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Normal Probability Distribution CHARLS PDF

The document describes the characteristics of a normal distribution, including that it is symmetrical and bell-shaped with the mean, median and mode equal. It also explains the empirical rule, which states that approximately 68% of values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to apply the empirical rule and interpret normal distributions based on their mean and standard deviation.

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113 views21 pages

Normal Probability Distribution CHARLS PDF

The document describes the characteristics of a normal distribution, including that it is symmetrical and bell-shaped with the mean, median and mode equal. It also explains the empirical rule, which states that approximately 68% of values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to apply the empirical rule and interpret normal distributions based on their mean and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Anne Bergonia
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By: Charls A.

Saberon
• describe a normal random variable
DESCRIBE
and its characteristics;

DRAW • draw a normal curve; and

STATE • state the empirical rule


Is a probability of continuous random
variables.
Many random variables are either normally
distributed or, at least approximately
normally distributed.
Examples: Height, Weight, and Examination
Scores.
It is easy for mathematical statisticians to work
with the normal curve. A number of
hypothesis test and the regression model are
based on the assumption that the underlying
data have normal distributions.
The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
The curve is symmetrical about its center.
The mean, median, and mode coincide at the
center.
The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely
along the horizontal axis but never touch it.
The area under the curve is 1. thus, it
represents the probability or proportion or
the percentage associated with specific sets
of measurement values.
Value of the mean; and
Value of the standard deviation
The change of value of the mean shifts the
graph of the normal curve to the right or to
the left.
If the value of the mean is increasing the
graph will move/shifts to the right
If the value is decreasing move/shifts to the
left.
The standard deviation determines the shape
of the graphs particularly the height and
width of the curve 1. when the standard
deviation is large, the normal curve is short
and wide, while a small value for the standard
yields skinnier and taller graph.
 Is a normal probability distribution that has a mean 0
and standard deviation 1.
WHERE:
y= height of the curve particular values of x.
x= any score in the distribution
𝜇 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝜎 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝜋 = 3.1416 𝑒 = 2.7183
The EMPIRICAL RULE is also referred to as the
68-95-99.7% Rule. What it tells us is that for a
normally distributed variable.
Approximately 68% of the data lie within 1
standard deviation of the mean.
Pr(𝜇 − 𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 𝜎)
Approximately 95% of the data lie within 2
standard deviations of the mean.
Pr 𝜇 − 2𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 2𝜎
Approximately 99.7% of the data lie within 3
standard deviations of the mean.
Pr 𝜇 − 3𝜎 < 𝑥 < 𝜇 + 3𝜎
EXAMPLE 1: What is the frequency and
relative frequency of babies weights that are
within: 𝜎=1.63
4.94 4.69 5.16 7.29 7.19 9.47 6.61 5.84 6.83

3.45 2.93 6.38 4.38 6.76 9.01 8.47 6.8 6.9

8.6 3.99 7.68 2.24 5.32 6.24 6.19 5.63 5.37

5.26 7.35 6.11 7.34 5.87 6.56 6.18 7.35 4.21


𝜇 = 6.11 𝜎=1.63
2.24 4.21 5.16 5.63 6.18 6.4 6.8 7.34 8.47

2.93 4.38 5.26 5.84 6.19 6.56 6.83 7.35 8.6

3.45 4.69 5.32 5.87 6.24 6.61 7.19 7.35 9.01

3.99 4.94 5.37 6.11 6.38 6.76 7.29 7.68 9.47


EXAMPLE 2: The scores of the Senior High School students in
their Statistics and Probability quarterly examination are
normally distributed with a mean of 35 and a standard deviation
of 5. (Statistics and Probability, PIVOT) Answer the following
questions:
a. What percent of the scores are between 30 to 40?
 68%
b. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?
 25-45
EXAMPLE 3: Use Empirical Rule to complete the
following table. Write on the respective column the
range or interval of the scores based on the given
parameters.
MEAN (𝝁) STANDARD 68% 95% 99.7%
DEVIATIO 𝝁−𝝈<𝑿 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿
N (𝝈) <𝝁+𝝈 < 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈 < 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈

a. 20 2
b. 87 5.5
EXAMPLE 4: Illustrate the following
distribution through a diagram.
a. 𝜇 = 20 𝜎=2
b. One standard deviation from the mean 26
out of 36, or 72%
c. Two standard deviations from the mean 34
out of 36, or 95%
EXAMPLE 4: Illustrate the following
distribution through a diagram.
d. Three standard deviations from the mean 36
out of 36, or 100%
e. 𝜇 = 87 𝜎 = 5.5
Belecina, R. R.(2016). Statistics and Probability. Rex Book Store Inc. Manila, Philippines

Alferez, M. S. (2006). Statistics and Probability. MSA Publishing House. Cainta Philippines

Statistics and Probability TG. Department of Education.

Banigon Jr., Ricardo B. (2016). Statistics and Probability. Educational Resources Corporation. Quezon City, Philippines.

Calaca, N. I. (2016). Statistics and Probability. Vibal Group Inc. Quezon City, Philippines

SHS Statistics and Probability (PIVOT)

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