Chapter # 2

Feedback Oscillators

RC Phase Shift
Oscillator

Dr. Amr El-Gendy

RC Phase Shift Oscillator
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
The feedback network of RC circuit
must be satisfied two conditions:

1. Av x B ≥ 1 in (BJT), or Avf x B ≥ 1 in (Op-Amp)

2. feedback network of RC circuit must be satisfied

a phase shift by 180o between Vin and Vo

Required: Find
1. Operating Frequency ωr or fr
2. Attenuation Factor (B)
3. What is the phase shift of this circuit
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
1. Calculation the operation frequency(fr)
and the attenuation factor (B)

We will find the Transfer Function of feedback network

T.F (s) = B (s) = Vo/Vin (1)

V1 V2 Vo
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
V1 V2 Vo

Using the Node voltage method

At Node V1

(V1 – Vin)/(1/sc) + V1/R + (V1 –V2)/(1/sc) = 0 (2)

 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
V1 V2 Vo

At Node V2

(V2 – V1)/(1/sc) + V2/R + (V2 –Vo)/(1/sc) = 0 (3)

At Node Vo

(Vo – V2)/(1/sc) + Vo/R = 0 (4)

 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Solving equation (2), (3), (4) we get

(5)

In order to find the frequency operation,

let the value of Imag. Part = 0

(6)
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Where: 6 = 2 n
n: the number of section

In order to find the attenuation factor (B), Let

the value of Img. Part = 0 in equation (5)

(7)

sub. From equation (6) in equation (7) we get

or (6)
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
2. Calculation the Phase Shift of
Feedback Network

Why is used three sections in RC phase shift circuit?

Because, for each section make a phase shift of 60o

Then, the three sections given phase shift by 180o

between Vin and Vo of feedback network

Or, the output of feed back network must be

in phase with input amplifier
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
First: Calculate the T.F of RC
phase shift for one section

T.F (s) = B (s) = Vo/Vin

Using the voltage divider

(1)
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Let jω instead of s, the attenuation
factor B(ω) For one section is

(2)

Second: Calculate the T.F of RC

phase shift for three sections

From equation (1), the attenuation factor B(ω)

For three sections is
RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Let jω instead of s
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator

In order to find the frequency operation in

this case, let the value of Img. Part = 0

(3)

Sub. From equation (3) in equation (2), we get

RC Phase Shift Oscillator
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Summary

RC Phase Shift Oscillator

3. The three stage of RC makes

a phase shift of 180o

4. Feedback network must be satisfied this

condition in design
Av x B ≥ 1 or Avf x B ≥ 1
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator

Eample.1

Design a RC phase shift oscillator operates

at frequency of 6.5 kHz,
if the value of capacitor C is 1 nF, and
the amplifier has the following parameters:
VCC = 18 V, Av = - 400, RE = 1.5 kΩ,
R1 = 20 kΩ, R2 = 10 kΩ, and βdc = βac = 210.
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Solution

Check on the stabilization condition

RB ≤ (βdc x RE)/10
20 kΩ//10kΩ = 6.67kΩ ≤
(210 x1.5 kΩ)/10 = 31.5 kΩ
6.67 kΩ < 31.5kΩ, then the condition is satisfied
VB = [VCC/(R1+R2)] x R2
VB = [18/(20 kΩ +10kΩ)] x 10kΩ = 6 V
VE = VB – VBE = 6 – 0.7 = 5.3 V
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Solution

IE  ICQ = VE/RE = 5.3 V/1.5kΩ = 3.53 mA

re = 26 mV/ICQ = 26 mV/3.53mA = 7.36 Ω
Av = - RC/re
400 = RC/7.36
RC  3 kΩ

R = 10 kΩ
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
Eample.2

Design RC phase shift oscillator with op-amp

operates at frequency of 6.5 kHz, if the value of
capacitor C is 1 nF, and VCC = ± 12 V of op-amp

From the previous example, we

found the value of the resistance
and its value was 10K

Avf = 1/B = 1/(1/29) = 29

Avf = Rf/R = Rf/10 k = 29 Rf ≥ 290 kΩ

 Bubba Oscillator
Bubba oscillator is used in solar cell system

12 V

3v

U2:A
U1:A
4

U3:A
4

3 R2 U4:A

4
R9 1 3 R6

4
2 1 3 R7
26.5k
2 1 3 R8
370K 26.5k
2 26.5k 1
11

2 26.5k
LT1014A
11

LT1014A

11
LT1014A

11
C4 LT1014A
100nF C5 C6
RV4 100nF 100nF C7
50%

4M 100nF

-12 V
 Bubba Oscillator
Bubba oscillator is used in solar cell system

The four sections of RC

circuit are separated by
buffer op-amp

When Rf = 0, then
Vo = Vin
 Bubba Oscillator
1. The calculation of operation frequency (fr),
and attenuation factor (B)

From the transfer function (T.F) of feedback network

 Bubba Oscillator
Let jω instead of s (1)

At resonance XC = R 1/ωC= R

ωRC= 1

For one section

For four section

 Bubba Oscillator
2. Calculation of phase shift (φ)

From equation (1) (1)

ωRC= 1

For each section given - 45o, then the four sections

given – 180o (phase shift between Vo and Vin

PWM of the DC/AC inverter is used in solar cell,

needs sin wave oscillator has the following
parameters: Vo = 12 V, f = 60 Hz
Thank You

Dr. Amr El-Gendy