yo Any Physfoal aponttl vary wily t9me [spoce ond hove luo oy : endependert vosiables ond that cassis Some enfosnatfon wa doko (63) énfosmalion y Signa} | yh y Gontnvovs ——_vtecrale dsyilal conkinvo05 Sfgrol 8 Sth a delipa ob ong tla of ttme ond dened » signe! an be by ult) - alk) x) ovcade signal’ signal aon be ached of specttic. vows A pag. denoted by afr) bu: ato) er ee 1 canue conltnuovs to ovcrcle bige Signal —> Sampling TT conve descsele to digital > quontizatiog § Cnty ented Annktzaltons xl te he process J noprtng coaktquovs 2nftneke vives fy a Smalls oct of otoorele fevgke vaives Sonpring s- rk 6 vaed % stalzsical onaysts % whith 9 . Predslesmened no.of obgeavattons O8e tayen Fron 0 lage popvntba Scanned with CamScannerOpto! Stpnals- x) dale! stgris wwe descutlese bah ye oy, ™agnilode . we devtle divide the ‘magnilade arts toto Armed noo levels a bie Stal con faze valves Quel to tyese levels Only. ‘a(t) at) &xu- fo ae opyilel Stra % oxilol Signal %& 0 sfypal Ural Bepsesen|s data a8 & sequence ol diocsele values, eui- e ¢ % : | oe 5 boo oO | ‘81 73] 9 = | ] | 1 | 5 | r Tt here we take “g' on the level fo oblorg dygilal s&nal stal signal 3 Need oF opyrtal_Sfy | x Al seal Ife Stynols O86 9neloy + opgtlal signe! used 9 communtcalton pacese to Mfnirib« bie eMeck ol no%5€ [onwoned SYqnal ’] Scanned with CamScanner ©y a 9g? cogsttes ASV a8 lew +o.ov (noise) digo Signal noises mH \ | Sfqnal processing s - an —d ate) ae och sample 95 , aorta, Compested tab Binoy ce eons i h 5 Code %S Keova os oiscsele te ” oaylal Spat . pay | Seyret porcessing 3 rs Lark ts used b0 analyze, modity onl Sytlhestze Me sina. 4 exlsacl je eset! tofesmalien costed oot by @ Sigal Yak 3 divided Talo & typ: (Analog, signa! processing @ opyitol oypot pscessing Orang Spa _er00:5%0)2- 5 spy prose Sy cecil ,e “os eahtch conseels of cchve ond passive elements . ockve —> Tansistes, ofede - - - - Possive —> AL, a Boggle san oratg sips powile} tobe dfiot tion tba: deal “P'S. patcesed , ates pccessing HE 15 apf comeded typ anatyy Scanned with CamScannerBlea diegson) of Copsey styal tad poos Fale oy lou POSS eer ep fa Lygpe bay Wwe a9 ep ch eH ee, Si a frag w oy vt b> Probe, ani convestes Advantoges ee ant Smpsoved ~ Seoos i, eohancernent > pccusate sésuiks > Flenible 7 opesation : > stable gyskyn | Dvowbodyss - | 7 Oelay 99 speed > cost Sncseosed > systems ond PREG % mnose Complex Appitoattnyss ~ i . ; 4 Speed ‘ond ausio[asee falesng cody, comonsoty of sys!) F Tingge ond video (cedsng animation ] + miflasy on) sp0ce[sodox psocessing -rmisstle goidorce] ¥ Blomed&al and Healthcare (cq ,scanctng 1 x-ty] © Conpomes —elechsontes (wotsie , ofgrtol WV, comess'] el Scanned with CamScanner| f inpote fonelion [cay]: sp ,t=0 o , tte aston | V saat 21 ute) Sct) = dull) d af oe) 0, Ko ‘err Spee | O vecgying abyse (e°" } ol ewe necayin yy ) Tyseostog Nokuse* - Eqcscosiey Scanned with CamScannerSMR Basic, opesations on Signal ¢~ 9) Ampritede (Seaitay, Aadtleon ssubstsodt¥04 ,muttrpteation | *) eae (Bigttang ocatng revel] act) om ¥ a1 —9 compression @ i Gr 2<|_ > Cxpanstoq 7 Adult) 4 q putt) alt= | Shifting: se t4q 20 ! | oO > | te -0 (eft shift) 7 f-a=0 ceo (sight shit] Time _sevessal ? - abe att) tha ° e odd (os) evey | Shool odd _Signol :~ Fr) aft) « n> sig = sig(-t) = -seql” exeq_sigoal +- Fit) oF (t) cost “= COS Ct) = cosk Scanned with CamScanner“ x(t) ' Find xt) = x(at-2) =a 4 ale?) a at-a) 009 1 ST Compsession ps by 8 og & — ano heF lic (scat 3 sey 6 - ss ya Sepa): # (alt) aiat) ? i 1 wpa (ale -)) ‘ | a 0 3 zl erpuse_Seqeenee*- . : ret. 4 5) a(n)= Santo) Sone) * (09) ) se) ,n#0 ae) ah) p) 8 (a0) 80) 3) ale) 8(o-H) = 9 a6) 2069-00) 4) & sn-v) 2009) = 3) &E) 2 $@) Gey Sigral:- (sen)] > s(s- & Ser) > Sen)= Sl) s6°) Str) (0) Son) ' > y a : yse HO sefon Figs, 800) = Sle) Scanned with CamScannerMyst Shep Sequencer. Oeqeled by OLA] * ofa) = ft re 0 neo of) Ont Romp Function 3- vat & defined as, sta) > 0 neo __ + Betaliogshtp bebucey Romp § vgit step | 3(n) -n ula) fo). - Unit _Posabolic: _— | x 1h % dekyed a5, nse Pla) = } z oO n< 0 Scanned with CamScannerVeo Be defined 3s, a (0) fe <0 e 3 at © »nz0 1 4 n>0, zypoton bio Sfgn0m § onel step ‘S| Gr v6-)-a baal mah opt) aselt) a (a]=0° ees Oa gt weeltt) x(nza9 wlgse, O>! ye, -1o, be signa) whl vow exponent aly | Gh falco, the Sina) decays exponention.y Class? Featiey of _ Signals © pestaltc an} _spesodte Siirel ata] = x(atn) whee, N tS beme pestod., of AE = eatte vod? aCa) = 11] +92(0) af Bt = Ralfogal (Pexiodte] 4 Ph i bi Ne Se =faione Capestodic) Scanned with CamScannerbine pesiod [N) = Be (os, ear eee een ere m 15 a taleges] we Ba 9g: OF Tt ge, Woe —> ~ ae dtm = im Hows ~ We = um “Cfo mat, tt 5: Sabionai] vom £ N ppceeatation F disorcle tige_siyeol pease wesc : @ Fondfonal serail 3 - > an fos 123,95 | a: [84 | 4 xe) a1,-3, fos 12-204 oo | Be 0, obheswise n -3 |-a -ala | a | a awn) TE Tr -1fo | ny 5 |u| vfo| ele |-2f- Scanned with CamScannerO sequence Repoecentations- ; i > &x) w(e}= pe . Been Reo > tefiagle dusaton ( a) Uw) TW) xB) Sequence ' ex om) = 2,93 8/56 § + ( beser x(o) = 3,40) =8, ge)=5, alu)=0 .%C3)=0 te, a(n) =o fos n<-2 and 1>3 Clementasy piscsele_ tame Stqnals © vy! _tapolse /onst_Somple + stl fs bo n-k \ > shrfted Impulse sequence ,800-4)= Po a Poopesties of Senpulse sequence’ © x(a) 8) = x(o) SC) | 1d, because 8(a) exrals only bat Ao) when S(a) 35 emubipriel Moke; (0) 25 mulltplie ot 0, &, Sips! yas a x(9) becomes zeso excep! wit ¥(0) . 6) a(n) 8 (0-4) = 404) &(n-4) shtlting poopesty, 8(n-) a-K=0 aah extgs of Neh. using 2. Sgn Scanned with CamScanner —ST 2 g¢n)S(n) = *(0) , OZ . Nee en we motiy 160) intth 8¢a) the sfynel_ valves he a 0 except ol (0). , vesolting stynal exist only 20 eo S oo Z x(a) &(a-n0) = xno) ys , (fe E. sigan -8(n 2) ne-N xCn) yr) heve, Ip > 2 2 x(a) SCa-mo) = Sin? (no) 2 61q2(?) 299g 4 frese No 20) S ata) So) = 4D 6G 8(0) 2.000) - ulo-!) ) ved () 360) ¥ s(n) = a(n) 9 alm) * 8(0) = a(n-*0) 9 axle) # B(o-n0) = (0-70) 4) a(a-no) ¥ B(n-9)= x (n-9-™") Proble $ a - 9 fq) fondornentol Hee restod vol SYM, ln) = 3.08 (0-29) vi t Given Sirol 95. 4 the fosm, .cosw “ae ~ 1 0 hese, Wz 02M , The pestad, T= ae oa on) Wins Fe omertal fe posted Te 25m = 10 th on Scanned with CamScannerOx x(0) = S% (1?) - chech 1 95 pesfodee of not ? Sol:- Given, Ho) =S%q(P) fs ?) T= ae . a8 d 2 + + ts an rational - 82 sl 2% apesied?c a Jomentat qe Pestod > O spa iscagatam gn: Fig] on t yon wo =f wy? 5 uys = oh eee Te2 oh THe 6 % 5 x 2 op = at ale T3=4 Tiqe Rested = Lomf 8/614 ¥ = By Sey Eqesgy Oe ond powes Signals aid be “intl ond Enesgy Signo re The enengy of the signal snd an Energy = z [a003]” shovid be Powes_stgpalt- Panes shold be Feesle ond 2reay9 caferh 4 2 Signal - No 1 rewes(P) lee Saco)” [srt ide Ry Mtl ea ie a jae)? [suret 3 pee] ENN ae-N was @) 30" — OL ora OE p% afi-o™! ot) dot “) ft) X« pe per Os 6 pet fos p> __d Scanned with CamScanner9 eee”) thendind ener ar paves.? . od=p 92 20 yo oo por 8H * 2 ful? = s ne ia) Zz = reltitlt - - - = > 2. energy #5 tnfrare- => €= gi: pan tl $ 2n-ot! = in = - fomet® ane BAM te ial ently = fen 1— Att Aza ant) = dim (tty) . at 4 N> oe > ° (at 4) ats «owes =H ® x)= oa 2.0) -3, 15 find Coe8ae en) Rous? ae OF Oras nee taiat gu) 3 xlo) 2 cB foe)”. & ea” az 4 ; = 1962) a tei x?(0) + xay + (3) 24 ay grtot C3)” 41> Pe ___ os [aeal? one en) Scanned with CamScanner© wo)=AYutn) - Prd 6 FP? 1 i | Sof: nN —= Ez Jn 25 lao” No ned my yp ew “fo 2 (" bo, &, | (2 € = bien é (4)° nde Azo nt Hy? cob). (1-0) et t N celal Se ant) 2 (400) om \ oS = =~ 7? N22 “antl ns Syslen_ Propestizss - © stoble_ ond ungtable’ - a (* fonows " 6oorded Taput Bounded oop) Stoble —> Fraike unstable —> zaFenile. -5 stab = eoondes tle —> Boomed ole vnskobie = Bounded "IP —> unbounded. olP S [hc] } 3i(n) = CoS aca) Mo(n) = C08 %Cn) af t colts, teas ss ai(ojta@o) = 0° a(n) + CoS ton) g's s(x) = CoS (ato) +2260) J here, a'¢3" .& a wa oq —Hqea8 aysten - @ sCa)= a(an) si(o) = 2(89) gla) =% Can) ghz 4iCo) 4 Daa) = 94 (aa) + #3(a9) se atn) = 2 (8. Ge)+ asta) | — tego, % Non-lqeas - @ sel= a 200) 4m) 20. 2,00) sgn) 2092(0) ge sued yg ta) = OF endFamaCA) = o(a,ca) -+22(9)) > s'23Q)= a (aen)ta360) ) L teateg" fo th % Wepas- Scanned with CamScannerive MOTO” Tae Frost é= oR Oran inp ond ockpot chosocleststics changes usttts time a} tf wos i axiog) alteswtie Tp wostoal ‘Ww aq Fondtog vostoble. et ty OK 8 bron Vostabi? - > pepe “Ry rN 9) Funckton vaste 2 g2(n-a)- 9 @ x= 7 ev(o -a-k) > (octoy ky hk) > O ylo-*) carlo 1. egO =&@ 5 qveq ts a Tes savastor - Ka) —> (Replace 9 by nx) 2® po 2 x(a) 4+ Ha-2) (008) = (nek) +4(n-H-8) > 0 eK) = x(0 on) +x (a4 8) © » O-@ > tre anvontoqh 0 Aa) = 9 209) aaa-K) 0) ‘ak’ > (0-0) = 4) x(o-k) 2@ silo SQ@m)= fepiace “A by | c OO D Tine vostont 0) ala) = 9-7) . Sloe) =4C-0-K) al) Replace, q—aa-K tnx) 24(- (0-0) eacate) 2D 1 O40 > eae vostont Scanned with CamScannerCS stotte_ond gyramee :- Skaize (memosyiess): oolpat agen cereals 00g 0 Re vawes oF np - Saron ineneg}- let ol sen vawer of | %mput_ ak ony tadont of tap - € sen) = x(n-2). «ok ng 920, M(o) 272) past vane’ 9=-2, yea)=4C4) fo, ab 45 dynomite - 5 04 post 05 fob © send = 300) tl") Wnz0 > yto)= moar) c 32. a2 i) = acl) +%Lo, n > 3¢1)= 4c!) Uo) 1 thas. dynoméc » @ sea) = eX) 2 azo = eF ©) ert) n=-! ah as stake. on psesert vaivs. $0 Depending ® Xo) ='ey x09) azo & ylo)= 1g *),,4) teskalte Sythem> pees Syed eg HEL * Paobiest Ose cos ain). chech fs ts fats , w/tw , cavsal [on-crol O syen)=c0s a9) Myla) 2C0S 260) te ya) 49) =e Ho) +008 4319) ‘ye! 3" 2 sGala)4tal) = cos(at io) 9 779 1. Non —Wigeov- Scanned with CamScannerv nde 05 100-09) 2D von ) (nex) 2008 x(o-e) 2D “o- 20) > covsdl Pog envoy! £2) (0) = c08 700) fo) = 09° wo) yo) = 625 yu!) Wt causal. veperds 07 presen! values. fT at? pa 2 S_ Hla). check a(-0) + Hlt!) fs Ls/vts 4 ga = suln) * Salm) = 82l> -a) 4. (04) n= pe a a,Coa)t% (at!) (op) +X Cnt") glen t 2) gis Hee)4 hy Cos) + a(at!) +42 (nh) nges" > gk %S Lepot- )10)= (eo) + LN) | ytoye 2-02) 44.09 post Fobwe. _-> Noq- caus *) oa) ea) 4a loa KC oery ly *) Repiace by n-k, > gtn-w) = XLe)+ (n-#+') OD O-Qate Me tavastog! + i I Scanned with CamScannerEE ——— ie bie [unstable © MCD = Boman ate) . check for U8/N1S, Ty/rwy sto = Se OD sys Z signa m(o) eae Mola) = J seqita %Ca) Peo Nowy y'< y(n) 99) = ES (0) 4 Zine neo) as 2 sign (asm oxy) egtsy" 9, tS Vieeos - @ detoy by a An) = 2 Siq Ta a(a-*) =O Nowy ao -K > yord = ZB sign (o-k) alo-O n= hese en) # eg). & it ts Tiige. Weiby b. @ tin) = 2 Styne tn) Nz -20 S_ nea) = $iqT0 8a) 2-00 = Sty (0) » 79 S_ hin) Loo . Bt 2% Stabe. ns tc orenalton on Signal itr) GC) Amprttode Seating 12 : rere 0 Bx) 5 6 3 “2 vt ' =r fet ave Scanned with CamScannersf a>! —> dectmalion feompsssion} acl, > Sfeapoialton fexpanstort 5 mata) ¥72(n) wsilog xs(o) a 4 nit 2 4 7 fl. as Uda, oF 2% Kiln). Tan) walt tatiog? . tn) ato) | leper Ly = te!) | n L ea Convoiution ack) url —> y(t) sepise [ont step |b) ootput BSpoqse Shee hth) to - Impulse PROSE, 2 (gce)= w)* he) | fos conttavous. tqe Saat Fos o15:- 2) Sb iny J 10) > fac xeor9 neo)| _ 2 0a) = xen) Wo -v)37 (os) Jhla)x(o-T4F — Scanned with CamScanner@ Te eapuise sesponse of Ltt systea 9 hea = $ yy3919 + Delesmene te sesponse of Sysb") to Ake fopol signal TED= By2,3.43 7 ’ ac {os} 9S” Bol; ACn)= tA: 2344 123 me ae Pa agnd43 s(a-2)4 4 8(0-3)¢ as hide Pur8de j 23 of! S hea)= 4 Sen) 43 sca-3) -ay 4asca-94 ae ho) wean, yd2 He HO ate) | we 7 Yi Sen) =P 411,26, 30, 9 191494 a 2 [sas (97 fe a pons. @rad Me convowtion a a Sequence wor Wists ob guen (rx OF ati) efba. os il node fa, vol 200 frag 2” Soh ye) = S_alnyh(o-¥) ate «) , atk) [ oe 2 ; oO ner) Dome Scanned with CamScanner% A % a(n)h(o-h) (-1.01,2.300,5) a > herr) ' on 7 “oy Ags! roe ' atl P _ a ‘ zo ant) 028 x 44 \ 2 ate) =242 = 4 FI - o seae th pees matsiat meted. hon) Dygefur 053 hide wg afol{ng 165,3,05,05,-15 3) g0od= $0 2135 wide fut be equal. g,wWe do zeso pod? st of 200) ca) shoold be eg A %v te Wns fi05 ; ZA ° =) 1,3,5/310 2 wolf 73/518 i 3 vo Propedlien o F conoratiog:- Deanmadive popes ta) #h(o) = heer “0 Je ho (0) 0 pistehutve ca) # Chon)thaed) = #0)* wie) + B aseoesative ¢ (520) ated) hal) = ata) # { hGo) * hg} =~ es Scanned with CamScannerYX rs © axeyx ben) = y00) %Ca-,) hana) = yoni?) © sea ¥ S¢a) = XC) ® wla-n)s s(aens) = xlo-9-%9) @) 8a) « Sn) = Sea) (@) sca) ¥ ga) kgq@)4 - ~~} 2 8E) © x) #0) = 2 50) +0 ® VO) ¥ of) = (an).vle) Wor) 8) = 000) @ vlora) # get) =? we_knew, ulm) ¥ Son) sul) 2 ulna) # &(a-u) 2U(04? -») vat?) ¥ S@-4) = ula-2) y rfescamneclin) of _Spsemsr- oO Ades: - {i a)} dy sel = Aln)+ HN) Orconstort_ morktpites:- x€o)_,% _.4(9) > 0 (0) 6 Stgpal_mullipies: - oulo) (0) = #4) * Xan) 360) @ ont demg:- lays xa) Co | s¢a)= an!) Scanned with CamScannerSa y il advange clement io {2b _ 5 el=aton) } be fovowtng gpsten gateseqs of es toting blocks se} ae gnput and y(n) %5 colpat - al) sa) = a Yo + + 4 xa) as ! x(ait) 0) # g(r) 2 Or y(a-!) #9 y(n-2) + b #0) Me , b sod at. P? Jros sb) ste) J due t 1 [. ~ fli Ts as ae (o-Z atm] Todonentol tage ret, og | ['- “| d Smet faquerg (%) > ‘io.of Samples pes S20 ie Scanned with CamScannerNysuesh ly quest es ey = iets Ws > IwWm 45 = abn # > Aygurst Somptiog sate, faeaFry : Gaeas constant Col fete wrt feserce cocky [iceoe) inet * Any dtserele tne Syston con be veesecented by iiqeot Cota] Cocffterent defleseqce equation - rey] Go] = S04 lost Za be HO) Azo h=o : be havtng two ‘Sadsbas, ° SA Vepas Syston an a te, [a(a)= Rod gendus + PT (pasicoos sap) : Noboso! BeIPNSe!- np Rqput poovtdel b> be syste (se=0} ee eet sapsk % poovtded bo tie systen (re $0] | rap. pnl! tq. fier TxA taftntle tmpalse Response, FIR— Feoile impulse Response . : 1S oon ; sa)= S_nti)x(a-n) (ov) & honyalo-k) | Oo — hem = "a ae | ley ef ye -0 to oo => IER fe ve —m bom > FIR Fegtte emg - mee. —d Scanned with CamScannerv FIq Spptem Tg _gystera a % mpose sesporse has oltaile alge Fate ox syene. 05 Fa it in Jeagth yn) Z—NOdalo-¥) + Fes cousal 1% System, ie heo _2 | foneh EY = m0) afo-n) | fon 1005 z y need Potke memos ¥ Aeed safenile memes, ri open con be designed st con be signed Osh deHesence @qv0tion wy tavautiey qoation ee a ” 4oe- Sy aCO-W) + S by ala-w) hel Kz0 Te eee -5 oy dex) 4 Eby ACH) 5b Ke) Kr0 oy vey depender Feedbock fosszasd CoeFfrezent oH bye Dey dependent feed fossud coeffectert . Oxted 860) $81) ,y hén)= Sea) - Soi) ead 305)? i 10) <(8C0) 48-1) * (sta) -S¢o-)) a) - 86-i) + Sa-} 2 {a)# 860) ~ 86) * S(n-1) 4 SE) * SO 2 Sta) — 864-4 841) - 80-11) sla}= 86)-80-9), Compewany Funcln:- Te seals of chocachestetie polynomial , AM Cygne ag M4 =~ == Oued at a] Tools > AvjAd ABs - nq nn Nohsial wesronse <> y(t0) = C)AN+ cy Az tC AS t ~~~ (exs0) 9] =c-F4PLr Glee Mored S3p09" (oJ = Rats! 8Ao1Se 4 N took ose Some, ICH) = cian co = (citand ce )ar, Scanned with CamScanner NaresPAry eo - =© odemine bie zoo hp aln2] 20 with enthal SL y@] -3yfn-') - 4 a7) = 2 D> atig wr l-qa™ 20 x7 (03a 8 0 => yfa)= car 4G An Ain] = ¢G)+e” Now , N20 t9 0 Bespone A Syste y()- 330 condetins ¥erS vC42° * 2 30 J © chasadensste ont yoga 4 =e pega ta 4 = a(a-s)4! (a-u)=e pars! > Xo) -3y61) - -2]=0 5 se) = 3¥e) 4 23s F470 DMO) = ENG UY” 5s =O + ale) 2a,+ce we ae x01} - 370) - 7-0 ya = ye} 4476) e3ns tars xon= 65 1 Voy an}s cc set) e010 > now) 3M) =o CH) 4e2 6 Now) ac, ther 25 >B, 4ey 213 ~ -g, tHta=be Crier = 1% ene ='S cz) 4 a) 2 (aor ves)” = Coo 2 Scanned with CamScanneren Ts Honan yo. hen | aa” AP (hod ty ict = on) A CosWon Josten Yh, CoSwip + 19. $80 Kuso eve pasticuios Ssoick®> 4 A the deffeserce equdton 0 hat Male EHD EOD xc0) when The foscing frodtin (1) 09-2ay gr _leb am’ = au) me -) -2, of acl wats Gh +a a med a, no) pat otto ha= 3 naa - 7 hea eee weZ hCG Qu Ke toh -W424 = zay = S SK ake Yo (9) =a = Bg" 38 Dodesenine posttenlod sadiog ado fp difference ent 2. 1) Yale 3x(n-1)-4Y(q -2) 210) +A¥Gr1) wher eput 85 Ao=4'v—) Bam = 4%ucn) > Yetn) = bg Ve) y ca oka” oe Ypin) = & n 4? ta) Scanned with CamScanner, Non- veconstve Sygkon Recuscive Gyskem OT st) oe) fred | yen) hon) « rt dessa hove, Feedback, Feedlo @ celesntne telat soidion afnd tthe diflesence equotion KD~ 8400-1) -Uyla-9) = 9) 4aaler') wheoe tte ‘ont Sopene ts HO) = Yarn). Sats - Y@)sovh4 Yer (a) (r) = Nolu) sesponse + Fosced vesponse . AEE! Yh(o) = 4@) Sylar) -tiylo-A20 nn re Nak Lyx e20 7X? (x-2a-4)}eo “Noles- TF 9 tesm tn Ory of be Pookiculos gout, corkesas solution gh complemenrtoty souk then natal by za Spot ¥ JOA, D> deosy aca) =u ul) Yor (0) = hau) | SS MA) ~ Sylar’) tyler2) = Ho} 24-1) > wnt Hor DE™ -yaCady™? 2 yea.gr | : Bools ase & 9 Complementasy ation 8 Sob 122 | Ka.le 34H -4KOON” = Gt B Ban - 1h = 24 => Bon=24 Spr Je 0 YO) Keo & = See One 2h £ (9) Pen) | a 1 Scanned with CamScannerwe We wolotcl Tespense tos the pete gaytaet) 1seo 9) = ala) xGo-1) where * xo) (3) Her) |g alia Bexponse + 13CD= | Mm 24 x? x Cx oe =0 aw? =o lpr ue! wo) 03 wo) = (4 yo stop 20-19" 3) = wa) ato-') | nad P+ m(o-) ray ances Gy DAs -\y) are” Apr@) = ha raven) ’ ioe Gri) Nobel sponse fos gen eatin (D 1942) - By (oti) tan) = 0 “sta) = 49 tApsx Sing Ce?) - aya 74 mre yn ye = 0 . 2 (2-84 we yee_, duvocdeniste equation : gb 0227 ‘ 24 7 vo) (n=O pearar = Ae gh ON AED a y fd aer- © seis) - Sy(at!) + byln) 297 Scanned with CamScannerwe now, y(n) = A hla) tIp.r Mon) = sat gen” = © oo Ce 5a+ bar ]=20 ss ba*-6Adl co Ach mAs ts oe eesponse b(n) suln) ts @a system having o vntl Yenpol i colpot 30). excited by a signal xine x” tn): oelen Sh: Gun, hin) 20) x(a)= even) xa) = hla) # x0) = uta) ¥ x ula) 2 S om) wo" vl) n2-00 4 = | ° 9 =s WJ ° 4 = lt tote —-- ay Bh) eiec aes | 00 joe oO i 0 ae _ ee — Scanned with CamScanneryr nst-2 5 OTET yait-2 + a (orscscle_ Time me_Fousiés Teoasfoin ) 5, to convest 9 oBcxele time 87 ipa! fom th Ime a oo Asequency demo! oT ct an) nck) an) —PTEL> x(w) 05 X(e%) Tage bo Ssequeng, ne 4 2) Peeguency bb me domatn,, ¥(w) 06 X(e®) FOET > x(n) fosulas- orFt —? tans fom : a Ny C-T-F-S ‘ a ae i cane AprC pro = o+P ; ose T ptAP ee J in} §) oclewntge PTET of Stgnal a(d=a 404! Be g¢n) = a 970 oo )n<0 oe. Aw)= So” ot a 30 9-280, 2m zbw OC e a 2 7, Sw) (ae yrae™ + =S (a¢€ 3 Pee eine oe “ned ~ Scanned with CamScanneroo, A een ae \ Nowy %(w) = E_omeson ; nsw wa Ss hanging tim} <5 yw) = 20" & a S one” -l azo i = oe sw _ ae? 2 1-140e = = oes \-ae 2+ X(w) = X,(W)4 Xe(w) Sud st + 2 ' Trae? “Vo0e™ y ® cmd oret of sends f ectine) 4 ¥w) = Smo) ese ; ° 343) © i we Shy aedé pot), get = Xo. sw 950 = xiterxe> aro ete goon gw ee ‘aw yw) = 1 gestae”, @ x)= Sta) Fiqd orrT. ger? | “Os a : gaye! 197° | , 1 ° panto, Sol Scanned with CamScannerFr nye ula): Figd OTFT =] ¥ 309 y= S oye sb a te 7 shy 930 ro) ° “920 2 =Z ie * sul) wos, or 1 ADHD | SY) 6 Sw yg BIH -0 330 - Ee yta) = u(a-) Find OTT 301 endef F502 x(w)= vla-n)& : te Z ) O71 2 ese 4 - S$ 4th -$ = giwh esol! D, iodo) , Le 258 (eM To || soe \ eo 20% sary ] } Pind OTT oF 0% V(n) ¥(w) = S x(a) eo 2-0 & Sw = Sa%yn) n20 o lay 2 Sarg ° ° 2 a = 92% yaheS” yore St Gags a aa 2 40407 OM Scanned with CamScannerPoopesttes of oreT:- Oear- reas: in) <—-> x (5) Malnye—> % (23) oe Semin) Basle—> 2% cle) Bxate)| Orne sein ae <—> x (8) H(n-n9)—> 30 y(e™) Fnpolse : So) | Bated ee sa)eoe I S(a-2)ed O41 “| © wend = (2) “oo (Teme shitting J \ (y vo)e— Fao (:0%Gen) = Tae | cn jot (35 wo Hy, © (Don). Fad orFr. 50 ve hove, (2S v@-) = ") Lee Ry 2 GY 00-1) = GY > Sade * ies Salt @ Teme Revesea) + - Se 4n) e—> x (e™ ) wen)e—> x (oS) Ets (Ay ved) Find DTT? sot (4) —> A ven) &—»> Scanned with CamScannerv > lon Ute) —> : oH 5 offesence properly U xin)2—> x(e™) [ae a0 lo) & xt) gna) a> (1-6) x(6) r =] > scaling esvpesty:- : e a axcn) —> (6) a(%)<—> xe") 21k) x(un)e—> *(E 2D converion ziln) ¥ Xl) ae X(w)- mtv) csmatipttcatty: - ] a x(e*) y(n) <—? Xo (&) , > xl) ae tel (e)* x09) 9) Frequency shat tpg Proper : in) — * @) ane” , > (ei) 9) porsevols theowen:: — v 2 2 | , . Z [aol eo J [ie] 4 Az-00 bal] D otffeventiokg ‘it Sreprercy So a(ajz— > x (8) - n-x(a) <—> 14, %€ ) Scanned with CamScannerFO prwtin s 09 OTEF = ce"ucn); wel fend OTFT: Seg: tone Given, ogi , so bial we x= FS uene o ? . Wowesy ataye veo) 7 0 ’ et azo; (4) a phaky ers: wonely (3) G8 : cal manney . Cn) Com vepsesenled tm beams of gp phico| ro Yo wig ' UG) —> xn) ume! ,9 20 : 0 )n] x(&)* Tage af oe 73 Of KS! te r Hen WHO, 3) ei, K(e) = ea vy wet, ent x (0) = je wes tree (cost Farr] | } %X(E) output goaph %, ee XO) Scanned with CamScanner& On). F¥ad TFT.” 0 ia) oll) = x(e%) = E xine”? nz +00 xe) Z (ae pot 92-9 -3e Sf ofo 3). Find OFT? Bue= (3 sh yge)> Bawde™ nse a 30 z - 219° & (46 ey = Dynes a x(0”) = =. (oe) zo \ ste) 2 z it ay =(é fd n-B=m ® wa) 2 uta). Fad prev? va) oe Scanned with CamScanner, a.) ote ® alm) = (n-8)v(a-5)—uln-b) + ind OTFT? fo 650 X(w) = SE” — (ed) ce) afte eB 2H § a Ofnd over of wipe & stat eT 7 § ond evawole XU) of --=0- Sob- xe) - F atayee” = = Baye" ne ' sw) °, jo fe x (de) = | eS, gi 1 3004 axe nts sf p)+ 34? (exsi-“ftnn) os awt83t/20) 4a (est 35 + @saw-3 ue = a@saw + yoosw + 3 x8") 2 3th cso) +2605 8) - ak w=0 Xo) = 3444? =F y Q Fed tag sek the eagrtole ¢ Pose ll font 39 gay 0-5 (xeon) -2)) Sh ccosting ene x (0-0) > exe) 5 y(e*) : 4 ei x| i) - se) xe) - eo( seer 1). (8) «4 (ee-€* J 2 | xe") pe ge 2 Scanned with CamScanner Settagg PmRCoLy afen (8) = |omwl sR Sin >0 =-R Staw ei 2H@Y) = ac” =) x(e3”) -€ § Pe sa-i= a} w20, H(e%) = BC eg-\el 3 ge Sle 52h weit, n(O*) ae? Io_ gritla z OO- soles) - Ol 6) ad) OFF? wi (a- 5) v(a-5) = a* xe) ret vey Les sub | ula-b) o> eswe S50 482) = Oret (nv) invie) oTeTs 4 (7 tae) aus) <——* “y 4, ( U ‘0 ogy (eo) C8) nv(s)4—— *8 aS ww (-é nu) <—? =. 7 ee) Sw > i 6 30 oe : » (n-syucn®) "© 7 f : oe Scanned with CamScanner[9.5409 ws) ® Find sequence of min) , xe : ] Sah x(e50) 2 E53 (os +0- (eed 3) - 3 pase = 05€ 40.56% gu) aoe x(e%) = ose 40.95 4° ) ae) nto) 3 o 8 0.25 Xin) = te a5) x. ? a-s) and ‘part 550 | ® a0) (o-2) vlo-2) -vll S08! - sw) Sekt hon) —— Br fa (ie ep 1-2" ,, 05) 23 30 (0-2) oe > EBPIP - (re) (i-é © Feqd Convoiwt ton, xla)= (ay ven) sala) =(2° 00) Se aul) # gala) e—> xulw)* %w) Te (2)°ve) # GOI — 1-36" @ A foostes beonsfosm pois 8 ove by, &-T nese 2 ne ay olat3) <> Sint Meg Fé 3 ese i x3 (8) *(3) ray ge ® ae Scanned with CamScannerato) = no) Find DIET? > Fume a5 le 1~eSw axtn)e—> x4, x) nu(n) <—> 5 4 pb. aw 1-634 aver) <> 3. (1.6%) 9) t-P ava) <—> G-e”) cregy_ Srodtsa Oenstls (e505): re gratotbution al enengy of 0 Stgnal 29 Ke Sreqency- goootg “© canied Eso cov) Eenesga density | a the bolal enemy ot o nde energy Seqdence ala) 25. Given by Ge S xt? € o- fom psSevo's “seraktor, 2 7 = 2 ote, |x») deo a Fy Pasting sen 95 Caned tke. E50 age") = |x ey a Cnewsr) |x? (fh, ‘Te €Sp, Plu) = [xe] te Alo! =_7leL % [wl . 2 ceo at ae foeken — wrt LT wo ot op fondgoq — wylul =| xe)! aeog Scanned with CamScannerPx) 5 (noo yw) | Yy@) = Jr vx) slp 660 - olp €s0 empolS® ses S€ nantes): “Got fs an delesar0H° sepa . sonst re sine! 8m HE ¥ ihe ein of ovesage PF powes eo sa as caued PS? (ot sist Frcquency domo 4 xk t% fos aclesamisle & 5008 seu ; k tk specifies Bie Powe’ evelS ok the FeqeOG compone psesent en a Signal A and we @A Jelesmene the t0N96 of oust opesaling al i oves which tke . $f70) seq peri os S Pan —s,nlott |Z rn) aod Frepaerey Bensfal_ot Fak oF PEPT 1 Con sdeab, the Poeyuercy comp having relatively oveokes powes KvelS 99 the 3 e- } a ae ey Sfp) 2 fim 4. [ptt dt y | tli Scanned with CamScannerWee_of 2 teens x Fe PO 89 Z-beonstosms 95 endicaled as chcle codaras [ paws 0 bib Checle, " i peel = (Right Seded Shai) 260) S440) ; \-az loz" |< 1 i JZ1 tactzt lzl> lot cose a Nesthes Gesqy Nob powes[NenP] > covsal le j a > ‘onsloble aoc dossat acwde vat ciscie. (zi siai] t Op £60) 2— ol = l2l>lal (exe sunstobie } O(a A > lel >}4 {cavsat tase’) Oey vge— 1 5 {al sist (cavsal ynstobie) 3 1-37! 9 ab) Ye) FV . J | causal , slab Q (2) ue) > tgace| lf sa Scanned with CamScannerBHO oro) Coe > tele sided siynol ao - ' a y(t) ez» 9% ma -oe lor]el \Z1 [teteto) 2 a in oose® lai< 1 lal >4 * Shynal_ a5, 2) NENP + stpal 15) #) Bounded +) toy -causa) : #1) stable #1) onstoble et) lon -Cavsal . un bounded . : Oh gen. Izl l2lélel 2 Non causal ondable sal , stable (28 cae Fale jee} once (3) ver lzl< \4] —> Non- causal jonsteble. -(3 uta-!) ee Izl caver) (2yR OCA) =p nloy cal | oul") <-> om | lozl <1 | Scanned with CamScannerFr ype (ve) + CY UEe) HloY un) ' soln) 22> ein 2. izl>I3l es)°vln) <4 1 =) Ie! [5] 1-(-s)z! 0" un) 213 _! > \zl > |rol \-1027! doket: when mose than one causal functions ove odted en Roc. 25 bounded by culesmnost pole te, Roc — 12] >lol type -6) 7 —— SM yc-n-t) + S°0E0-!) 4 (212131 tal cis! Roc Nobet- yshen ‘Non - Cosa! foncktons ose added then Roc 5 basndéd by tonesenost pole. te, Roc ts, Izi< isl Alobe:- xf on) % bso sided sfqnal ond ren the Roc win conto o Bay 79 z-plane that tude Iel-¥ ef Izl ex Ciscle %S th Roc én. So(e)- 30-1) J IzI 7 lol 1214131 rRocs aiu) ~ \ * Roc of x(z) Constals dt 0 Cece *9 ‘Z plone. # Roc of X(2) doesAt contotn ony pole. ty of Frntle, dusdlion Fen foe wan be caltse z-pey * rf x) ok 20 and 2220 except posstly 4 ¥{n) <> x(z) f : 2) Right sided stynol > Largs oubesmost Pole fos Poc 2) Left Sided Styne > Contains ennesnost pole fos Pat. Paopentes of a-beonslon Liqeos ie C Ueaens_es0Reslye yo e > x2) 22 (0) <—> 40) 3+ B x(a) <——> * x,(2)+ B X22) ics ee Hn Scanned with GC aseorne!y |d]elz<|3] bea the 0 ale) +90) ~9 Roc 18 comvesgene of ayo) — wale) 4s _[gl 7 °X(2) X (nino) <—> Z” x(z) Poof + 2 -9 ee Za (s¢Ca-ne)) a a xla-n0) 2 ne -00 deb 9-9 =™ ae mino 2 -"N z1(am)) = xlen)z nes of m-no Np? =m 2 sag an) = PZ HO) Z nz-00 2-00 @ exponential moikeplicotion (Seating Gaz domatn) x(n) <2 > x 12) aga) <> #12 Proofs zt (oP 20] 2S aan A700 22 aa” renee _e2 Fee) () a a yin) = x|% (D Tiqe_Aevessal XojeZty xi2l x(-0) <—> x Iz] = x[4] Scanned with CamScanner“1 Poooh- z.4(aeny) = Bude feb -9 = e a Sn Z x(n) Z > 2r( ato) 0 az : mm 23 oe) mz-00 wea) = a) * x2) | @ ottfesentiolon | nul fgprtcation osopeslg Ato) <> 5 xr a. x(a) <—_" 7 ag) O* x(e) 2 cot £36 az" ~ converokon _esepesty a x(n) % ¥2C0) a” mt) Zz n.v(a) ye iva) <—? ~? (25) pune > Ze ) ex) 2-7 of navi)? Soft v(a)<—— a avta)e—> a z no%un) <—> ala — —— ee Bey 20% ula) <— Fea i Scanned with CamScanner"9 Sy of G-)vh-")> . 2:7 2, ig 9 vin) <> Fo aMln-1)<—> z (o-)ooe22> viz (a9) 92” (2-1)? | (a) v(n-!) e——?_1 _ (z-) | a ond Fino! Valve Theosernk » cet These ) sneltol_vatus theese? yrtol WS aot) = At ae z>0 Firol_vo vawe _breos theotem*- | (eo) 2 ten U-# “xt i 22! : : Loves - Troqstos: avesse 2- Woqses posttat Faockton 6 poses saves EpeaTtON | @ postions oockion 2 | Y@O= G-Tle08) zzt=) xz) = 2 — 7” z (z-!) Go: ) _* — 2 a +B fa) (08) “Gad (PS) = A(g-05) 48 (2-) 3 at acy oy te neers) #0 > acre Be ee Oa B(-0-S) Gr -! Scanned with CamScannerxayse2 -2_. G-) Gos) rind zr of mtd= De B a 2_ = £5" GD X(z) = aed @) a x(2) 2 1 _ Lt Se pee BD & X(z) = a 4 =auca-) -(S = duo) -(- ar) = a ua-1) - 8 0e9-) © Powes Sestes (owisto) enelhod) eax tedy eo. X(z) = ste! X22 ttar'+oz4 —- ¥(o) 21, xCi)J=20 , x(2)20* > X(a) 0% uln) > x= Ex@)z2, sarttal vake theovem: vittal_vole, _Treoser xo) Be] Bien X(2) Aoler= xatlal G Final 27 asia 2-2 awg con fad foe cout -/ Wz System ont’ a rs i Ci-z") (+0 sx) 1 —d Scanned with CamScanner Key U0) = ae Oe2 \to_ G-0) (ro) Hoe |v . Fn) Iv. O1O* Eye) “A # Fee BO LcB eC) ee ad “200 * Figal_Yaive _Theosem~ = x(a) fo (z-) x@) = ty (1-2 ") xz) z>1 os @ rad Fvt of X(z)= yy? _ We beet) Hee Be Ot) tia) | em Oe) 2fim 2 OS) Bape) a) OD) . ve ” 2 pe) tie) 02 ' oe) hea to" Gad) (Ve >) 2! Scanned with CamScanner= Jen Yt (44) (re YY X@) aly 4 obed 0g Ah] & x) Boo cous dts xm) pe) a f wa) ' io valve 0 Ts wf the 2-1 of yn) 2s fa wed 7 Bh yids F xen) = HD¥ VO S yend= x(a) #Uer) Toye z-T > ya) = «2: 25 ae) 2% ais eo g = Z-KCe z (ey) > > x@)= day oe aga? @-V (2-9 -3 y2) =az eS. xn) = ala 3) wow y(@) = a.u(s-3) = aut!) x2) =0 @ Scanned with CamScannerFyysies brorg fos) ust pes toate. (e) care escsete } a | we QT kK DAP | Gece, =o int} “xe osasle Freguerey. (io ® _— lh — ¥ an ort of a9 No sample: Stg7! ata) % te ve oosies sa as gen y> aqiesse atsosete the % (e®) = Soe qz-08 (orer) . 3a wa sy ws dt Ke wee) = Saco? N ‘ a ' n-) J ort > x)= Sala) 3 MY N=0 ‘ No) ° sopr >| x(n) = + sw @alak n20 Twrddie actos Twiddle oot Ni ‘ - OFT tq the fom of Tuiddle faclos, Scanned with CamScanner- eset Hows Wy = 4 > x) s J wn) ao ” eg | mea E ROE xad= Sx) a y ~ =z aa) 3 3 i 2 5 alo) nz0 ec ) coy 79 @)'+ wu} = Keo EXLHAOE)HA, rade? arg -345 : neo a . 2 ua) = Zeta GO <2 54 n20 o no i 4G) = #0) syed (sy+x0) oF w os) . - agen + we) C4 ws ort xy cr eer tee : or) °F oan ' | ; g a) wit sort, ¥M)EN early Mn = [awe x? 9] Swe ak 43) eS ae as) = xo) — Scanned with CamScannerapy en 8 xc4) = po eyes a potqt. ort Y Po rp it ort /soFT 3 aat_OF fort ‘ a3] x0 w z wp] 4) 7 . . . am) = 9 x00), KO) XO | ' x00) x0) y Apne é {fra rx) : J * (. 5] (‘ce Feqserty: ws) [ x0) we a 2 wat] | *e Ye! ¥(0) oe oy re) xc!) wp wi) L t 1 1 x0) wp aNk ) (ws'd (3) x xe) 1 wy wit" Scanned with CamScanner——E—_ | 4 potot ort [2067 Xn) = t x0), XO) # 4 AOI Ws BDz p v(ed, xed 1 20)! 67 fx 2 owe hy HS | X(0) “a 2 wi xa) | 20) Jofwe NW . . x(2) | | XO) woe Wal Wa es x(3) % (3) we why by in ' x00) ; | X(0) : 3 th | xe) xa) | = \ Wl x02) x0) ee ee XG) | 2 : ’ TOFT* Fyto) fe xe) — 1 eV te xc) tes xn fog ah che Ee 5 BA) fe x0) 10) ae A stb x03) mL : (4 rom DFT of or sepence 110/283 ts : 1 to ftek. ae we Know a(K)= si © : aia We eb ta ° 4 : <3) tt -9 3 xg 4x) = (tote 8 5 ‘ on | 4.-$xo 72.735... : i435 Ayu? 3 y 3 29-29-35 an 85 4-0 Bd) on 5 Nobsi- : ! FT. . bas gyorg sane! e . [amr] OF SS a, Scanned with CamScannerne O6e 6, 1-83,0,3-45,0 , 34145: ™E tost two Porn’ oy - rio 3 ye OFT e f Ke atk) = 2¥ (x-*) Now, %(6) = x* (8-6) = oy (2! 2b) = 0 iy xa) = x" (8-9) =a) = 1435 @ fest S ptt of (8 cord OFF of 0 seal Volwed Sz! 51-83 3-43, 3445 8 au Cote By i axle) = 7¥ (N-k) a(sd= x¥ (8-9) als)2 x ¥ (8-6) =a4(s) 2x¥) = 8445 - 20 aa) = x¥ a) ae © 85 : (D4 poiqk OFT tl weol vowed OT Sfgnal 20nd J Jong : a ts Xk) Keon Th WO)EC, at=t431 - rhied Fen £8) ond xh) ose ne) wii eB wudet cae) [ROM x(3) = x* (a-3) x0) 2% & xiv), © a a3) = x¥Cl) ek Zw). i me ' e 4 (74 x()s20)+ 7d J 24 (seh ae vA a | Scanned with CamScannerTWwidie Taco a ere: Prin ui Le We San 7 2) x* (qa) = x0) OFT Psopesties O rene Revs 5 ie) <> #4) Xn) OFT 5 x(k) a Orscsele tye ones Aeqenty saler)n x Oe) ort 3 (C8) g 2X (NK) © rene _shifttag * xn) ET samt) tans) < PEER > € 3 xCK) no) et Fo xX(n-no) esnicol xe) [w= a) @ c&scvrs_tx “ Geequendy SHIRE yond elttt td > se) = (#0) ; yews %, (Ath 5 D) Cescuios _coavoiitton cols CORON ge (a) Aa (a) = XEN)" Coiwma! ethos rita) 2 82,616.85 aan) Hf pasBSF "ty ato) = $6 67,8} Scanned with CamScannerze 0 a= P12, 299, talnd 283,421.25 Xl) = %(n)¥ HA) Cie 1 ot -2 3 3]- ‘| lial 2 ! 1? a m3 3 oe = poo 2 HP? 10 > e| = 3 I xen) =f rime} yn) ose shown 49 Fy: on Bete sequence xicn) ¥ 2M (© 1w0 ¢ ' ton #5 a(n “Tre vawe of reitoak 4 porqt Cisculos cone! to? wih) of m3 8 ee 4) 2 nto) salt , 7 if nN 1 12 8 xi(0) a org aoyefictot -t Scanned with CamScanner