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Dangerous Drugs Lecture 1

The document discusses dangerous drugs and their classification. It defines dangerous drugs as substances that affect the central nervous system and cause physical, emotional, or behavioral changes. Dangerous drugs are further classified into depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Specific examples of drugs from each category are provided like narcotics, barbiturates, and alcohol as depressants. The document also discusses tests used to identify different types of drugs like methamphetamine, opium, cocaine, and marijuana. Chemical precursors, solvents, catalysts, and reagents used in the production of illegal drugs are defined and examples given.

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Hannah Jean Esteban
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147 views33 pages

Dangerous Drugs Lecture 1

The document discusses dangerous drugs and their classification. It defines dangerous drugs as substances that affect the central nervous system and cause physical, emotional, or behavioral changes. Dangerous drugs are further classified into depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Specific examples of drugs from each category are provided like narcotics, barbiturates, and alcohol as depressants. The document also discusses tests used to identify different types of drugs like methamphetamine, opium, cocaine, and marijuana. Chemical precursors, solvents, catalysts, and reagents used in the production of illegal drugs are defined and examples given.

Uploaded by

Hannah Jean Esteban
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DANGEROUS DRUGS

Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology


Hannah Jeav V. Esteban, RCh, LPT - Instructor
DANGEROUS DRUGS
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
➢ known and cited as the "Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002".

➢Declassified RA 6425 classification into one


whole definition of dangerous drugs to
include ingredients and precursors or
chemical elements.
DANGEROUS DRUGS
❑A substance affecting the Central Nervous
System, which when taken into the human
body brings about physical, emotional, or
behavioral changes in a person taking it.

❑Refer to the broad categories or classes of


controlled substances.
Substances other than food or water that are intended to be
DRUGS taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or
controlling the recipient’s physical, mental or emotional state.

ADDICTIVE & Are drugs, whether natural or synthetic, with the physiological
DANGEROUS DRUGS effects of narcotics, stimulants, depressants or hallucinogens.

The moderate use of drugs for purposes of altering one’s


ADDICTIVE & personal state. When we take medicine to cure headaches,
DANGEROUS DRUGS fevers, colds and other common illnesses, this is already
considered as drug use.
The process of using any drug for purposes other than those for
ADDICTIVE & which it is normally intended or in a manner or quantity other
DANGEROUS DRUGS
than directed or prescribed.
DEPRESSANT – (downers)
➢ are group of drugs that has the effect of depressing the
Central nervous system.
➢ these are drugs which suppress vital body functions
especially those of the brain or central nervous system
with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing,
speech and muscular coordination.
➢ narcotics, barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol and other
volatile solvents
DEPRESSANT – (downers)
➢ Narcotics (opiates-morphine, heroin, codeine)
Sedatives-hypnotics/Tranquilizers
➢ Barbiturates (socobarbital, amobarbital)
➢ benzodiazepines( diazepam, flunitrazepam) alcohol
and other volatile solvents
STIMULANTS (uppers)
➢ are group of drugs having the effect of stimulating the
Central Nervous System.
➢ they produce effects opposite to that of depressants,
they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness,
reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being.
➢ Amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, methamphetamine
hydrochloride, nicotine
HALLUCINOGENS (psychedelics)
➢ are group of drugs that consists of a variety of mind-
altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound, space and sensation.
➢ drugs which affect sensation, thinking, selfawareness
and emotion
➢ Marijuana, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), peyote,
mescaline, Phencyclidine (PCP)
DRUG IDENTIFICATION
AND TESTS
❑Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (C10H15N HC1)
Commonly known as “Shabu”, usually comes in powder form or crystal form of
white color, has a bitter taste.

❖Examination used:
1. Chemical test or Color test – (Presumptive test)
a. Marquis test – used of Marquis reagent consisting of 8-10 drops of 40%
formaldehyde solution to 10ml of conc. Sulphuric acid. Both Amphetamine and
Methamphetamine give an immediate orange color turning to brown.

2. Simon’s test – used of Simons reagent


a. Solution 1 – 20% aqueous sodium carbonate
b. Solution 2 – 50% ethanolic acetaldehyde
c. Solution 3 – 1% aqueous sodium nitroprusside

POSITIVE RESULTS – appearance of immediate blue color for methamphetamine and


other secondary amines.
3. TLC – Thin Layer Chromatography

4. Instrumental Analysis using GCMS (Gas Chromatography


Mass Spectrophotometer) and FTIR (Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrophotometer)
OPIUM
❖Test for Opium, Opium alkaloids and their derivatives:
A. Marquis test Positive Result:
1. Heroin – purple violet
2. Opium – purple
3. Morphine – purple violet
4. Thebaine – orange
5. Codeine – purple
COCAINE
❖General test for Cocaine:
1. using Cobalt thiocyanate reagent – blue color

MARIJUANA
❖Chemical Test
a. Duquenois test- Positive result – violet color
b. Fast blue B salt – Positive result – purple red color
❖Microscopic Test – presence of non-glandular cystolithic hairs with a bear-claw shaped.
❖Thin Layer Chromatography test – an examination using Silica gel as a stationary phase
which allows the components of a substance to separate at their specific Rf value using a
locator reagent.
CHEMICAL PRECURSORS:

Precursors – a substance performing a specific and essential purpose in


the manufacture of a finished chemical product. It is incorporated in the
molecule of the drug and contributes much to the final molecular structure.
This term commonly used to refer to:
1. Essential Chemical Substance
2. Reagents,
3. Solvents, and C
4. catalysts,
combined to form the final product ( Illicit drugs and Psychotropic
substances
SOLVENTS – are liquids used to solubilize reactants chemicals and which are used as
carriers during reaction. They do not react and incorporated into a molecular structure
of a drug. They are also used to purify end products.

Ex. Solvents: Product:


Acetone Cocaine/Heroin/Meth
Chloroform Cocaine/Meth
Ethyl Ether Cocaine/Heroin/Meth
Methyl Alcohol Cocaine/Meth/Amphet
Pyridine Heroin
CATALYSTS – are substances that enables a reaction to take place. They promote
faster reaction and increase the yield of the product. They are utilized in small
quantities in the reaction.
Ex. Palladium – Amphetamine, Methamphetamine
ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS – a raw material that takes part in a reaction and
contributes a minor portion of the final product. They have usually a widespread
industrial applications.
Ex. Acetic Anhydride – Heroin
Diethylamine – LSD
Methylamine – Methamphetamine

REAGENTS – is a chemical used to complete a reaction, usually with one or more


precursors. They contribute to only a very small part of the finished product.
Ex. Reagent: Product:
Acetic Acid Cocaine
Ammonium Hydroxide Cocaine
Hydrochloric Acid Cocaine/Heroin

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