• Christmas • Place of gathering, personal prayer, and
• Lent worship
• Easter Triduum • A symbol of the heavenly Jerusalem
• Easter
• Ordinary Time The spiritual life, however, is not limited
solely to participation in the liturgy. The Christian
Advent is indeed called to pray with his brethren, but he
• From Latin “adventus” – coming must also enter into his chamber to pray to the
• Has a twofold character: as a season to Father, in secret (SC 12)
prepare for Christmas when Christ's first
coming to us is remembered; as a season A church is a house of prayer in which the
that directs us to await Christ's Second Eucharist is celebrated and reserved, where the
Coming at the end of time. faithful assemble, and where we worship the
Christmas presence of the Son of God our Savior, offered
• The celebration of the Nativity of Christ. for us on the sacrificial altar for the help and
Begins with the Vigil Mass of Christmas consolation of the faithful.
on Dec. 24 and ends with the Feast of the
Lord’s Baptism. What do we see inside the Church?
Lent • Altar
• 40-day penitential season, marked with • Tabernacle
prayer, fasting, and almsgiving. • Chair (Cathedra)
• Begins with Ash Wednesday and ends • Ambo (Lectern)
before the evening Mass of the Lord’s • Altar Crucifix
Supper on Holy Thursday • Statues and images
Easter • Candles
• The fifty days are celebrated in joyful • Sanctuary lamp
exultation as one feast day, or better as • Baptistery
one “great Sunday.” • Confessional
• Begins with Easter Sunday and ends on • Pews
Pentecost Sunday • Stations of the Cross
• Symbol: Paschal Candle

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The table of the Lord
• It is the center of the church where the Celebrating the Church’s Liturgy
sacrifice of the Cross is made present Popular devotions of the Christian
under sacramental signs people are to be highly commended, provided
Tabernacle they accord with the laws and norms of the
• Used to reserve the Eucharist outside of Church, above all when they are ordered by the
Mass Apostolic See. (SC 13)
• This provides a location where the
Eucharist can be kept for the adoration The Liturgy is:
of the faithful and for later use (e.g., 1. The official public worship of the Blessed
distribution to the sick). Trinity
Chair (Latin - Cathedra) 2. By the whole Church, through the
• Expresses the bishop’s or priest’s office celebration of Christ’s Paschal mystery
of presiding over the assembly and of 3. In a Sacramental, symbolic activity.
directing prayer 4. With intrinsic, moral/ethical links
Altar Crucifix (compelling us as disciples of Christ in
• The representation of the sacrifice of faith, hope and love)
Jesus Christ that should always be 5. In a built-in eschatological orientation
present in every Mass toward perfect fulfillment in the future
Status and images (Christ is made present but pointing to
• Represent holy men and women who the future glory that is yet to come).
are intercessors and models for the
Christian faithful The Liturgy Challenge/s
Candles That all the faithful be led to that full,
• Used in Catholic celebrations to signify conscious and active participation in liturgical
Christ as the light of the world celebrations
Sanctuary lamp
• A small candle left lit near the tabernacle The Liturgy Obstacles
indicating the presence of Christ in the Human laziness and weakness with
Blessed Sacrament secularist materialis
Baptistery More personal obstacles (‘Why do I have
• A place for the celebration of baptism to …?’) And the superficiality (e.g. showing off
and for fostering remembrance of the new clothes or having something to post)
baptismal promises, usually surrounding Obstacles posed by the Liturgy itself e.g.
the baptismal font many routines, uninspiring liturgies, lacking all
Confessional spirit and heart
• An enclosed stall divided by a screen
But we have to remember that praising
where people confess their sins to a
God does not always come natural to many
priest.
modern man. Liturgy is about God and opening
Pews
ourselves to His presence all the seasons
• Long benches with kneelers, placed in
rows used to seat the congregation
We can take delight in our praise if our
Stations of the Cross
focus is more of HIM and less of ourselves, yet
• Fourteen images representing the
mindful that all symbols, signs and gestures point
passion, death, and resurrection of
to the mystery of God and His presence in our
Christ usually placed at the walls of the
lives.
church

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Sacraments Sacraments are “powers that
comes forth” from the Body of Christ,
What do we mean by Sacrament? which is ever-living and life-giving.
The Sacraments are actions of
Jesus Christ: The Primordial Sacrament the Holy Spirit at work in the Body of
• He is the Sacrament of God’s love to men Christ, the Church.
and man’s response to God. They are “the masterworks of
• He is the fullest expression of all the God” in the new and everlasting
Sacraments. covenant.
• He is the central and decisive event in 2. The Sacraments are for the Church
the whole history of salvation. The sacraments are “of the
• He is the realization of God’s plan of love, Church” in the double sense that they
His purpose of grace, in spite of sin, to are “by her” and “for her.”
call men to perfect communion with Him. They are “by the Church” for she
• He became the sensible, visible and is the sacrament of Christ's action at
public form of God’s self-communication work in her through the mission of the
of love and grace. Holy Spirit.
• He is therefore the source, primary They are “for the Church” in the
agent and goal of all sacramental sense that “the sacraments make the
activities Church,” since they manifest and
communicate to men, above all in the
If Jesus Christ is the Primordial Sacrament, it Eucharist, the mystery of communion
necessarily means that the Seven Ritual with the God who is love, One in three
Sacraments… persons.
1. Arise from the Saving Ministry of Christ. 3. The Sacraments are for the
2. Are continued in, by and for the Church. Sanctification of All
3. Form us in likeness to Christ in the The purpose of the sacraments
Paschal Mystery is to sanctify men, to build up the Body
of Christ and, finally, to give worship to
Church: The Basic or Fundamental Sacrament God. Because they are signs they also
(CFC 1517) instruct.
By her relationship with Christ, The They not only presuppose faith,
Church is both a sacramental sign and an but by words and objects they also
instrument of intimate union with God, and of nourish, strengthen, and express it. That
the unity of all mankind. (GS 42) is why they are called ‘sacraments of
faith’
The Paschal Mystery in the Church’s 4. The Sacraments are necessary for
Sacraments Salvation
1. The Sacraments are instituted by Jesus Celebrated worthily in faith, the
Christ sacraments confer the grace that they
“Adhering to the teaching of the signify. They are efficacious because in
Holy Scriptures, to the apostolic them Christ himself is at work: it is he
traditions, and to the consensus . . . of who baptizes, he who acts in his
the Fathers, we profess that the sacraments in order to communicate the
sacraments of the new law were . . . all grace that each sacrament signifies.
instituted by Jesus Christ our Lord.” The sacraments work ex opere
operato (literally: "by the very fact of the
action's being performed"), i.e., by

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 virtue of the saving work of Christ, • Valid form - The essential words cannot
accomplished once for all. It follows that be changed: for instance, “This is my
"the sacrament is not wrought by the body…this is my blood” and “I baptize
righteousness of either the celebrant or you in the name of the Father, and of the
the recipient, but by the power of God.” Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”
“Sacramental grace” is the grace • Valid intention - The intention to do
of the Holy Spirit, given by Christ and what the Church does.
proper to each sacrament. the Spirit
heals and transforms those who receive Sacraments of Initiation
him by conforming them to the Son of Baptism
God. • Holy Baptism is the basis of the whole
5. The Sacraments of Eternal Life Christian life, the gateway to life in Spirit,
In the celebration of the and the door which gives access to other
Sacraments we, believe the Church Sacraments. (CCC 1213)
already receives the guarantee of her • Baptism is the sacrament of
inheritance and even now shares in regeneration through water in the word
everlasting life. The sacraments are • Also called “, the washing of
celebrated in anticipation of eternal regeneration and renewal by the Holy
happiness. They unite us with the Holy Spirit”
Trinity. • The essential rite of Baptism is consists
in immersing the candidate in water or
The 7 Ritual Sacraments pouring water on his head, while
The Seven Ritual Sacraments are pronouncing the invocation of the Most
“actions of Christ and of the Church which unite Holy Trinity: The Father, the Son, and the
us to Christ by the power of the Holy Spirit, and Holy Spirit.
incorporate us into his Body, the Church”
• BAPTISM
• CONFIRMATION (Chrismation)
• THE EUCHARIST
• HOLY ORDERS
• MATRIMONY
• PENANCE
• THE ANOINTING OF THE SICK

Matter and Form of the Sacramental Sign

• Matter is the material and sensible Effects of Baptism
action or gesture. • Forgiveness of original sin and all
• Form is the accompanying words that personal sins
declare the special meaning of that • Birth into the new life by which man
external action or gesture. becomes an adoptive son of the Father
• Becoming a part of Christ’s body
What is Required for a Valid Sacrament? • Becoming a temple of the Holy Spirit
• Valid matter - i.e., “the right stuff.” For • Incorporation into the Church
instance, the Eucharist must be made of • Made a sharer in the priesthood of Christ
wheat bread and grape wine, and Baptism imprints on the soul an indelible
Baptism must be in water. spiritual sign, the character, which consecrates
the baptized person for Christian world.

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 • Thus, he entrusted to his Church this
Confirmation memorial of his death and Resurrection.
• By the Sacrament of Confirmation, the • It is a sign of unity, a bond of charity, a
baptized are more perfectly bound to paschal banquet, in which Christ is
the Church and are enriched with a consumed, the mind is filled with grace,
special strength of the Holy Spirit. (CCC and a pledge of future glory is given to us.
1285)
• It is called Chrismation (in the Eastern
Churches: Anointing with holy myron or
chrism) because the essential rite of the
sacrament is anointing with chrism.
• It is called Confirmation because it
confirms and strengthens baptismal
grace.

Effects of the Eucharist

• Increases our union with Christ and with
his Church;
• Nourishment of spiritual life;
• Medicine of immortality,
• Separation from sin, removal of venial
sin,
• Spiritual strength
Effects of Confirmation • Union of the Body into One
• The effect of Confirmation is a special • Strengthens us in charity (CCC 1391-
outpouring of the Holy Spirit like that of 1401).
Pentecost.
• This outpouring impresses on the soul an Transubstantiation
indelible character and produces a Transubstantiation means the change of
growth in the grace of Baptism. the whole substance of bread into the substance
• It roots the recipient more deeply in of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance
divine sonship, binds him more firmly to of wine into the substance of his Blood. This
Christ and to the Church and change is brought about in the eucharistic prayer
reinvigorates the gifts of the Holy Spirit through the efficacy of the word of Christ and by
in his soul. the action of the Holy Spirit. However, the
• It gives a special strength to witness to outward characteristics of bread and wine, that
the Christian faith. is the “eucharistic species”, remain unaltered.

Holy Eucharist Sacraments of Healing

• The Eucharist is the very sacrifice of the Reconciliation
Body and Blood of the Lord Jesus which • It is called the sacrament of conversion
he instituted to perpetuate the sacrifice because it makes sacramentally present
of the cross throughout the ages until his Jesus' call to conversion, the first step in
return in glory. returning to the Father from whom one
has strayed by sin.

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 • It is called the sacrament of Penance, • Remission of the eternal punishment
since it consecrates the Christian merited by mortal sins, and
sinner's personal and ecclesial steps of • Remission, at least in part, of the
conversion, penance, and satisfaction. temporal punishment which is the
• It is called the sacrament of confession, consequence of sin;
since the disclosure or confession of sins • Peace, serenity of conscience and
to a priest is an essential element of this spiritual consolation; and
sacrament. In a profound sense it is also • An increase of spiritual strength for the
a "confession" - acknowledgment and struggle of Christian living (CCC 1468-
praise - of the holiness of God and of his 1470, 1496)
mercy toward sinful man.
Acts of Penitent Indulgences (CCC 1471-1479, 1498)
• examination of conscience; Indulgences are the remission before
• contrition (or repentance), God of the temporal punishment due to sins
• confession whose guilt has already been forgiven. The
• satisfaction or the carrying out of certain faithful Christian who is duly disposed gains the
acts of penance indulgence under prescribed conditions for
Which sins must be confessed? either himself or the departed. Indulgences are
• All grave sins not yet confessed. granted through the ministry of the Church
• The confession of venial sins is also which, as the dispenser of the grace of
strongly recommended by the Church, redemption, distributes the treasury of the
even if this is not strictly necessary. merits of Christ and the Saints.
Is a confessor bound to secrecy?
• Given the delicacy and greatness of this Anointing of the Sick
ministry and the respect due to people • Having received from the Lord the
every confessor, without any exception charge to heal the sick, the Church
and under very severe penalties, is strives to carry it out by taking care of
bound to maintain “the sacramental seal” the sick and accompanying them with
which means absolute secrecy about the her prayer of intercession. Above all, the
sins revealed to him in confession Church possesses a sacrament
specifically intended for the benefit of
the sick. (CCC 1506-1513,1526-1527)

Effects of Reconciliation
• Reconciliation with God and therefore
the forgiveness of sins; Effects of the Anointing of the Sick
• Reconciliation with the Church; • Confers a special grace which unites the
• Recovery, if it has been lost, of the state sick person more intimately to the
of grace;

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 Passion of Christ for his good and for the to share with the Pope and the other
good of all the Church bishops care for all the churches
• It gives comfort, peace, courage, and • Ordination to priesthood (Presbyterate)
even the forgiveness of sins if the sick - As a co-worker of the order of bishops
person is not able to make a confession. he is consecrated to preach the Gospel,
• Sometimes, if it is the will of God, this to celebrate divine worship, especially
sacrament even brings about the the Eucharist from which his ministry
restoration of physical health. draws its strength, and to be a shepherd
• In any case this Anointing prepares the of the faithful.
sick person for the journey to the • Ordination to Diaconate - The deacon,
Father’s House. *Viaticum - Holy configured to Christ the servant of all, is
Eucharist received by those who are ordained for service to the Church. He
about to leave this earthly life and are carries out this service under the
preparing for the journey to eternal life. authority of his proper bishop by the
ministry of the Word, of divine worship,
The Sacraments at the Service of Communion of pastoral care and of charity.
and Mission
Holy Orders Sacrament of Matrimony
• It is the sacrament through which the Christ not only restored the original
mission entrusted by Christ to his order of matrimony but raised it to the dignity of
apostles continues to be exercised in the a sacrament, giving spouses a special grace to
Church until the end of time. (CCC 1536) live out their marriage as a symbol of Christ’s
love for his bride the Church: “Husbands, love
your wives as Christ loves the Church”
(Ephesians 5:25).

Matrimonial Consent (CCC 1662-1663)

Matrimonial consent is given when a
man and a woman manifest the will to give
themselves to each other irrevocably in order to
live a covenant of faithful and fruitful love.

• This sacrament yields a special

outpouring of the Holy Spirit which
configures the recipient to Christ in his
triple office as Priest, Prophet, and King,
according to the respective degrees of
the sacrament.

Effects of the Holy Orders

• Episcopal ordination (Episcopate)-
confers the fullness of the sacrament of Effects of the Sacrament of Matrimony
Holy Orders. It makes the bishop a • The sacrament of Matrimony establishes
legitimate successor of the apostles and a perpetual and exclusive bond between
integrates him into the episcopal college the spouses. God himself seals the
consent of the spouses. Therefore, a

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 marriage which is ratified and
consummated between baptized
persons can never be dissolved.
• Furthermore, this sacrament bestows
upon the spouses the grace necessary to
attain holiness in their married life and
to accept responsibly the gift of children
and provide for their education.(CCC
1638- 1642).

Domestic Church
The Christian family is called the
domestic church because the family manifests
and lives out the communal and familial nature
of the Church as the family of God.

Reflections on the Sacraments in time of

pandemic
“The Lord asks us and, in the midst of our
tempest, invites us to reawaken and put into
practice that solidarity and hope capable of
giving strength, support and meaning to these
hours when everything seems to be floundering,
It means finding the courage to create spaces
where everyone can recognize that they are
called, and to allow new forms of hospitality,
fraternity and solidarity.”- Pope Francis
“In this time of pandemic, the Mass goes
on. Christ is still alive – filling the world with
grace. We, as members of the Mystical Body of
Christ through baptism, still have access to that
grace, although perhaps in ways we haven’t
thought of. Indeed, there is a real loss in not
being able to physically be present and drawing
close to Christ through our reception of
communion as He is present par excellence in
the Eucharist, but all is not lost. On the contrary,
we still are offered grace upon grace. Let us, then,
draw close to Jesus as we are able – through the
Word of God and through our spiritual
communions, and live in the grace offered.” -
Josh Perry, Director of worship for the Diocese of
Burlington.
“Despite these challenging times, the
Catholic Church will not cease in doing its
purpose of bringing the people closer to God.” -
Fr. Jerome Secillano, CBCP's Permanent
Committee on Public Affairs

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