CALORIMETRY

 Heat is a form of energy in transit, that flows from  Water has largest specific heat among solids and
a body at high temperature to a body at low liquids. So it is used as coolant in automobile
temperature. radiators.
 The S.I. Unit of heat is Joule (J)  Among solids, liquids, and gases specific heat is
 The C.G..S. Unit of heat is calorie (Cal) maximum for Hydrogen. (3.5 Cal/g- º C ) and
1 Cal = 4.186 J  4.2J minimum for radon, actinium. (  0.022 Cal/g- º C )
 The quantity of heat required to warm a given  Specific heat slightly increases with increase of
substance depends on its mass ( m), the change temperature.
in temperature    and nature of the substance.  Among liquids specific heat is minimum for
i.e  Q  mS   mercury.
 The value of specific heat may lie between 0 and
Where Q  quantity of heat gained .
m = mass of substance  In isothermal process, the value of specific heat is
 = rise in temperature infinity but in adiabatic process its value is zero.
S= specific heat (depends on nature of the  Specific heat of all substances is zero at 0K.
material)  Substances with highest specific heat are bad
conductors of heat and with low specific heat are
Specific Heat good thermal and electrical conductors.
 The amount of heat required to raise the  The substance with large specific heat warms up
temperature of unit mass of a substance slowly and cools down slowly.
through 10C is called specific heat of the material S.No. Substance Specific heat
of the body. CGS Value S.I Value
1 Q a) Water 1cal g-1 0C-1 4186 JKg-1 K-1
S
m  b) Ice 0.5 cal g-1 0C-1 2100 Jkg-1 K-1
 The S.I unit of S is J/kg- k c) Steam 0.47 cal g-1 0C-1 1970 Jkg-1 K-1
 The C.G.S unit of S is Cal./g- 0c Thermal capacity or Heat capacity
 Dimensional formula of S is L T  2 2 1
 It is the amount of heat required to raise the
 Molar specific heat capacity temperature of the body by 10C
1 Q Q
C (n = number of moles) H
n  
 The SI unit of C is J/mole - K  The S.I.unit of H is JK-1
 The C.G.S. unit of C is Cal / mole - º C  The C.G.S unit of H is cal oc-1
 Dimensional formula of C is ML2T 2 1mole 1  Dimensional formula of H is ML2T 2 1
 Gases will have two specific heats  Thermal capacity depends on mass and nature of
(i) Specific heat at constant volume (Cv) the substance.
(ii) Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp). Water equivalent
 Specific heat depends only on the nature of material  Mass of water which has same thermal capacity
and temperature. Usually temperature dependence as that of the substance is called water equivalent
of specific heat is neglected.
 It is numerically equal to heat capacity (ms) in CGS
 If specific heat varies with temperature then heat units
energy given to substance is
 The S.I unit of water equivalent is kg
2
 The C.G.S unit of water equivalent is g.
Q  m  Sd
1

1
 Dimensional formula of water equivalent is EX. 4: Two spheres of radii in the ratio 1:2, have
specific heats in the ratio 2:3. The densities
ML0T 0
are in the ratio 3:4. Find the ratio of their
 If mW , ms are masses of water and substance and thermal capacities.
SW , S S are their specific heats respectively then, Sol: Thermal capacity of a body = mS.
The ratio of thermal capacities
mW  SW    mS S S  
4 3
V1 1 S1
 r1 1 S1  r 3     S 
 mW  1  mS S S ,  mW  mS S S m1 S1
  3   1   1  1 
m 2 S 2 V2  2 S 2 4  r 3  S  r2    2   S 2  .
EX.1:A lead piece of mass 25g gives out 1200 3
2 2 2

calories of heat when it is cooled from 900 C

r1 1 S1 2 1 3
to 100 C . What is its (i) specific heat (ii) ther-- Here, r  2 ; S  3 ;   4
2 2 2
mal capacity (iii) water equivalent.
Sol: Mass of lead piece (m) = 25 g = 0.025 kg The ratio of thermal capacities
3
Heat energy given out  dQ   1200  4.2 J  1   3  2 
= 2     
1
4
     3 1 6
1 dQ
(i) specific heat S  CALORIMETRY
m d
 Calorimetry means measurement of heat.
1 1200  4.2  A device in which heat measurement can be made
   2520JKg 1 K 1
0.025 80 is called “ calorimeter” .
(ii) Thermal capacity = mS = 0.025  2520 Law of method of mixtures (or)
= 63 J/K Principle of calorimetry
63  If two liquids at different temperatures are mixed
(iii) Water equivalent Kg  0.015 Kg together, the heat lost by hot body is equal to the
4200
heat gained by the cold body. This is called law
EX.2 : The specific heat of a substance varies as
of method of mixtures.
 3 2

  103 cal /g º C. What is the amount  When three substances of different masses m1,
of heat required to raise the temperature of m2 and m3 ,specific heats S1,S2,S3 and at different
1kg of substance from 10ºC to 20ºC? temperatures 1 , 2 , and 3 respectively are
Sol.:For small change in temperature d  , heat mixed, then the resultant temperature is
required, dQ  mSd . m1S11  m2 S22  m3S33
 (when state of
2 m1S1  m2 S2  m3S3
 Q   mSd
1
contents does not change)
 Two liquids of masses m 1 and m 2 and specific
2 20
20

 
Q   1000 3 2   103 d   3 
2
heats S1 and S 2 respectively are mixed. Then
10 10 the specific heat of the mixture is

 202   3 102  m1 S1  m2 S 2
  203   S mix 
  10    8200 1050  7150cal  m1  m2 
 2   2 
EX.3: Find the water equivalent of copper block EX.5: 10 litres of hot water at 70º C is mixed with
of mass 200g. The specific heat of copper is an equal volume of cold water at 20º C . Find
0.09 cal / g 0C . the resultant temperature of the water.
(Specific heat of water = 4200 J/kg -K)
Sol: Water equivalent w= mS  200  0.09  18g
m1S11  m2S22
Sol. Resultant temperature,  
m1S1  m2 S2

2
 Here, m1  m2  10kg , 15
From (i) and (ii), we get S A  SC
(since mass of 1 litre of water is 1 kg). 16
1  70º C;2  20º C When A and C are mixed, let equilibrium tempera-
ture of mixture is  , then
and S1  S 2  4200 J / kg  K Heat gain = Heat lost
10  4200  70  10  4200  20
  45º C mSA  12  mSC  28     20.26º C
10  4200  10  4200
EX.6. A sphere of aluminium of 0.047 kg is placed CHANGE OF STATE
for sufficient time in a vessel containing
 Matter exists in three states or phases such as
boiling water, so that the sphere is at 1000 C . solid, liquid and gas.
It is then immediately transferred to 0.14 kg  A transition from one of these states to
copper calorimeter containing 0.25 kg of another is called change of state.
water at 200 C . The temperature of water Melting of ice or vaporisation of water is an
rises and attains a steady state at 230 C . example for change of state. During change of
Calculate the specific heat capacity of state, temperature remains constant.
aluminium. Melting:
( Scu  386 J / Kg  K , S w  4180 J / Kg  K )  The change of state from solid to liquid is called
melting (and the reverse process is called fusion).
Sol: Heat lost by aluminium sphere =
 Every solid melts at a definite temperature called
(heat gained by water) + (heat gained by melting point.
calorimeter)
 The melting point remains constant until the entire
0.047  S Al  1000  230   0.25  4180  230  200  amount of solid substance melts.
 During melting, solid and liquid states are in
0.14  386  230  20 0  equilibrium.
 S Al  911J / Kg  K  Melting point of a solid depends on its nature,
pressure and presence of impurities.
EX.7: The temperature of equal masses of three
different liquids A, B and C are 12ºC, 19ºC Vaporisation (Boiling) :
and 28ºC respectively. The common tempera-  The change of state from liquid to vapour at a
ture when A and B are mixed is 16ºC and particular temperature is called vaporisation.(and
when B and C are mixed is 23ºC. W h a t the reverse process is called condensation)
should be the common temperature when A  Every liquid vaporises at a definite temperature
and C are mixed? called boiling point.
Sol. Given  A  12º C ,  B  19º C and C  28º C .  The boiling point remains constant until the entire
amount of liquid vaporises.
Let S A , S B and S C are the specific heats of  During vaporisation liquid and gaseous states are
respective liquids. in equilibrium.
When liquid A and B are mixed  Boiling point of a liquid depends on nature of the
Heat gain = Heat lost liquid, applied pressure and presence of
impurities.
mS A 16  12   mS B 19  16 
Evaporation:
4  The escape of molecules from the free surface of
or S B S A ........(i) a liquid is called evaporation
3
When liquid B and C are mixed  Refrigerators, air coolers etc., work on the
principle of cooling produced by evaporation.
Heat gain = Heat lost
 Body temperature is also controlled by
mS B  23  19   mSC  28  23  or evaporation of sweat.
5
SB  S C .....(ii )
4
3
 Evaporation is a slow process where as boiling Sol. Here T   1  0   1, T  273  0  273K
is a quick process.
 1  3 3
 Evaporation takes place at all temperatures and V2  V1   1    10 m
whereas boiling takes place at a particular  0.9 
temperature. (given)
 Evaporation takes place only at the surface of a L  80cal / g
liquid where as boiling occurs through out the P L
liquid. we have, 
T T V2  V1 
 The rate of evaporation depends on the nature of
the liquid. P 80  4.2  103

 The rate of evaporation is more when the difference  1 
273 1 
1  3
in temperatures of the liquid and the surrounding   10
 0.9 
air is high.
P  110.8 105 N / m 2  110.8 atm
Effect of pressure on melting point and
boiling point P2  P1  110.8 atm  P2 110.8  P1 111.8 atm
 Effect of pressure on M.P and B.P can be Regelation of ice:
explained with Clausius-Clapeyron relation which  The melting of ice when pressure is applied and
can be derived on the basis of thermodynamics resolidification on removal of pressure is called
dP L regelation. Snow-ball preparation is due to
i.e. 
dT T V f  Vi  regelation.
 Skating is possible on snow due to the formation
L = Latent heat of fusion of water below the skates.
Vi = Initial volume, Vf = Final volume Triple point :
 The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid
 In case of boiling as volume of vapour V f is always
and vapour states co-exist is called triple point.
dP  The triple point of water is
greater than volume of liquid Vi hence is
dT 273.16K (0.010C) and pressure 0.006 atm.
positive. i.e boiling point of every liquid rises with (0.459 cm of Hg)
increase in pressure  Negative slope of ice line showing that the melting
 In case of melting for substances like wax and point decreases with increasing of the pressure
sulphur which expands on melting  Sublimation is the change from a solid to the vapour
V f  Vi and hence melting point rises with increase state without the intermediate liquid state and the
reverse process of direct condensation of vapour
in pressure.
to solid is called hoar frost.
 In case of substances like ice and rubber which
Phase diagram of water
contracts on melting V f  Vi and hence V f  Vi
negative i.e. melting point is lowered with increase c ice line steamline A
pressure
in pressure.
 On mountains, it is difficult to cook food because
0
with increase in height, pressure decreases and 0.006 atm
hence the boiling point of water decreases.
hoar frost line
EX.8: The melting point of ice is 0ºC at 1 atm. B
At what pressure will it be -1ºC?
 1  3 3  Under normal conditions of pressure, solids like
(Given, V2  V1  1    10 m ) camphor, iodine, arsenic, etc., do not melt when
 0.9 
heated, but they under go “sublimation”.

4
 Latent Heat :
1
 It is the amount of heat required to change unit Slope of AB 
mSsolid
mass of a substance from one state to another
state without any change of temperature. 1
slope of CD 
Q mSLiquid
L  J / Kg or Cal / g 
m
Note:
 Q  mL ; L  Latent Heat (i) Latent heat of a substance becomes zero at
 Latent heat of fusion of ice is 80Cal/g or critical temperature.
0.335  106 J/kg. (ii) Latent heat depends on the nature of a substance
 Latent heat of vapoursiation of water is 540 Cal/ and pressure.
g or 2.26  106 J/kg EX.9 : A piece of ice of mass 100 g and at
 The amount of heat required to convert m grams temperature 00 C is put in 200 g of water at
of ice at –100C to m grams of steam at 1000C is
250 C . How much ice will melt as the
-10 C
0
m gm temperature of the water reaches 00 C ? (
Q1  msice  specific heat capacity of water
 4200J kg 1 K 1 and latent heat of fusion
0
0C m gm
Q2  mLice
of ice  3.4 105 J Kg 1 )
0
0C m gm
Q3  msw Sol: The heat released as the water cools down from
100 C
0 m gm 250 C to 00 C is
Q4  mLsteam
0 m gm
Q  mS    0.2  4200  25   21000 J
100 C
The amount of ice melted by this heat is
Y Q 21000
m   62 g
L 3.4  10 5
Boiling
Point EX.10 : The following graph represents change
Melting of state of 1 gram of ice at 200 C . Find the
Point
net heat required to convert ice into steam
X at 1000 C
Sice  0.53cal / g  0 C
Total heat required Q  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4
0
 During melting or boiling the heat absorbed by T( C)
the substance is used in increasing the molecular
distances
100 d
Temperature e
F b
0 c
0
a Q(cal)
100 C -20 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
D
0CB
0
C
ice Sol: In the figure :
A Heat a to b: Temperature of ice increases until it reaches
its melting point 00 C .
Length of BC  Latent Heat of fusion of ice
Length of DE  Latent Heat of Vapourisation
Length of DE > Length of BC ( i.e. always Lv  L f )

5
Q1  mSice 0   20    1 0.53 20   10.6cal From law of method of mixtures,
Heat lost = heat gained (calorimeter + water)
b to c: Temperature remains constant until all the
ice has melted m  Lsteam  SW 1  3     m1S1  m2 SW  3  2 

Q2  mL f  1 80   80cal m 540  1100  90     200  1000 1  90  9 

c to d : Temperature of water again rises until it  m  176 g  0.176kg  0.18kg
reaches its boiling point 1000 C EX.13: 1g steam at 100ºC is passed in an insulat-
Q3  mSwater 100  0  11.0 100   100cal ing vessel having 1g ice at 0ºC. Find the equi-
librium composition of the mixture. (Neglect-
d to e : Temperature is again constant until all the ing heat capacity of the vessel).
water is transformed into the vapour phase Sol. Available heat from steam
Q4  mLv  1 539   539cal mL  1 540  540 cal
Thus, the net heat required to convert 1g of ice at Heat required for melting of ice and to rise its tem-
200 C into steam at 1000 C is perature to 100º C  mice Lice  mwater S water 

Q  Q1  Q2  Q3  Q4  729.6cal  1 80  11 100  0   180cal

EX.11 : A calorimeter of water equivalent 83.72 Kg Let m be the mass of steam condensed, then
contains 0.48 Kg of water at 35ºC. How much 180 1
mass of ice at 0ºC should be added to decrease m 540  180  m  540  3 g
the temperature of the calorimeter to 20ºC.
1 4
(SW= 4186J / Kg-K and Lice  335000 J / Kg ) Final contents : Water = 1   g ,
3 3
Sol. Heat capacity of the calorimeter = 83.72J K-1
1 2
From law of method of mixtures, steam = 1   g
3 3
Heat lost by calorimeter  EX.14: 20g of steam at 100ºC is passed into 100g

   Heat gained by the ice

of ice at 0ºC. Find the resultant temperature
Heat lost by water 
if latent heat of steam is 540 cal/g, latent heat
of ice is 80 cal/ g and specific heat of water is
83.7215 0.48418615  m 335000 83720
1 cal/gºC.
 m  0.07498 Kg Sol. For steam
EX.12: A steam at 100ºC is passed into 1 kg of Heat lost by the steam in condensation
water contained in a calorimeter of water
Q1  ms Ls  20  540  10800cal .........(1)
equivalent 0.2 kg at 9ºC till the temperature
of the calorimeter and water in it is increased For ice
to 90ºC. Find the mass of steam condensed Heat gained by the ice in melting and to rise its
in kg ( SW=1 cal/g ºC, & Lsteam = 540 cal/ temperature from 0o C to 1000 C is
g)(EAM-14E)
Sol.Let, m be the mass of the steam condensed. Q2  mice Lice  mice S w t
mass of the steam passed into calo-  100  80  100 1100  18000cal ......(2)
rimeter,
From eq. (1) and (2) ; Q2  Q1
m2 = 1kg = 1000 g.
Water equivalent of calorimeter, Let  = resultant temperature of the mixture
m1Sl = 0.2 kg = 200g According to law of method of mixtures
Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by ice
1 = temperature of the steam = 100ºC
s water 100  miceLice miceSwater  0
s s mS
mL
2 = temperature of the water = 9ºC
3 = resultant temperature = 90ºC  20540 201100  10080 1001 
   40º C

6
Note: The temperature of mixture can never be lesser Finally when the ice-water mixture is in
than lower temperature and can never be greater equilibrium, it is found that 1gm of ice has melted.
than higher temperature Assuming there is no other heat exchange in the
 L  mix   H process. Find the value of m. (JEE-2010)
Sol. Here, heat given is used to increase the
If ‘m’ g of steam at 1000 C is mixed with ‘m’ g of temperature of the ice to 0º C and to melt 1gm
ice at 00 C then of ice.
a) Resultant temperature of mixture is 1000 C Given m is mass of ice in gm.
m
b) Mass of steam condensed  g
 
 420  m  2100  5  1 3.36 105  10 3
3
 m  8 gm .
2m
c) Mass of steam left uncondensed  g Super cooling :
3  Most liquids, if cooled in a pure state in a perfectly
4m clean vessel, with least disturbance, can be
d) The final mixture contains g of water and
3 lowered to a temperature much below the normal
2m freezing point, without solidifying. This is known
g of steam both at 1000 C as super cooling or super fusion.
3
 In super cooling, water can be cooled upto
EX.15 : 6 gm of steam at 1000 C is mixed with 6
10ºC without becoming solid.
gm of ice at 00 C . Find the mass of steam
EX.17.When a small ice crystal is placed into super
left uncondensed cooled water, it begins to freeze
( L f  80cal / g , Lv  540cal / g , instantaneously. What amount of ice is formed
from 1kg of water super cooled to 8º C .
SWater  1cal / g  0 C )
Sol. mL  m1S ; m 80  1000 1 8 ; m = 100g
Sol: For steam
Saturated and Unsaturated Vapours :
Heat lost by the steam in condensation
(a)When the pressure exerted by a vapour is
Q1  ms Ls  6  540  3240cal .........(1) maximum it is called saturated vapour, when
For ice pressure exerted is not maximum, it is called
Heat gained by the ice in melting and to rise its unsaturated vapour.
(b)Saturated vapours do not obey the gas laws and
temperature from 0o C to 1000 C is
saturated vapour pressure of liquid is independent
Q2  mice Lice  mice S w t of volume occupied. But unsaturated vapour obey
the gas laws.
 6  80  6 1100  1080cal ......(2)
(c)At boiling point of a liquid saturated vapour pressure
From eq (1) and (2) Q1  Q2 is equal to atmospheric pressure at that place.
i.e , the total steam should not condensed in to NOTE:
water. Physical
Units
Let ‘m’ gm of steam is condensed into water by Quantity SI CGS
( Practical )
giving 1080cal. of heat .
Heat Joule Calories
1080 Specific Heat Joule/Kg-K Cal/g-0C
mLs  1080 ; m   2 gm Molar specific
540 Joule/mol-K Cal/mol-0C
Heat
 mass of the steam left uncondensed  6  2  4g Thermal
Joule/Kg Cal/0C
EX.16: A piece of ice(heat capacity =2100J/Kg 0C capacity
Water
and latent heat  3.36 105 J / Kg ) of mass m Kg g
Equivalent
grams is at 5º C at atmospheric pressure. It is
given 420 J of heat so that the ice starts melting.

7
 EXERCISE - 1 9. During melting process, the heat given to a
solid is used in (generally)
1. Heat capacity of a substance is infinite. It
means 1) Increasing the temperature
1) heat is given out 2) Increasing the density of material
2) heat is taken in 3) Increasing the average distance between the
3) no change in temperature whether heat is taken molecules
in (or) given out 4) Increasing the average K.E. of the molecules
4) all of the above 10. When two blocks of ice are pressed against
2. The heat capacity of material depends upon each other then they stick together (coalesce)
1) the structure of a matter because
2) temperature of matter 1) cooling is produced 2) heat is produced
3) density of matter 3) increase in pressure, increase in melting point
4) specific heat of matter 4) increase in pressure, decrease in melting point
3. Heat required to raise the temperature of one 11. Ice is found to be slippery when a man walks
gram of water through 10C is on it This is so because
1) 0.001 Kcal 2) 0.01 Kcal 1) increase in pressure causes ice to melt faster
3) 0.1 Kcal 4) 1.0 Kcal 2) increase in pressure causes ice to melt slower
4. In defining the specific heat, temperature is 3) its surface is smooth and cold
represented in 0F instead of 0C. Then the 4) ice is colder
value of specific heat will 12. Cooking is difficult on mountains because
1) decreases 1) water boils at low temperature
2) increases
2) water boils at high temperature
3) remain constant
3) water does not boil
4) be converted to heat capacity
4) it is cool there
5. Which of the following states of matter have
two specific heats ? 13. Paraffin wax expands on melting. The melting
point of wax with increasing pressure is
1) solid 2) gas 3) liquid 4) vapour
1) increases 2) decreases
6. The specific heat of a gas in an isothermal
process is 3) remains same 4)we can’t say
1) infinity 2) zero 14. In a pressure cooker cooking is done quickly
3) negative 4) remains constant because
7. Why the specific heat at a constant pressure 1) the cooker does not absorb any heat
is more than that at constant volume 2) it has a safety valve
1) there is greater inter molecular attraction at 3) boiling point of water rises due to increased
constant pressure pressure
2) at constant pressure molecular oscillation are 4) it is a prestige to cook in a cooker
more violent 15. A large block of ice is placed on a table when
3) external work need to be done for allowing the surroundings are at 00C
expansion of gas at constant pressure 1) ice melts at the sides
4) due to more reasons other than those 2) ice melts at the top
mentioned in the above 3) ice melts at the bottom
8. The ratio [Cp / Cv] of the specific heats at a 4) ice does not melt at all
constant pressure and at a constant volume 16. Which of the following at 1000C produces
of any perfect gas most severe burns ?
1) can’t be greater than 5/4 1) hot air 2) water 3) steam 4) oil
2) can’t be greater than 3/2
3) can’t be greater than 5/3
4) can have any value

8
17. The latent heat of vaporisation of water is
more than latent heat of fusion of ice, why Law of mixtures (or) Calorimetry and
1) on vaporisation much larger increase in volume Change of state principle
takes place 5. The quantity of heat which can rise the
2) increase in kinetic energy is much larger on temperature of x gm of a substance through
boiling t1°C can rise the temperature of y gm of
3) kinetic energy decreases on boiling water through t2°C is same. The ratio of
4) volume decreases when the ice melts specific heats of the substances is
18. The latent heat of vaporisation of a substance 1) yt1/xt2 2) xt2/yt1
is always 3) yt2/xt1 4) xt1/yt2
1) greater than its latent of fusion 6. Two liquids A and B ar e at 300c and 200c
2) greater than its latent heat of sublimation respectively. When they are mixed in equal
3) equal to its latent heat of sublimation masses the temperature of the mixture is
4) less than its latent heat of fusion found to be 260c. The ratio of specific heats is
19. A piece of ice at 00C is dropped into water at 1) 4 : 3 2) 3 : 4 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 2
00C. Then ice will
7. M g of ice at 00c is mixed with M g of water
1) melt at 100c. The final temperature is
2) be converted to water
1) 80c 2) 60c 3) 40c 4) 00c
3) not melt
8. A beaker contains 200g of water. The heat
4) partially melt
capacity of the beaker is equal to that of 20g
water. The initial temperature of water in
EXERCISE - 1 the beaker is 200c. If 440g of hot water at
ANSWER KEY 920c is poured in it, the final temperature
01) 3 02) 4 03) 1 04) 1 (neglecting radiation loss) will be nearly
05) 2 06) 1 07) 3 08) 3
1) 580c 2) 680c 3) 730c 4) 780c
09) 3 10) 4 11) 1 12) 1
13) 1 14) 3 15) 3 16) 3 9. If 10g of the ice at 00c is mixed with 10g of
17) 1 18) 1 19) 3 water at 1000c, then the final temperature of
the mixture will be
1) 50c 2) 100c 3) 100 K 4) 00c
EXERCISE - 2
10. 10 grams of steam at 1000 C is mixed with 50
Heat capacity (or) thermal capacity
gm of ice at 00 C then final temperature is
1. The ratio of densities of two substances is
2:3 and that of specific heats is 1 : 2. The 1) 200 C 2) 500 C 3) 400 C 4) 1000 C
ratio of thermal capacities per unit volume is 11. The heat energy required to vapourise 5kg
1) 1 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 1 : 3 4) 3 : 1 of water at 373 K is
2. Two spheres of copper of diameters 10cm and 1) 2700 K.cal 2) 1000 K.cal
20 cm will have thermal capacities in the ratio 3) 27 K.cal 4) 270 K.cal
12. Two liquids A and B are at temperatures of
1 1 1 1
1) 2) 3) 4) 750c and 1500c respectively. Their masses
8 2 4 6 are in the ratio of 2 : 3 and specific heats are
3. Two liquids A and B of equal volumes have in the ratio 3 : 4. The resultant temperature
their specific heats in the ratio 2 : 3. If they of the mixture, when the above liquids, are
have same thermal capacity, then the ratio mixed (Neglect the water equivalent of
of their densities is container ) is
1) 1 : 1 2) 2 : 3 3) 3 : 2 4) 5 : 6 1) 1250c 2) 1000c 3) 500c 4) 1500c
4. Specific heat of aluminium is 0.25 cal/g-0c.
13. 1g of ice at 00 C is mixed 1g of steam at
The water equivalent of an aluminium vessel
of mass one kilogram is 1000 C . The mass of water formed is
1) 40 cal/0c 2) 250 g 1) 1.33g 2) 13.3 g 3) 0.133 g 4) 13.3g
3) 250 cal/ c
0
4) 40 g
9
14. A piece of metal of mass 112g is heated to 6. Heat lost by A = Heat gain by B
1000 C and dropped into a copper S A    B
calorimeter of mass 40g containing 200g of mS A    A  mS B    B  
SB    A
water at 160 C . Neglecting heat loss, the
specific heat of the metal is nearly, if the 7.  M  80    M 10   Final Temp. is 00 c
equilibrium temperature reached is 240 C 8. From principle of calorimetry
( Scu  0.1 cal / g  º C ) mwater  Sw    20   mS     20
1) 0.292cal / gm 0 C 2) 0.392cal / gm 0 C  mhot water  Sw  92  
3) 0.192cal / gm 0 C 4) 0.492cal / gm 0 C 9. From principle of calorimetry
15. Three liquids with masses m1 , m2 , m3 are  m  L   m  S 1   m  S 2
thoroughly mixed. If their specific heats are 10. Heat lost = Heat gained
S1 , S 2 , S3 and their temperatures 1 ,  2 ,3
respectively, the temperature of the mixture is mice Lice  mice Sw   

S11  S22  S33 msteam Lsteam  msteam S w 100   

1) m S  m S  m S
1 1 2 2 3 3 11. Q = m x Lsteam
m1S11  m2 S22  m3 S33 12. mASA (  -75) = mBSB (150 -  )
2) m1S1  m2 S2  m3 S3 13. Here the resultant temperature is 1000 C
m1S11  m2 S22  m3 S33 m | is mass of the steam condensed
3) m11  m22  m33
m| Lv  mice L f  mice S water  
m11  m2 2  m3 3  water formed = 1g + m|
4) S   S   S 
1 1 2 2 3 3 14. Heat lost by metal = heat gained by calorimeter
and water
EXERCISE - 2 mmetal Smetal 100  24  
ANSWER KEY
 mcu Scu  mwater Sw   24  16
01) 3 02) 1 03) 3 04) 2
05) 3 06) 4 07) 4 08) 2 15. Let 1   2   3 and  = resultant temperature.
09) 2 10) 3 11) 1 12) 1
From principle of colorimetry
13) 1 14) 3 15) 2
m3 S3 3     m1S1   1   m2 S2   2 
EXERCISE - 2
HINTS AND SOL. EXERCISE - 3
H1  1  S1  Specific Heat
1. H  mS  VS  H     S  1. A metal block absorbs 4500 cal of heat when
2  2  2 
heated from 30 0C to 80 0C. Its thermal
3
4 H r  capacity is
2. H  mS    r 3 S  1   1 
3 H 2  r2  1) 90 gm 2) 90 cal / 0 C 3) 9 gm 4) 9 cal / 0 C
2. Two beakers A and B contain liquids of
1 S2
3. m1S1 = m2S2  v11S1 = v2 2 S2 ;  = S masses 300 g and 420 g respectively and
2 1 specific heats 0.8cal/g-0C and 0.6cal/g-0C.
4. water equivalent = mS gram. The amount of heat on them is equal. If they
are joined by a metal rod
5. Q1  Q2  m1S11  m2 S2 2

10
 1) heat flows from the beaker B to A EXERCISE - 3
2) heat flows from A to B ANSWER KEY
3) no heat flows 01) 2 02) 2 03) 3 04) 3
4) heat flows neither from A to B nor B to A 05) 1 06) 2 07) 4 08) 2
09) 1 10) 1
Law of mixtures (or) Calorimetry and
Change of state principle
EXERCISE - 3
3. Three liquids A,B and C of masses 400gm,
600 gm and 800 gm are at 300c, 400c and 500c HINTS AND SOL.
respectively. When A and B are mixed Q
1. H 
resultant temperature is 360c when B and C 
are mixed resultant temperature is 440c Then 2. Quantity of heat on A = Quantity of heat on B
ratio of their specific heats are
m A  S A   1  m B  S B   2  1   2
1) 2:1:1 2) 3:2:1 3) 2:2:1 4) 1:4:9
4. 1gm of ice at 00c is converted to steam at 3. When A, B are mixed
1000c the amount of heat required will be mA S A    A  mB SB    B ...... (i)
(Lsteam=536 cal/g)
When B, C are mixed
1) 756 cal 2)12000 cal 3)716 cal 4)450 cal
5. 50g of copper is heated to increase its m B S B     B  mC S C    C ...... (ii)
temperature by 100C. If the same quantity From (i) and (ii) we get relation between SA and
of heat is given to 10 g of water, the rise in SC.
its temperature is When A and C are mixed
(Scu= 420J/kg/0C and Sw= 4200J/kg/0C )
1) 50C 2) 60C 3) 70C 4) 80C m AS A  A  m C SC  C
6. A liquid of mass ‘m’ and specific heat ‘S’ is 4. Q = mLice+mSw(100-0)+mLs
at a temperature ‘2t’. If another liquid of 5. Q1  Q2  mSc 1  mSw 2
thermal capacity 1.5 times, at a temperature
of t/3 is added to it, the resultant 6. From principle of calorimetry
temperature will be m1S11  m2 S2 2

4 t 2 m1S1  m2 S2
t
1) 2) t 3) 4) t
3 2 3
7. Boiling water at 100 C and cold water at t0C
0  G iv e n , m 2 S 2  1 .5  m 1 S 1 
are mixed in the ratio 1:3 and the resultant 7. Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by cold
maximum temperature was 370C. Assuming water.
no heat losses, the value of ‘t’ is
 m 1
1) 40C 2) 90C 3) 120C 4) 160C m1S1  1  m2 S 2 2  Given, 1  
 m2 3 
8. The fraction of ice that melts by mixing equal
masses of ice at -10°C and water at 60°C is 8. Here a part of ice is melted because heat given
1)6/11 2) 11/16 3) 5/16 4) 11/15 by water when it comes to 0ºC is less than the
9. Power of a man who can chew 0.3 kg ice in heat required for ice to melt completely.
one minute is ( in cal/s) Let m| is the mass of the ice melted.
1) 400 2) 4 3) 24 4) 240 mSice 10   mLice  mwater Sw  60 
10. The final temperature, when 10 g of steam
at 1000 C is passed into an ice block of mass mL f
9. P
100g t
10. Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by ice
L steam  540 cal / g , Lice  80 cal / g ; S water  1 cal / g 0C 
is
1) 21.80C 2)15.70C 3) 16.90C 4) 20.40C msteam  Lv  msteamSw 1000  0   miceLf  miceSw 0 0

11
 EXERCISE - 4 7. The specific heat of a substance varies with
temperature as s=0.20+0.14  +0.023  2 (cal/
Law of mixtures (or) Calorimetry &
gmºC) .Heat required to raise the
Change of state principle temperature of 2 gm of the substance from
1. 30g of ice 00c and 20 g of steam at 1000c are
50 C to 150 C is (  is in º C )
mixed. The composition of the resultant
mixture is 1) 24 cal 2) 56 cal 3) 82 cal 4) 100 cal
1) 40g of water and 10g steam at 1000c 8. In an industrial process 10 kg of water per
hour is to be heated from 200C to 800C. To
2) 10g of ice and 40g of water at 00c
do this steam at 1500C is passed from a boiler
3) 50g of water at 1000c into a copper coil immersed in water. The
4) 35g of water and 15g of steam at 1000c steam condenses in the coil and is returned
2. 30 gms of water at 30ºC is in a beaker. Which to the boiler as water at 900C . How many
of the following, when added to water, will kilograms of steam is required per hour
have greatest cooling effect? (Specific heat (specific heat of steam = 1 cal/gm , latent heat
of copper = 0.1 cal/gmºC) of vapourisation = 540 cal/gm)?
1) 100gm of water at10ºC 1) 1gm 2) 1 kg 3) 10 gm 4) 10 kg
2) 15gm of water at 0ºC 9. A heater melts 0ºC ice in a bucket completely
3) 3gm of ice at 0ºC into water in 6 minutes and then evaporates
4) 18gm of copper at 0ºC all that water into steam in 47 minutes 30 sec.
3. ‘n’ number of liquids of masses m,2m,3m,4m, If latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 cal/gram,
....... having specific heats S, 2S,3S, 4S, .... latent heat of steam will be (specific heat of
are at temperatures t, 2t, 3t, 4t . . . . are mixed. water is 1 cal /gam-ºC)
The resultant temperature of mixture is 1) 536 Cal/gram 2) 533.3 Cal/gram
3n  n  1 3) 540 Cal/gram 4) 2.268  106 J/Kg
3n  n  1
t 2) 
3n 2n n  1 t
1) t 3) t 4) 10. Ice at 0ºC is added to 200gm of water initially
2n  1 3  2n  1 2  2n  1  2n  1
at 70ºC in a vacuum flask. When 50gm of ice
4. Steam is passed into a calorimeter with water has been added and has all melted, the
having total thermal capacity 110 c a l / g m temperature of flask and contents is 40ºC.
and initial temperature 30ºC. If the resultant When a further 80gm of ice is added and has
temperature is 90ºC, the increase in the mass all melted, the temperature of whole become
of the water is 10ºC. Neglecting heat lost to surroundings
1) 12 gm 2) 1.2 gm 3) 5 gm 4) 12.4 gm the latent heat of fusion of ice is
5. 2 kg of ice at -200C is mixed with 5 kg of 1) 80 cal/gm 2) 90 cal/gm
water at 200C in an insulating vessel having 3) 70 cal/gm 4) 540 cal/gm
a negligible heat capacity. The final mass of
11. 2kg of water contained in a vessel of
water in the vessel. ( The specific heat of
negligible heat capacity is heated with a coil
water and ice are 1k cal/kg0C and 0.5 k cal/
of 1kw. The loss of energy form the vessel is
kg/0C respectively and the latent heat of
at the rate of 160J/s. How much time
fusion of ice is 80 k cal/kg) is
temperature will raise from
1) 7 kg 2) 6 kg 3) 4 kg 4) 2 kg
1) 8 min 20 sec 2) 6 min 2 sec
6. A thermally insulated vessel contains some
water at 00C. The vessel is connected to a 3) 7 min 4) 14 min
vacuum pump to pump out water vapour. This
results in some water getting frozen. The EXERCISE - 4
maximum percentage amount of water that ANSWER KEY
will be solidified in this manner will be
01) 1 02) 1 03) 3 04) 1
( Lsteam  21105 J / kg and Lice  3.36105 J / kg ). 05) 2 06) 1 07) 3 08) 2
1) 86.2% 2) 33.6% 3) 21% 4) 24.36% 09) 2 10) 2 11) 1

12
 EXERCISE - 4 15

HINTS AND SOL. 

Q  2  0.2  0.14  0.023 2 d 
5
1. msLs = (mice Lice  mice s )
8. Let m kg of steam is required for this process
Where ms=mass of steam condensed to rise 0
steam, 150 C
temperature of ice to 1000c water. 0
water, 90 C

2. From principle of calorimetry

(i) mSw  30  1   m1Sw 1  10 

(ii) mSw  30   2   m2 Sw  2  0 
water

(iii) mS w  30  3   m3 Lice  m3 Sw 3  0 

(iv) mS w  30  4   m4 Scu  4  0  m w  S w  8 0  2 0 

here m1  100 g , m2  15 g , m3  3 g , m4  18 g  mSsteam 150100  mLsteam  mSw 100  

above calculations will be show that 1 is least. 9. Let m be the mass of ice in bucket
3. From principle of calorimetry Heat given out by heater in 6min is 80m
Heat given out in 47.5min is 100m+mL v
m S   m2 S22  ......
 1 11 m  80 --  6 minutes
m1S1  m2 S2  .....
(m  1  100 )+ (m  Lv)  47.5 minutes


1  2
3 3

 33  ........  n3 t  80  47.5 = 6(100+Lv)
10. According to principle of calorimetry
1  2
2 2
 32  .........  n 2 
ML f  MS    mS   water   mS   flask
4. From principle of calorimetry
 mS water 1  m  Lsteam  S 2  5Lf  400  3w....(i), here w   mS  flask

(mS)water= 110, Sw = 1, Lice = 540 , Now the system contains (200+50)gm of

water at 40ºC, so when further 80gm of
1  60 &  2  10 ice is added
5. Let m be mass of ice melted into water 8 L f  670  3w .....( ii )
mice  Sice  20  m Lice  mwater  Sw  20
from (i) & (ii) we get L f .
final mass of water in vessel = m + 5kg.
Q
6. Let m1 mass is vaporised and m2 mass gets 11. Net   100  160
t
solidified
Then heat taken in vaporisation = heat given msT
 840
during t
or m1  21 105    m2   3.36  105 
EXERCISE - 5
m2 1) 100g of water is super cooled to - 100C. At
m2  6.25m1 ; %  m  m  100
1 2 this point, due to some disturbance
mechanised or otherwise some of it suddenly
2
freezes to ice. What will be the temperature
7. Q   m  S  d
1
of the resultant mixture [Sw=1 cal/g/0C and
Lwfusion=80cal/g]
1) 100C 2) 00C 3) -50C 4) -20C

13
2) Three copper blocks of masses M1, M2 and EXERCISE - 5
M3 respectively are brought into thermal HINTS AND SOL.
contant till they reach equillibrium. Before
Single Correct Answer Type
contact, they were at T1,T2, T3(T1>T2>T3).
Assuming there is no heat loss to the 1. Heat loss by hot body = heat gain by cold body
surroundings, the equilibrium temperature T M1S1T1  M 2S2 T2  M 3S3T3
is (s is specific heat of copper) 2. T
M1S1  M 2S2  M 3S3
T1  T2  T3 Multi Correct Answer Type
1) T 
3 1. During phase change process, temperature of the
system remains constant.
2) T  M1T1  M 2 T2  M 3T3
M1  M 2  M 3
EXERCISE - 6
3) T  M1T1  M 2 T2  M 3T3
3  M1  M 2  M 3  Heat capacity (or) Thermal capacity
1. The densities of two substances are in the
M T s  M 2 T2s  M 3T3s ratio 5:6 and the specific heats are in the ratio
4) T  1 1
M1  M 2  M 3 3:5 respectively. The ratio of their thermal
capacities per unit volume is
Multi Correct Answer Type
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 4:1 4) 1:4
1. Refer to the plot of temperature versus time
(figure) showing the changes in the state if 2. Two spheres with radii in the ratio 1:2 have
ice on heating (not to scale). Which of the specific heats in the ratio x:y and densities
following is correct ? in the ratio z:x. The ratio of their thermal
capacities is
E
1) z:2y 2) zy:8 3) z:8y 4) xy:2z
3. Density of a liquid ‘A’ is 0.5 g/c.c and that of
Temperature(0C)

liquid ‘B’ is 0.6 g/c.c . Heat capacity of 8 litres

100 of ‘A’ is equal to that of 10 litres of ‘B’ . Then
C D
their specific heats ratio is
1) 4:5 2) 1:1 3) 2:3 4) 3:2
A B 4. A copper block of mass 500 gm and specific
O tm time(min) heat 0.1 cal/gm0C heated from 300C to 2900C,
the thermal capacity of the block is
1) The region AB represents ice and water in
thermal equilibrium 1) 50cal/0C 2) 50gm 3) 5cal/0C 4) 5gm
2) At B water starts boiling Law of mixtures (or) Calorimetry &
3) At C all the water gets converted into steam Change of state principle
4) C to D represents water and steam in 5. 75 gm of copper is heated to increase its
equilibrium at boiling point temperature by 100 C . If the same quantity
of heat is given to ‘m’ gm of water, to have
EXERCISE - 5 same rise in temperature is ( specific heat of
ANSWER KEY copper = 420J/Kg-0C)
Single Correct Answer Type 1) 75gm 2) 5gm 3) 10gm 4) 2.5gm
1) 2 2) 2 6. Two liquids are at 400 C and 300 C . When
Multi Correct Answer Type they are mixed in equal masses, the
1) 1,4 temperature of the mixture is 360 C . Ratio
of their specific heats is
1) 3:2 2) 2:3 3) 4:3 4) 3:4

14
7. If 10g of the ice at 00c is mixed with 10g of EXERCISE - 6
water at 100c, then the final temperature of ANSWER KEY
the mixture will be
1) 50C 2) 00c 3) 1000C 4) 400c 01) 2 02) 3 03) 4 04) 1
8. 0
5 gm of steam at 100 C is passed into 05) 1 06) 1 07) 2 08) 2
calorimeter containing liquid. Temperature of 09) 2 10) 1 11)2 12) 4
liquid rises from 320 C to 400 C . Then water 13) 2 14) 1 15) 1
equivalent of calorimeter and contents is
1) 40 g 2) 375 g 3) 300 g 4) 160 g EXERCISE - 6
9. M grams of ice at 0 C is mixed with 3 M
0 HINTS AND SOL.
gram of water at 80 0C then the final
H1  1  S1 
temperature is 1. H  mS  VS  H     S 
2  2  2 
1) 300C 2) 400C 3) 500C 4) 600C
10. 50 g of steam at 1000C is passed into 250 g 4 H  S r 
3

of ice at 00C. Find the resultant temperature( 2. H  mS   r3S  1  1  1   1 

3 H 2  2 S 2  r2 
if latent heat of steam is 540 cal/g , latent
heat of ice is 80 cal/g and specific heat of
3. mASA = mBSB   AVA S A   BVB S B
water is 1 cal/g-0C)
1) 400C 2) 300C 3) 200C 4) 100C 4. Thermal capacity , H = mS
11. Quantity of heat lost in condensation of 10
gm of steam at 1000C is
5. Q1  Q2  m1S11  m2 S2  2

1) 2.26 105 J 2) 2.26 104 J 6. Heat lost by 1st liquid = Heat gained by 2nd liquid.
3) 22.6 J 4) 44.52  104 J mS1  400  360   mS 2  360  300 
12. Two liquids at temperatures 600Cand 200C
respectively have masses in the ratio 3:4 7.  m  Lice   mSw 10  final temp is 0º C
their specific heats in the ratio 4:5 . If the
two liquids are mixed, the resultant 8. Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by the
temperature is (2000 E)
calorimeter and contents.
1) 700C 2) 500C 3) 400C 4) 350C
13. Steam at 1000C is passed into 22 grams of msteam  Lv  ms 1100 0  400   mS  400  320 
water at 200C. When resultant temperature
is 900C, then weight of the water present is 9. 80M  M 1  0  0   3M 1  800   0 
1) 27.33 g 2) 24.8 g 3) 2.8 g 4) 30 g 10. Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by ice.
14. A calorimeter of water equivalent 100 grams msteam Lv  ms  Sw 1000   0 
contains 200 grams of water at 100 C . A solid
of mass 500 grams at 450 C is added to the = mw L f  mw Sw  0  0 
calorimeter. If equilibrium temperature is 11. Q = mLsteam
250 C then, the specific heat of the solid is
12. Heat lost = Heat gained
( in cal/g-0C)
1) 0.45 2) 0.1 3) 4.5 4) 0.01 m1S11  m2 S2 2

15. Two liquids of masses m and 5 m at m1S1  m2 S2
temperatures 3 , 4 are mixed. If their
13. msteam Lv  msteam S w 1000  900 
specific heats are 2S,3S respectively, the
resultant temperature of mixture is  mw S w  900  200 
66 55 44 33
1)  2)  3)  4) 
17 17 17 17
15
 msteam  mass of steam converted into water 6. A liquid of mass m and specific heat c is
heated to a temperature 2T. Another liquid
 mass of water = 22 g + msteam of mass m/2 and specific heat 2c is heated to
14. Heat lost by solid = Heat gained by calorimeter a temperature T. If these two liquids are
and water mixed, the resulting temperature of the
mixture is
ms S s  450  250    mc Sc  mw Sw   250  100  1) (2/3)T 2) (8/5)T 3) (3/5)T 4) (3/2)T
15. From principle of calorimetry 7. A tap supplies water at 100 C and another
m1S11  m2 S22 tap at 1000 C . How much hot water must be

m1S1  m2 S2 taken so that we get 20kg of water at 350 C
1) 40/9 kg 2) 50/9 kg 3) 20/9 kg 4) 130/9 kg
EXERCISE - 7 8. Find the amount of heat supplied to decrease
the volume of an ice water mixture by 1 cm3
Specific Heat without any change in temperature.
1. A calorimeter takes 200 cal of heat to rise
 ice  0.9  water , Lice  80cal / gm 
its temperature through 100 C . Its water
1) 360 cal. 2) 500 cal. 3) 72 cal. 4) 720 cal
equivalent in gm is
9. The power of a system which can convert 10
1) 2 2) 10 3) 20 4) 40
kg of water at 300 C into ice at 00 C in one
2. Three different substances have the specific
heats in the ratio 1:2:3 and the temperature minute ( L ice = 336000 J/Kg; and
increases in the ratio 3:2:1 when the same S water  4200 J / kg / K ) will be
heat is supplied to the three substances. The 1) 77 kW 2) 55 kW 3) 38.5 kW 4) 40 kW
ratio of their masses is
10. The amount of steam at 1000 C that should
1) 1:1:1 2) 1:2:3 3) 3:2:1 4) 4:3:4
be passed into 600 g of water at 100 C to
Law of mixtures (or) Calorimetry &
make the final temperature as 400 C will be
Change of state principle
1) 40 g 2) 30 g 3) 20 g 4) 45 g
3. Equal masses of 3 liquids A, B and C have
11. ‘M’ Kg of water ‘t’ C is divided into two parts
0
temperatures 10º C , 25º C and 40º C
so that one part of mass ‘m’ kg when
respectively. If A and B are mixed, the
converted into ice at 00C would release
mixture has a temperature of 15º C . If B and enough heat to vapourise the other part, then
C are mixed ,the mixture has a temperature m/M is equal to
of 30º C . If A & C are mixed the temperaturee [Specific heat of water=1cal g-10C-1.Latent
of the mixture is (EAM-2012M) heat of fusion of ice = 80cal g-1, Latent heat
1) 16º C 2) 35º C 3) 20º C 4) 25º C of steam = 540calg-1] (AP-Eamcet-2016)
4. 1 gram of ice at 100 C is converted to steam 720  t 640  t 640  t
1) 640-t 2) 3) 4)
at 1000 C the amount of heat required is 640 720 720
 Sice  0.5 cal / g º C 
EXERCISE - 7
( Lv  536 cal / g & L f  80 cal / g , )
ANSWER KEY
1) 861 cal 2)12005 cal 3)721 cal 4)455 cal
5. 30 gram of copper is heated to increase its 01) 3 02) 4 03) 1 04) 3
temperature by 200 C if the same quantity 05) 3 06) 4 07) 2 08) 3
of heat is given to 20 gram of water the rise 09) 1 10) 2
in its temperature.
( S w  4200 J / kg  K & Scu  420 J / kg  K )
1) 50 C 2) 60 C 3) 30 C 4) 80 C
16
 EXERCISE - 7
HINTS AND SOL.

Q
1. H

m1 S2  2
2. Q  mS     const   
m2 S1 1

3. When A & B are mixed, mS A  5  mS B 10 

 S A  2S B
When B & C are mixed, mS B  5  mSC 10 

 S B  2 SC So, S A  4 SC

When A & C are mixed

mS A   10   mSC  40   

4. Q = m Sice 10  mLice+mSw(100-0)+mLs

5. Q1  Q2  mcu Scu 1  mwSw 2

6. From principle of calorimetry

m1 S11  m2 S 2 2

m1 S1  m 2 S 2
7. From principle of calorimetry
m1 S1 1  m 2 S 2 2
  ( Given, m1+m2=20)
m1 S1  m 2 S 2

8. Q  m  Lice  ice V  Lice

Q
9. P , Q  m Sw  30  m Lice
t
10. Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by water
msteam  Lv  msteamSw 1000  400   mwater Sw  400 100 
11. mx80+mx1xt =(M - m)x1x(100-t) + 540 (M-m)
720m = (640-t) M

17