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{~«Q>re gÎmoMr ñWmnZm  hm ^maVmMm {H$Zmam Zmhr ho Ë`m_wioM cjmV Amco.

`wamo{n`Z cmoH$m§Mo ^maVmV AmJ_  Ë`m_wio `m àXoemcm "A_o[aH$m' ho Zmd.
àñVmdZm
 ^maVmMo `wamoner àmMrZ H$mimnmgwZ ì`mnmar g§~§Y 4. dmñH$mo-X-Jm_m : 1498
 `m ì`mnamVyZ ^anwa Z\$m  Xoe-nmoV©wJrO
 Am{e`mB© ^mJmV Aa~ ì`mnmar dM©ñd  ^maVmH$S>o `oÊ`mMm gmJar _mJ© emoYUmam àW_.
_hÎdmMr KQ>Zm  Am{\«$H$m I§S>mcm digm KmcyZ ^maVmV.
 B. g. 1453 _Ü`o VwH$mªZr H$m°ÝñQ>°pÝQ>Zmonc (amo_Z amOYmZr)  AãXþc _ZrH$-ghm`H$
qOHy$Z KoVcr -`m àXoemVwZ OmUmao _mJ© ~§X.  90 {Xdg
 n[aUm_ : `wamonr` Xoem§Zm nwd }H$S>rc OmUmam _mJ© emoYUo
 170 àdmgr
Ahn[ahm`© ~Zco.
 Ago _mJ© emoYÊ`mV ñnoZ, nmoVw©Jmc

 OhmO ~m§YUr ì`dgm`m_wio ghO gmÜ`.

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VrZ OhmOo

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H$mcrH$V amÁ` -Pm_moarZ g_wÐmMo amOo

5. \${S>©Zm§S> _°JocZ : 1519-1524

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 AmeoMo ^w{ea
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dZ 2. H$moc§~g : 1492
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 ì`mnmar OhmOm§da Icmgr H$m_

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 ñnoZMr B©gm~ocm 3 OhmOo 90 àdmgr
 gmëìhmS>moa - cmH$S>r {H$„m
 IwX© B§{S>O, ìhoZP
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 ñn°{Ze ^mfoV : qhXþñWmZr
 VoWo Ë`mMm "^maV' Agë`mMm J¡ag_O Pmcm.
3. A_o[aJmo ìhoñnwgr : 1495 98
 Xoe-BQ>m{c`Z
 hm ^maVmMm {H$Zmam Zmhr Ë`m_wio cjmV Amco.
 H$moc§~gÀ`m _mJ©ZoM Vmo Ë`m {H$Zmè`mda.
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1) 1498-99 : dmñH$mo-X-Jm_m Amcm d _mc KoD$Z naV 60% nmoVw©JrOm§À`m dImar

nojm OmñV Z\$m
2) 1500 : noQ´>mo H«$~c  nmoVw©JrOm§À`m dImar
3) 1502 : dmñH$mo-X-Jm_m ^maVmV - H$moMrZ, Jmodm, X_U, Mm¡c, gmîQ>r, hþJir, _Ðmg {MVJmd
 ì`mnmar H|$Ðo : H$m{cH$V, H$moMrZ, H$ÞZmoa
 H$moMrZ : àW_ amOYmZr S>M
4) 1505-09 : \«$mpÝñH$mo - S>r Ampë_S>m JìhZ©a
- ^maVmVrc n{hcm nmoVw©JrO JìhZ©a  1602 EIC H§$nZrMr ñWmnZm
C{ÔîQ>ço : Aa~m§Mr ì`mnmar _ºo$Xmar Zï> d ^maVmV àXoe {_idUo - S>M g§gXoZo _mÝ`Vm
5) 1503 ; Aë\$mÝgmo-S>r  dIma :

Aë~wH$H©$ 1) _gwcr nQ²>Q>Z_ - 1605 àW_, 2) nw{cH$V - 1610, 3)

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àW_ H$_m§S>a ^maVmV
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Blue Water Policy
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1645, 6) {MZgwam - 1653
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gwaV - 1616, 4) {~_crnU_ - 1641, 5) H$marH$c -

 1658 - H$m{g_~Pma, ~mamZmJmoa, nmQ>Um, ~mcmgmoa, ZmJnXU

 1663 - H$moMrZ

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EIC 1608 gwaV dIma {ZU©`

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- 1609 H°$. hm°{H$Ýg ^maVmV - Ohm§Jra
- 1613 dIma gwaV

ga Wm°_g amo.
`moJXmZ 1615-1618 Ohm§Jra Xa~mamV
- doJdoJù`m àXoemV dIma ~m§YÊ`mMr nadmZJr
 Jmodm - 1556
n{hcr qàQ>tJ àog, V§~mIwMr eoVr, OhmO ~m§YUr, CXçmoJ n{íM_ {H$Zmam
YmoŠ`mV
 1619 - AmJ«m, ^S>moM, ~S>moXm, Ah_Xm~mX = dImar
_w»` ^a - Y_©àgma
 1668 - B§½c§S>Mm amOm Mmëg© Xþgam
X Jm{g©`m X AmoVm© {ddmh - nmoVw©JrO - _w§~B© ~oQ> Am§XU
 ho nmoVw©JrOm§Mo Am¡fY dZñnVr J«§W. - EIC ^mS>oVËdmda
- 1687 - _w»`mc`

2
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{Z_m©Vm - Joam°ëS> Am±Or`a ^maVmMm KQ>ZmË_H$ {dH$mg

XmoZ g{_Ë`m
nyd© {H$Zmam
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- 1626 - Am_m©Jmd H$moQ>© Am°\$ H$moQ>© Am°\$
- 1639 - \«$mpÝgg S>o amOm àmoàm`Q>g© S>m`aoŠQ>g©
- _Ðmg - \$moQ>© g|Q> Om°O©

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A{YH$ {H$_VrMo A{YH$ {H$_VrMo
- 1651 - hþJir
eoAg© IaoXr eoAg© IaoXr
- 1690 - Mm°aZm°H$ - gmVmZwVr
- gmVmZwVr, JmoqdXnwam, H$mcrH$Îmm = 1698 H$cH$Îmm
\$moQ>© {dë`_ - Mmëg© Am`a - ho àW_ ào[gS>oÝQ>
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- \|«$M Sw>ßco - B§J«O-\«|$M g§Kf© (VrZ `wÜX)
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- 1765 n`ªV ì`mnmar H§$nZr åhUyZ H$m_

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- 1616 EIC àXoe {d^mJUr
- 1620 Ìm§ŠH$mo~ma-dIma - Tamilanadu
- goam_nwa - H. Q.
- 1845 - gd© dImar {~«{Q>em§Zr KoVë`m.
~§Jmc _w§~B© _Ðmg
nm°S>rMoar \$moQ>© cwB©
- _m{Q>©Z - {H$ëcm

3
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ào{gS>oÝgr åhUV  n[aUm_

H$moQ>© Am°\$ S>m`aoŠQ>g©cm - ^«îQ> A{YH$mar
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O~m~Xma
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- _mohå_X amoPm ImZ, {gVm~ am` : nX_wŠV
{XdmUr \$m¡OXmar - ~moS>© Am°\$ aoìhoÝ`wMr ñWmnZm
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~§Jmc, {~hma, Amo[agm {XdmUr A{YH$ma

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- _hgwc Jmoim H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma
- {ZPm_VrMo A{YH$mamÛmao \$m¡OXmar A{YH$ma {_imco nU H§$nZrcm
BÀN>m ZìhVr.
- Ë`m_wio H$cmB©ìhZo Or ì`dñWm {Z_m©U Ho$cr {Vcm Xþhoar
1773 1781 1784 1786

emgZì`dñWm åhUVmV. MmQ>©a A°ŠQ>

{XdmUr \$m¡OXmar
~§Jmc-_mohå_X-aoPm-ImZ Zdm~
1793 1813 1833 1853
{~hma-{gVm~ am`  H$a dgwcr
{Z`wŠVr-H§$nZr_m\©$V  OZVoMo g§ajU
H§$nZrMr _ŠVoXmar H$_r
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= g_Ýd`
- O~m~Xmar - Zdm~mH$S>o
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1773 - ao½`wcoqQ>J A°ŠQ> {Z`m_H$ H$m`Xm 7) H§$nZrÀ`m gd© _wcH$s d cîH$ar nX YmaU H$aUmè`m§Zm :
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- _mÌ hr {Z`_Zo S.C. Zm|XUrH¥$V d àH$m{eV
- _mÌ B.P. hr {Z`_Zo aX²X H$aÊ`mMm A[YH$ma
àmonm`Q>©g S>m`aoŠQ>g©
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OmñV qH$_VrMo eoAg© OmñV eoAg© Xmof Xÿa H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ
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3) {ejUmda EH$ cmI én`o IM© H$aÊ`mMr VaVyX
4) B§{½ce {¼íMZ {_eZè`m§Zm ^maVmV OmD$Z Y_©àgma H$aÊ`mg
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1784 - {nQ²>g B§{S>`m A°ŠQ>  H§$nZrÀ`m Vmã`mVrc àXoem§Zm ^maVmVrc {~«Q>re àXoe Aer
àñVmdZm AmoiI
- B.P. Zo XmoZ g{_Ë`m  EIC -{~«Q>re amï´>r` YmoaUmMo gmYZ.
1) AÜ`j-ES>_§S> ~H©$
- `m g{_Ë`m§Zr G.G. d _w»` Ý`m`m{Yemcm naV ~mocmdÊ`mMr 1786 - H$m`Xm
{e\$mag  cm°S>© H$m°Zdm°crgÀ`m AmJ«hmZwgma nm[aV
- _mÌ H$§nZrZo ZH$ma  G. G. OmñV h¸$
 cm°S>© Zm°W© d Mmëg© \$m°Šg `m§À`m `wVr gaH$maZo H§$nZrÀ`m
 ^maVmVrc {~«Q>re gÎmoMr gwajm, em§VVm, {hVg§~§Y B. ñdV:
ì`mnmar d amOH$s` H$m`m©_Ü`o \$aH$ ñnîQ> H$ê$Z amOgÎmoÀ`m O~m~Xma.
{Z`§ÌUmImcr amOH$s` H$m`} AmUUo.  G. G. Mr pñWVr A{YH$mag§nÞ ~Zdcr.

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 ~moS>© Am°\$ H§$Q´>moc  H§$nZrcm ì`mnma ~§X H$aÊ`mg gm§JÊ`mV Amco.

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- {dë`_ ~|{Q>H$ n{hcm
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- ~m°å~o, _Ðmg ào{gS>oÝetZm JìhZ©am§Mo {Z`_Zo H$aÊ`mMo
- H§$nZrÀ`m ^maVmVrc _wcH$s cîH$ar _hgycr àemgZmda A{YH$ma H$mTy>Z KoVco.
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2) ^maVmV A{YH$mar d H$_©Mmar Zo_Ê`mMm d Ë`m§Zm naV {Z`_Zo V`ma H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma {Xcm.
~mocm{dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma S>m`aoŠQ>g©cm. - S.C. Zm|XUr JaO Zmhr.
3) G.G. + Council 5) H$m`Xo V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r G. G. In Council 4 gXñ`
- gXñ`g§»`m 4 EodOr 3 H$aÊ`mV Amcr. - British ~°[añQ>a
4) G.G. in Council - H$m`Xog§X^m©V gëcm
- A{YZñV ~§Jmc, ~m°å~o, _Ðmg ào{gS>oÝerZm A{YZñV - _oH$m°co-n{hcm H$m`Xm gXñ`
5) AhñVjonmMo YmoaU AÜ`j - _oH$m°co - H$m`Xm Am`moJ
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6
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8) {ejUmgmR>r - 10 cmI VaVyX àW_ - ñQ>°Zco

9) _wcH$s godH$m§À`m {ZdS>rgmR>r Iwë`m ñnYm© narjm§Mr VaVyX  eodQ>Mo ìhmBgam°` - _mC§Q>~°Q>Z
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- Ë`m_wio VaVyX aÔ  ñdV§Ì ^maVmMo n{hco d ñdV§Ì ^maVmMo eodQ>Mo ^maVr` ìhmBgam°`
- gr. amOJmonmcMmar
1853 - MmQ>©a A°ŠQ>  1919 - hm`H${_eZa
1) gZXoMo ZyVZrH$aU Ho$co nU H$mcmdYr Zmhr. àW_ - ga {dë`_ ñQ>rìhÝg _o`a
2) g§MmcH$ g§»`m 24 dê$Z 18 _hËdmÀ`m Facts
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- Civil Service - gwê$dmV {~«{Q>em§Mm àW_ g§~§Y Amcm.
- Iwë`m ñnYm© ì`dñWm
- ~moS>© Am°\$ H§$Q´>moc-_m\©$V
- 1854 - _oH$m°co H${_Q>r - ñWmnZm
(^maVr` _wcH$s godm{df`H$ g{_Vr)
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g§»`oZo ^maVmV `ody cmJco. g_mOmMm ^mJ ~ZyZ Joco.
3) ì`mnma{df`H$ _ŠVoXmar 1813 - aX²X

4) ~§JmcgmR>r - ñdV§Ì coâQ>ZÝQ> Jìh©Za

- n{hcm - S>chm¡gr
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O_rZ _hgyc ho amÁ`mÀ`m CËnÝZmMo à_wI gmYZ _hgwc
AmH$maVmZm dfm©Mo CËnÝZ {dMmamV KoVco OmB©. eoVgmam {nH$mZwgma
H$m`©H$mar &
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- G. G. À`m Council Mm H$m`Xm gXñ` H$m`_ñdê$nr gXñ`
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- EH$ ñdV§Ì G.G. Legislative Council Mr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Jmoim H$aÊ`mgmR>r Zdm~mÀ`m Xa~mamVrc XmoZ ì`ŠVr Zo_co.

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6) chmZ àm§VmMm à_wI - Mr\$ H${_eZam§Mr Zo_UyH$ VaVyX
- dm{f©H$ ì`dñWm
- {ccmd nÜXV
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- dm°aZ hoñQ>t½OZo gdm©{YH$ ~mocr cmdUmè`m _hgwcr R>oHo$Xmam§Zm
_hgwc Jmoim H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma {dH$co.
- Oo AmOn`ªV na§namJV O_rZXma hmoVo Ë`m§Zm S>mdcÊ`mV Amco.
^maVmVrc nXo  ñdê$n (1772-1776)
1757-1773 1) H${_Q>r Am°\$ g{H©$Q> ñWmnZm
~§JmcMm Jìh©Za àW_-am°~Q>© ŠcmB©ìh àË`oH$ {Oëømcm - R>oHo$Xmam§Zm _hgwc R>adyZ {Xcm.
1773-1833 nmM dfm©gmR>r (àË`oH$ dfu gmaImM)
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1833-1858 H${_Q>r Am°\$ aoìhoÝ`y
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^maVmMm àW_ ìhmB©gam°`-H°$qZJ - {XdmU Zo_co
 1858 - ^maV_§Ìr
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3) _mÌ - hr ì`dñWm An`er

- R>oHo$Xma eoVH$è`m§da AÝ`m` gaH$ma d eoVH$ar `m§À`mV _Ü`ñWr H$m_
- eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z OmñV _hgyc
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- H§$nZrMo CËnÝZ A{Z{íMV
O_rZ {dH$Ê`mMm hŠH$
dm{f©H$ ì`dñWm - 1776
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- _mcJwOmar
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- 1/11 ^mJ ñdV:H$S>o R>odmdm.

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- `mZwgma O_rZXma `m§Zm O{_ZrMo _mcH$ g_OÊ`mV


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1793 - ~§ Jmc, {~hma, Amo [ agm, _ÐmgMm CÎma ^mJ,
dmamUgr, CÎma H$Zm©Q>H$ B.
àXoe - 19% ^wàXoe
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- nU H$m°Z©dm°crgMr Aer BÀN>m hmoVr - hr ì`dñWm _hgyc doimodoir ~Xc Ho$cm - AñWm`r ì`dñWm
H$m`_ñdê$nr H$amdr _mÌ Om°Z emoAaMm `mg {damoY.  d¡{eîQ>ço
- H$m°Z©dm°crgZo S>m`aoŠQ>g©Mr g§_Vr KodyZ 1793 _Ü`o 1) gd© O_rZXmam§Zm d dgwcr A{YH$mè`m§Mo O_rZXma ê$nm§Va.
Xedm{f©H$ ì`dñWm H$m`_ñdê$nr åhUyZ Kmo{fV Ho$cr. 2) O{_ZrdaMo hŠH$ {hamdyZ KoUo.
ñdê$n :  `m nÜXVr_wio -
eoVH$ar O_rZXma gaH$ma  O_rZXma naH$s` {~«Q>remMo {_Ì
 {dÎmr` gwajm - H§$nZrMo C{X²XîQ>
O_rZXmam§Mm dJ© V`ma  à{Vdfu pñWa CËnÝZmMr h_r
 Ag§»` eoVH$è`m§À`m nmqR>ã`mnojm _wR>^a O_rZXmam§Mm
O_rZtMo _mcH$ - Kmo{fV nmqR>~m - H$m°Z©dm°crg imp dmQ>cm.
8
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 H¥$fr CËnÝZmV dmT> Ano{jV na§Vy H¥$fr CËnÝZmV ñW¡`© - 1824-28 - E.Ho$. {àJoc Zr O{_ZrMo gd©ojU Ho$co.
 eoVH$ar {ZY©Z, emofUm§Mo ~ir, _mcH$s hŠH$ g§nco. - _hgwcmMr _mJUr CËnÝZmMr 55% Ho$cr.
 _hgwcmMr dgwcr amoI n¡emV Agm`Mr - gmdH$maH$s  nmZJoQ> : (gd}jU n`©dojH$)

dmT>cr - Zr JmoëS>pñ_W d S>opìhS>gÀ`m _XVrZo 1837 Ahdmc AmOdaMm

 eoV_Owam§Mm - Zdm dJ© {Z_m©U _w§~B© - a`Vdmar nÜXV 30 dfm©gmR>r
- 30 dfm©Z§Va - 1866 gd}jU
a`Vdmar ì`dñWm - Mmcy- _mÌ 1861-65 A_o[aHo$V
- 1820 - OZH$ = Wm°_g _Ýamo - `wÜX - H$mngmMr _mJUr d qH$_Vr dmT>
- _w§~B©, _Ðmg, Amgm_ - _hgwc 66% nmgyZ 100% dmT>
- 51% àXoe - eoVH$è`m§Zm Anrc H$aÊ`mMm hŠH$ S>mdcÊ`mV
- eoVH$ar d gaH$ma g§~§Y  1875 - X»IZMo eoVH$ar X§Jo - J.dm.Omoer ZoV¥Ëd

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-
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eoVH$ar - gmdH$ma
1/3, 50%, 66% - O_rZ _hgwc
Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z - _w§~B© àm§V
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- nwUo, ZJa, n[agamV

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 `m ì`dñWoV _Ü`ñW JQ>mMo dM©ñd ZîQ>

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O_rZ _hgyc - 20 Vo 30 dfm©g  eoVH$è`m§Mm nmqR>~m - imp

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R>odÊ`mMm BË`mXr A{YH$ma {Xco.

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`m Dist n{hcm H$coŠQ>a
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eoVgmam eoVmÀ`m CËnÝZmÀ`m 50% hmoVm.
Wm°_g _Ýamo
1820-1827 - _ÐmgMm JìhZ©a _Ðmg àm§V a`Vdmar
- Jmoim H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar Jmdà_wImda (c§~aXma _w{I`m)
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- eoVgmam {Z{íMV H$aVmZm O{_ZrMr àV, CËnmXZ j_Vm {nH$mMm
àH$ma, {nH$m§Mr qH$_V B. {dMma.

ì`dñWm cmJy.
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- hr _mJUr n¡emV {Z{íMV ì`dñWm cmJy
- hr ì`dñWm 30 df©o - CÎma g_mOm_Ü`o Jmd _hËdmMr g§ñWm
- H$coŠQ>g© Jmdr Joco
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- dmncrZ - _hgwcm~m~mV Ahdmc
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1833 - {Z`_Z - `m nÜXVrda Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z Zo Q>rH$m Ho$cr Ahdmc

- Report on the Territonies conquered from the peshwa
- {dë`_ ~oqQ>H$Zo 1822 À`m {Z`_m§Mo narjU Ho$co `d ZdrZ  {ccmd nÜXVrZo noeì`m§Zr gXm{ed _mUHo$ídaH$S>o Ah_XZJa
ì`dñWm cmJy {OëømVrc nm§Jar Jmd {Xco.
- `m `moOZoÀ`m n`©dojUmgmR>r _m{Q>©Ýg ~S>© Zo_UyH$ - Hw$em~m `mZo -g§J_oída Jmd
- 30 dfm©gmR>r eoVgmam - naewam_ I§S>oamd am_M§Ð Mm¡Yar `m§Zr `m nÜXVrZo {ccmÛmao Jmdo
- _hgwc 66% KoVcr. a`VoMr cyQ> Mmcy Ho$cr.
_m{Q>©Ýg ~S>©cm - ho gd© Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z AmdS>oc Zmhr.
- {ccmd åhUOoM _ŠVm nÜXV
""CÎma ^maVmVrc O_rZ _hgyc ì`dñWocm OZH$ åhUVmV.''
 ZmZm \$S>Urg : cmJdS>r Imcr OodT>r O_rZ VodT>rM gmam
- 66% _mJUr OmñV hmoVr åhUyZ S>chm¡grZo 1855 cm ghmaZnwa
AmH$maUrgmR>r {dMma ho Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z `mo½` dmQ>.
{Z`_m§Ûmao 50% _hgyc Ho$cm.
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àm§V J§JoMm _¡XmZr àXoe, AmJ«m, AdY,

 joÌ - 29%/ 30%
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PRICE AT CORN ON THE PROFIT STOCK JǤW

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Classical Economy Mm nwañH$Vm© (gaH$maMm hñVjon ZH$mo)
`m_wio ZdrZ O_rZXma {Z_m©U hmoUma ZmhrV H$mcm§VamZo _hmamï´>mV

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A{YH$mè`m§da [aH$m°S>u - _wŠV ì`mnmamMm nwañH$Vm©.
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Hw$imMm {hñgm R>adcm.
am°~Q>© qàJoc hm S>opìhS> [aH$m°S>m©Mm {eî` hmoVm.
 _w§~B© àm§VmV -a`Vdmar nÕ : H$goc Ë`mMr O_rZ

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- Wm°_g _më`g - a`Vdmar nÜXVrMo nwañH$V} hmoVo.
_hmamîQ´>mV O_rZ _hgwc ì`dñWm
noedmB©_Ü`o Aìdc, Xþæ`_ gr_, Aer O_rZrMr dJ©dmar
H$mc_mZmZwgma O_rZr§da gmam
 809 : {gcoŠQ> H${_Q>rZo H$m`_Ymam nÕVrdar Q>rH$m.

H$coŠQ>a ~«r½O : O{_Zrda cH$s amOmMr ZgyZ/gaH$maMr AgyZ

Vr Ë`m JmdMr Amho.
 J«°ÊS> S>\$ : Omo àW_ O§Jc VmoSy>Z O_rZ V`ma H$aVmo Vmo

_mcH$/{_amgXma R>aVmo.
- eoVgmam amoI aH$_oÀ`m qH$dm YmÝ`mÀ`m ñdê$nmV
- nwÊ`mVrc ~«m÷Um§Zr Ec{\$ÝñQ>Z _mZnÌ {Xco - Vwåhr amÁ`
- 1773-74 - gdmB© _mYdamd
KoVco Vo ~ao Pmco Ago `mV åhQ>co Amho.
H$g~m-gwn-o {nH$m§Mr ZmgmS>r Pmcr Voìhm Mm¡H$er H$ê$Z ZwH$gmZ
- J«°ÊS> S>\$ gmVmè`mV a`Vdmar nÕV éT> Ho$cr Vmo åhUVmo `oWrc
^anmB© {Xcr.
cmoH$ _cm "_amR>m' åhUZ AmoiIVmo.
- Ý`m. amZS>|Zr noeì`m§À`m H$mimVrc _hgwc ì`dñWoMr àe§gm
- Zo{n`ÝgZo : H$moH$UmV `aVdmar nÕV cmJy Ho$cr.
Ho$cr.
d¡{eîQ>ço
- _mÌ ~mOramd Xþgam `m§À`m H$mimV OZ{hVmMo VËdo nma H$mogicr.
1) O_rZ H$gUmè`m a`Vocm O_rZrMo _mcH$
- XþîH$mimVnU eoVgmam Jmoim Ho$cm.
2) 45 Vo 55 Q>¸o$ eoVgmam
- eoVgmam Z XoUmè`mg H«w$a {ejm {Xë`m.
3) _moOUr, àVdmar, nÞmMm A§XmO - eoVgmam
- Xþgè`m ~mOramdmZo - {ccmd nÜXV gwê$ (1796) Ë`mÀ`m
4) dgwcr - H$coŠQ>g© - _m_coXma - _moOUrXma - H$maHy$Z
H$ma^mar-Í`§~H$ S>|JioZr hr nÜXV gwM{dcr.
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- 30 dfmªZr ~Xc gaH$maH$S>o Jocm. Ë`mV gaH$ma d gmdH$ma `m§Zm Xmof {Xcm.
 ImoV : H$moH$UmV gmam dgwc H$aUmè`m§Zm åhUV. - 1875 X§Jo
 O_rZrMr _moOUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r am°~Q>© H$sW qàJocMr {Z`wº$s - B§½c§S>_Yrc EH$a ho O_rZ _moOÊ`mMo _mn _hmamîQ´>mV gwê$.
- 1825 gmcr {àJmo_Mr nwÊ`mÀ`m A{gñQ>§Q> H$coŠQ>anXr {ZdS> - 1879 - H$m`ÚmMo amZS>|Zr ñdmJV Ho$co.
- qàJcZo eoVrMr nmhUr Ho$cr, Ë`m§Zm Ago {XgyZ Amco H$s  cmoH$_mÝ` {Q>iH$m§Zr H$m`Úmg {damoY Ho$cm.

eoVH$ar gmdH$mam§da Adc§~yZ AmhoV.

- qàJocZo O_rZrMo dJuH$aU - XþîH$mi
CËnÞmMm A§XmO - `oUmam IM© - BVa IM© 1) H$Z©c pñ_W Am`moJ
- qàJco `m§Zo [aH$mS>}Mm I§S> {gÕm§V cmJy H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ - cm°S>© H°$qZJÀ`m H$mimV 1860-61 _Ü`o {Xëcr n[agamVrc
- gmam hm {ZdZdi CËnÞmda AmH$acm Omdm. XþîH$mimMr Mm¡H$er.
- qàJ«oc - eoVr d eoVr`mo½` = dJuH$aU - dm`ì` àm§V XþîH$mi
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EHy$U CËnÞmMm 55% a¸$_ gmam {ZpíMV
`m H$m`m©_wio _mëH$_ à^m{dV Pmcm, Vmo åhUmcm
hr ì`dñWm gd© _hmamï´>^a cmdm.
1828-1829 hr hr ì`dñWm cmJy
2) ga Om°O© H°$ån~oc Am`moJ
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qàJocMm hm à`moJ nWm

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- cm°S>© {cQ>ZMm H$mi - _w§~B©, åh¡gya

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cmJy. - 1878-80 H$Zm©Q>H$ XþîH$mi
- 1830-31 hdocr, _mdi - `m Am`moJmÀ`m {e\$maerda 1883 XþîH$mi g§{hVm {Z_m©U

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- nU hr ì`dñWm An`er R>acr H$maU, {~`mUo, ZmnrH$ O_rZ, [anZ H$mi

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[aH$m°S>m}Mm I§S> {gÕm§V
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5) _°ŠS>moZc Am`moJ

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 I§S>mMm CËnmXZ IM©, {H$_V _Owar `m_Ü`o g_mdoe hmoV Zmhr. - 1900

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 Ë`m_wio [aH$m°S>u d Ooåg {_c `m§Zm H$a AmH$maUr I§S>mÀ`m

AmYmao H$amdr Ago dmQ>V.

1830 - XþîH$mi nS>cm.
 ehmXm, `mdc, MmonS>m `oWrc eoVH$ar O_rZ _moOUr H$am`cm
- à^m{dV joÌmV XþîH$mi Am`wŠV Zo_mdm
- H¥$fr A{YH$mof ñWmnZ
6) Om°Z dwS>hoS> Am`moJ
- cm°S>© doìhoc
Jocoë`m {enm`mcm _maco. - 1945
 qàJocMr ì`dñWm An`er R>aë`mZ§Va gaH$maZo Wm°_g {dë`_gyZ - ~§JmcÀ`m XþîH$mimÀ`m VnmgmgmR>r
`m goÝ`w H${_eZaH$S>o _hgyc Zì`mZo R>a{dÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar
1835 - JmoëS>pñ_W d {dZJoQ> `m§Mo H${_eZ Zo_co. ***
`m H${_eZZo {àJocMm
Low of political economy aXX Ho$cm.
`m H${_eZZo _mohmoi d _mT>m VmcwŠ`mV nhmUr Ho$cr.
30 dfm©gmR>r gmam qàJocÀ`m ì`dñWoZo B§Xmnya VmcwH$m Amog
nS>cm.
- 1846-1856 - \«$mÝgrgZo H$admT> Ho$cr.
1863 B§XmnyamVyZ AS>rM hOma eoVH$è`m§À`m gøm§Mm AO©
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{ejU - H${_Q>r Am°\$ n{ãcH$ BÝñQ´>ŠeZ ñWmnZm

 1824 - g§ñH¥$V _hm{dÚmc` H$cH$Îmm `oWo
 18ì`m eVH$m_Ü`o qhXÿ d _wñcr_ {ejUmMr H|$Ðo OdiOdi  Amo[aE§Q>m°{cñQ> - nm¡dm©Ë` (^maVr` {ejU)
cwßV. - hmoaog {dëgZ, {dëgZ OmoË` {àÝgon
 1765-EIC. hmVmV gÎmm.
- H§$nZrZo B§½c§S>_Yrc na§naoZwgma {ejUmMo H$m`© ImOJr joÌmVM  Am°{Jc{gñQ> - nm{íM_mË` (B§J«Or)
amhÿ {Xco. - {~enho~a, AcoŠPm§S>a S>\$, Mmc©g {Q´>ìho{c`Zo amOmam__mohZ
 1781 - dm°aZ hoñQ>t½OZo H$cH$Îmm _Xagm ñWmnZ Ho$cr. am°`.
- VoWo Aa~r d \$magrMo AÜ``Z Ho$co Omdy cmJco.  1834 - _oH$m°co hm H$m¡pÝgcMm H$m`Xm gXñ` Pmcm. Ë`mZo
 1791 - ~ZmagMm {~«{Q>e ao{gS>|Q> B§J«Or {ejUmcm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. {ejUmgmR>r _§Oya Pmcocr
- OmoZmWH$ S>§H$Z - ~Zmag `oWo - g§ñH¥$V _hm{dÚmc`

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aŠH$_ nm¡dm}Ëd {ejUmda IM© Ho$cr Omdy Z`o.
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Mmëg© {dŠcrÝgZ - JrVoMm B§J«Or AZwdmX Ho$cm.

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amhVrc. dmX W§S>mdcm.
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 1842 H${_Q>r Am°\$ n{ãcH$ BÝñQ´>ŠeZÀ`m OmJr H$m¡pÝgc
- B§J«Or {ejUmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Y_©àgmamg _hËd. Am°\$ EÁ`wHo$eZMr ñWmnZm

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 1784 - dm°aZ hoñQ>t½OÀ`m CÎmoOZm_wio ga {dë`å` OmoÝg-  1813 - MmQ>©a H$m`ÚmV - ^maVmV {ejUmÀ`m àgmamgmR>r 1

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~§Jmc E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>r - ñWmnZm cmI VaVyX
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Ho$ë`m. - Committee of P. I. AÜ`j
 {dë`_ ~moS>© - ~m`~cMm ~§Jmcr AZwdmX - nmpíM_mË` + nm¡dm©Ë` dmX gmoS>dcm

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 1814 - qhXþ H$m°coO - nmpíM_mË` {ejUmMo g_W©Z
- amOmam__mohZ am°` - B§J«Or gÎmm ~iH$Q> H$aUo.

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H$mo c H$mÎmm - lram_nw a `o W rc S>° { Ze {_eZè`m§ Z r
nmíMmË`kmZmgmR>r Ho$coco H$m`© - {dë`_ H°$ao/\o${cŠg H°$ao,
{dë`_ ~moS>©, Om°Z _m°am© `m§Zr g§ñH¥$V, ~§Jmcr, qhXr B. ^mfm§Mm
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EH$ B§J«Or nwñVH$ eoH$S>mo ^maVr` nwñVH$m§nojm _hÎdmMo.
B§JOr {ejUm_wio AmdS>r, {ZdS>r {dMma_wë` nmpíM_mË` ~ZVrc.
{PanVm/nmPaVm {gÕm§V : {PanZo åhUOo W|~mWo~mZo Vimn`ªV
OmUo.
- {ejU ho VimJmimVrc gm_mÝ` _mUgm§Zm àË`j XoÊ`mnojm Vo
Aä`mg. g_mOmVrc Cƒ dJm©cm {Xco Va {PanV {PanV Vo gm_mÝ`
 \o${cŠg H°$ao : ~§Jmcr ^mfoV {dídH$mof V`ma. dJm©n`ªV nmohMoc Agm `wº$sdmX _oH$m°coZo _m§S>cm.
- 1818 - lram_nya - ~m{ßQ>ñQ> {_eZ H$m°coO gwê$ - `mcm H$m¡ÝgrZo 1835 _mÝ`Vm.
 1800 - docñcrZo \$moQ>© {dë`_ H$m°coO H$cH$Îmm `oWo - 1833 _Ü`o 10 cmI VaVwX.
CX²Xoe : H§$nZrÀ`m àemgH$s` A{YH$mè`m§Zm {ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r
1802 ~§X - H§$nZrÀ`m AmXoemZo
 1813À`m MmQ>©a H$m`ÚmZo ^maVmV nmíMmË` kmZ d {¼ñVr 1854 dyS>Mm I{cVm
Y_m©Mm àgma H$aÊ`mgmR>r {_eZar dJm©cm nadmZJr. - {ejUmVrc CUrdm Xÿa H$aÊ`mgmR>r g{_Vr,
 1823 H$mocH$mVm ñHy$c gmogm`Q>r H$mocH$mVm ñHy$c ~wH$ gmogm. - gXñ` - _{e©Z Q´>°do{c`Z, n°ar, {dëgZ B.
cm°S>© hoñQ>t½OZo - AZwXmZ {Xco. - Mmëg©dyS> - ~moS>© Am°\$ H§$Q´>mocMo AÜ`j
- B§J«Or nmR>çnwñVHo$ V`ma Ho$cr.
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{e\$maer - {ejUmMm {dñVma d gd©gm_mÝ` cmoH$m§Zm {ejU

1) ^maVr`m§Mm ~m¡ÜXrH$, Z¡{VH$ Am{U Am{W©H$ ñVa C§MmdÊ`mgmR>r - `mgmR>r àm§VrH$ gaH$maZo Amnco ñdV:Mo {Z`_ H$amdoV Ago
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11) ^maVr`m§Zm CÚmoJm§Mo à{ejU XoÊ`mMr VaVyX

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{dÚmnrR>m§À`m H$m`©joÌmMm g_mdoe ZìhVm. 4) {dÚmnrR>m§_Ü`o AÜ``Z d g§emoYZmgmR>r àmÜ`mnH$ d ì`m»`mVmMr

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1) àmW{_H$ {ejU ho cmoH$m§Mo {ejU Amho, Ë`m_wio eŠ` VoWo 5) `m H$m`ÚmZo {dÚmnrR>m§darc gaH$maMo {Z`§ÌU dmT>co.
- {gZoQ>Mo R>amd ZmH$maÊ`mMm A{YH$ma gaH$macm
ñWm{ZH$ ^mfoV {ejU Úmdo.
6) ImOJr _hm{dÚmc`m§da gaH$maMo [Z`§ÌU
2) àmW{_H$ {ejUmcm A{YH$ AW©nwadR>m
- VnmgUr
3) B§½c§S>_Yrc H$m`Úmà_mUo ^maVr` hr àm. {ejUmgmR>r H$m`Xm
7) {dÚmnrR>m§er gc½Zr H$aÊ`mgmR>r gaH$maMr g§_Vr A{Zdm`©
H$amdm.
H$aÊ`mV
4) àmW{_H$ {ejUmMm H$ma^ma {Oëhm/ZJan[afXm§À`m _§S>imH$S>o
8) {dÚmnrR>mMo joÌ R>a{dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma ìhmB©gam°` XoÊ`mV Amcm.
Úmdm.
- `mM {e\$maetda B§{S`Z `wZrìh©grQ>r A°ŠQ> 1904 Ho$cm.
5) ñWm{ZH$ emioZm àmoËgmhZ Úmdo. `m H$m`Úm_wio H$P©Zda Q>rH$m

a
6) ñWm{ZH$ ^mfm - _mÜ`_ 1) ^maVmVrc {dÚmnrR>o gd© OJmV nyU©nUo gaH$mar ~Zcr.
7) àmW{_H$ {ejH$m§À`m à{ejUmMr gmo` H$amdr. àm.{e.gmR>r 2) `m H$m`Úm_wio {dÚmnrR>m§À`m gwYmaUogmR>r Xadfu 5 cj é.
{ZYr amIyZ R>odmdm.
 BVa {e\$maer :

g
nmM dfmªgmR>r XoÊ`mMo R>a{dco.

Z
1) àË`oH$ {OëømV H$_rV H$_r EH$ AmXe© _mÜ`{_H$ emim 1906-~S>moXm g§ñWmZ-àmW{_H$ {ejU gŠVrMo
CKS>mdr.

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 1910 _Ü`o - JmonmiH¥$îU JmoIco `m§Zr ^maV^a àmW{_H$
2) {ejUmMr ì`mdhmarH$ d ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejUm_Ü`o {d^mJUr
{ejU gŠVrMo H$amdo Ag§ {~c H${ZîR> g^mJ¥hmV _m§S>co.

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H$amdr.
- ì`mdhmarH$ - ì`mnmamgmR>r - ho ~rc B§½c§S>À`m àmW. {ejUmMm H$m`Xo - 1870, 1876

,
- ì`mdgm{`H$ - {dÚmnrR>r` {ejU `mda AmYmarV.

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- ho gd© _mÜ`. {ejUmZ§Va - 1) 6-10 d` AgUmè`m _mo\$V d gŠVrMo
3) H$moUË`mhr Y_m©Mo àË`j {ejU emioH$Sy>Z Xody Z`o. - 2) IM© : àm§VrH$ gaH$ma/ñWm{ZH$ ~m°S>r : 2:1

g
4) _hm{dÚmc`m§Zm AZwXmZ - 3) {ejUmgmR>r doJim {d^mJ
5) ñÌr {ejUmgmg MmcZm - 4) g{MdmMr Zo_UyH$ : {ejUmMo g§KQ>Zm

Z
A§_c~OmdUr
^maVr` {dÚmnrR> Am`moJ - 1904 àmW. {e

nd
- cm°S>© H$P©ZZo {dÚmnrR>m§À`m gwYmaUm§H$S>o A{YH$ cj XoÊ`mMo
R>a{dco Ë`mZwgma 27 OmZo. 1902 {~«{Q>e ìhmBgam°` `m§À`m
H$m`©H$mar _§S>imMo EH$ g^mgX Wm°_g a°co AÜ`jVoImcr Am`moJ
Zo_cm.
 CX²Xoe :
 narUm_ :

1) [H§$½O Om°O© ìhr - 1912 - ^maV ^oQ>rda Ë`mZo àmW. {ejUmgmR>r

50 cmI ê$. Kmo{fV.
- 21 \o$~«wdmar 1913 gaH$maZo R>amd nmarV Ho$cm.
- àm§VrH$ gaH$mam§Zm àmoËgmhZ {Xco H$s Jar~, _mJmgcoë`m _wcm§Zm
- ^maVmVrc {dÚmnrR>m§À`m {ejUmMr A§{V_ ì`dñWm R>adUo àmW. {ejU {ZewëH$ Úm.
Am{U Vr gmÜ` hmoÊ`mÀ`m X¥îQ>rZo ì`dñWo_Ü`o gwYmaUm gwM{dUo.
 H$m`©joÌ : g°S>ca Am`moJ - 1917
- \$ŠV {dÚmnrR>r` {ejUmMr A§{V_ ì`dñWm ({dMma)  H$cH$Îmm - {dÚmnrR> Am`moJ
`m_Ü`o àmW.+_mÜ` {ejUmMm {dMma ZìhVm. - 1917 _Ü`o gaH$maZo H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>m§À`m g_ñ`m§Mm Aä`mg
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am`moJ
 {e\$maer :
1) {dÚmnrR>r` ì`dñWmnZmMr nwZa©MZm H$amdr. - `m Am`moJmZo CÀM {ejm~amo~a _mÜ`. {ejUmMmhr Aä`mg
2) {dÚmnrR>r` gXñ`m§Mr g§»`m 50 nojm H$_r d 100 nojm OmñV Ho$cm.
 Am`moJmMo _V Ago hmoVo, H$s _mÜ`{_H$ {ejUmV gwYmaUm
Agw Z`o - H$m`© : 6 df}
3) à`moJemim d J«§Wmc`mMr {Z{_©Vr Pmë`m{edm` {dÚmnrR>r` nmVirdarc {ejUmV gwYmaUm hmoUma

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B{Vhmg Šcmg ZmoQ>g²
g§H$cZ : n«m. ndZ ga (M.A.M.ed. SET)
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Zmhr. 3) J«m_rU {dÚmÏ`mªZm _mÜ`. ñVamda amoIco nm{hOo d _hm{dÚmc`mV

 AÜ`j : E_. B©. g°S>ca àdoe XoÊ`mEodOr ì`mdgm{`H$ d Am¡Úmo{JH$ {ejUmH$S>o di{dco
 gXñ` : XmoZ ^maVr` nm{hOo.
1) AmewVmof _wIOu 4) V§Ì{df`H$, dm{UÁ`, H¥${f _hm{dÚmc`m§Mr ñWmnZm H$amdr.
2) {P`mCX²XrZ Ah_X 5) {ejUmMm CÀM XOm© H$m`_ amIÊ`mgmR>r H$moUmcmhr àdoe Xody
 {e\$maer : emco` EÁ`wHo$eZ 12 dfmªMo Z`o.
1) CÀM {ejUmgmR>r àdoe narjm _°{Q´>Š`wcoeZ EodOr B§Q>a_r{S>AQ>
Agmdr.
dYm© {ejU `moOZm - 1937
2) emgZmZo B§Q>a_r{S>AQ> _hm{dÚmc`o hr Zdr ì`dñWm ñWmnZ - _hmË_m Jm§Yr
H$amdr. - _wcmoÚmoJr {ejU
- ~o{gH$ {ejU

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3) `m _hm{dÚmc`m§ V H$cm, emñÌ, d¡ Y H$, ñWmnË` B.
Aä`mgH«$_m§gmR>r {dÚmWu V`ma hmoVrc. - ZB© Vmcr_

g
4) hr _hm{dÚmc`o ñdm`Îm g§ñWm AgVrc. {ZdS>H$ emim§Zm - ~w{Z`mXr Vmcr_
OmoS>cr OmVrc. ñdmdc§~r
{dÚmWu H|${ÐV

Z
5) àË`oH$ amÁ`mVrc emim§V B§Q>a_r{S>AQ> {ejU _§S>i ñWmnZ
H$amdo.
} ñdml`r {ejUmMr

nd
6) H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>m§VJ©V _hm{dÚmc`o d {dÚmWu `m§Mr g§»`m
~ogw_ma dmT>cr Amho Va T>mH$m `oWo {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZ H$amdo.
7) {dÚmnrR>r` ì`dñWmnZmMo {Z`_ {e{Wc H$amdo.
hñVì`dgm`
Z¡{VH$
_mV¥^mfoVyZ
ì`dñWm

,
8) B§Q>a_r{S>AQ> narjoZV§ a nXdr narjoMm H$mi VrZ dfm©Mm Agmdm. - 7 Vo 14 d`moJQ>mVrc _wcm§Zm _mo\$V d gŠVrM§ {ejU

a
9) {dÚmnrR>m§_Ü`o àmÜ`mnH$ d ànmR>H$ Zo_Ê`mgmR>r {deof {ZdS>_§S>io  22, 23, Am°ŠQ>mo. 1937 _Ü`o dYm© `oWo A{Ic ^maVr`

AgmdrV. `m _§S>imda ~mø Vk. e¡j{UH$ g§å_ocZ - Am`moOZ

g
10)H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>m§V _wcrÀ`m {ejUmgmR>r {deof _§S>i ñWmnZ
H$amdo d nm¡T> _wctgmR>r nS>Xmemim gwé H$amì`mV.
AÜ`j - _hmË_m Jm§Yr
`m_Ü`o ^mfUm§V Ë`m§Zr {ejUmda {dMma

Z
11) gd© {dÚmnrR>m§Zr ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejUm§Mr gmo` H$amdr. - `m {dMmam§da Z§Va MMm©
{dZmo~m ^mdo
}
d
12) A{YH$m{YH$ {ejH$m§ À `m à{ejUmMr ì`dñWm Vgo M
V§Ì{ejUmMr ì`dñWm H$amdr. H$mH$m H${cH$a ^mJ

-
-
-
n
Xþhoar emgZm§VJ©V {ejU - 1919
_m°Q>½o `y Moåg\$S>© gwYmaUm§VJ©V àm§Vr` {ejU {d^mJ cmoH$_§Í`m§H$S>o
H|$Ð gaH$maMo cj H$_r
AZwXmZ ~§X
Om{H$a hþg¡Z
- g§å_ocZmÀ`m eodQ>À`m {Xder H$mhr àñVmd
(7 Vo 14-7 df})
1) _wcm§Zm 7 dfm©n`ªV {ZewëH$ _mo\$V gŠVrMo {ejU
2) {ejUmMo _mÜ`_ - _mV¥^mfm
- àm§VmZm Am{W©H$ AS>MUr Ë`m_wio {ejU {dH$mgmV AS>Wio 3) {ejU ho H$m`m©Zw^d d CËnmXZ H$m`© `mda H|${ÐV
{Z_m©U. - `m àñVmdmZ§Va S>m°. Om{H$a hþg¡Z g{_Vr Zo_cr.
`m g{_Vrcm ì`mdhm[aH$ Aä`mgH«$_ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo H$m_.
hmQ>vJ g{_Vr - 1929 - `mda AmYm[aV amîQ´>r` e¡j{UH$ `moOZm V`ma Ho$cr Vr åhUOoM
- gm`_Z H${_eZZo {ejUmÀ`m {dH$mgmda Ahdmc XoÊ`mgmR>r dYm©/ZB© _wcm¡YmoJr `moOZm hmo`.
`m g{_VrMr ñWmnZm. - _hmË_m Jm§YrZr hr `moOZm "h[aOZ' `m d¥ÎmnÌm§_YyZ EH$
AÜ`j - hmQ>vJ coIZ_mcm àH$m{eV.
1) àmW{_H$ {ejUmcm amîQ´>r` _hËd XoÊ`mV `mdo. ^maV gaH$maMo e. gëcmJma
2) {ejUmMm KmB©Zo àgma H$aÊ`mda Q>rH$m.
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B{Vhmg Šcmg ZmoQ>g²
g§H$cZ : n«m. ndZ ga (M.A.M.ed. SET)
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gmO©Q> `moOZm - 1944 1) 5 df© - àmW

2) 6 df© - _mÜ`
- 1935 À`m H$m`ÚmZo àm§VrH$ gaH$mam§Zm ñdm`ÎmVm {Xcr Jocr.
CÀM {ejUm_Ü`o {dH$mg Pmcm na§Vy _mÜ`. {ejUmMm {dH$mg {dÚmnrR> {ejU Am`moJ (1948-49)
Iyn H$_r Pmcm. - amYmH¥$îUZ Am`moJ
- amîQ´>r` {ejUmMr `moOZm - ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimV ^maVmVrc CÀM {ejUmcm {Xem XoÊ`mMo
1) nyd©-àmW{_H$- 3 Vo 6 df} àma§{^H$ (àmW{_H$) H$m_ Am`moJmZo Ho$co.
- 6 Vo 11 df} {ZewëH$ ì`mnH$ Am{U gŠVrMo 1948 - Am`moJ ñWmnZ
- 11 Vo 17 dfm©gmR>r 6 dfm©Mr doJir {ejU nÜXVr CÀM 1949 - Ahdmc
{ejU  {e\$maer :
- CÀM _mÜ` {ejUmZ§Va 3 dfm©Mr nXdr narjm 1) emco` Aä`mgH«$_ 12 dfm©Mm Agmdm.
- {eew emim§Mr gmo` B. CX²Xoe
 CÀM _mÜ`. {ejmMo XmoZ ^mJ

1) Academic Education
2) Technical & Vocational Education
Xody Z`o.
3) nXdr Aä`mgH«$_ - 3 dfm©Mm
a
2) _°{Q´>Š`wcoe EodOr ~mamdr CÎmrU© Pmë`mIoarO nXdrdJm©V àdoe

g
4) emco` Am{U {dÚmnrR> nmVirda gd©gmYmaU ñdê$nmMm
 CÀMVa _mÜ`{_H$ (Intermediet)

ñVa g_mßV H$aÊ`mV B§Q>a_r{S>AQ> Amcm.

 {ejH$m§Zm à{ejU, em. {ejU.

dZ Aä`mgH«$_ Agmdm.
5) {dÚmnrR>m§Zm g§emoYZmH$S>o cj Úmdo.

n
6) {dÚmnrR>m§Zm ñdm`ÎmVm Úmdr.
_mZ{gH$ Am{U An§JmMr {ejUmMr ì`dñWm. 7) CÀM{ejU - gm_mB©H$ `mXrV

,
- `m `moOZoV 40 dfm©V XoemV {ejUmÀ`m nwZ{Z_m©UMo H$m`© 8) H|$Ð gaH$maZo Am{W©H$ Am{U g_Ýd`mMr O~m~Xmar

a
- B§½c§S>À`m YVuda ^maVmV {ejUmMm ñVa g_mZ R>odm`Mm. 9) {dÚmnrR>o + _hm{dÚmc`m§Zm Am{W©H$ ghmæ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r
- Ioa g{_VrZo hm H$mcmdYr 16 df} Ho$cm. `y.Or.gr. ({dÚmnrR> AZwXmZ _§S>i) ñWmnZ H$amdo.
1918 - nQ>oc A°ŠQ>
g 10) AÜ`mnH$m§_Ü`o àmÜ`mnH$, ànmR>H$, A{Yì`m»`mË`m§Zm Aem
loUr Agmì`mV.

Z
- {dÇ>c^mB© nQ>oc - _w§~B© 11) narjm nÜXVr - dñVy{ZîR> Agmdr, EH$M narjm KoÊ`mEodOr
àmXo{eH$ {ejU H$m`Xm nmg {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ narjm KoÊ`mV `mì`mV.

nd
- `mZwgma àmW. {ejU gŠVrMo
- hmM H$m`Xm nwT>o nQ>oc A°ŠQ>
A~wQ> - dwS> Ahdmc
1936-37 Abbot - wood Report
12) {dÚmnrR>r` {ejUmV gd©Y_©g_^md gmYÊ`mgmR>r gd© Y_m©Mo
{ejU Úmdo.
13) CÀM [ejUmV B§J«Or, amîQ´>^mfm _mV¥^mfm `m VrZhr ^mfm§Zm
_hËd Úmdo.
 {e\$maer : 14) _mÜ`. CÀM _mÜ`. Am{U CÀM {ejU `m VrZhr ñVamda
1) ì`mdgm{`H$ d ì`mdhm[aH$ {ejU Úm. _wcm§Zm B§J«Or {eH$dmdo.
2) àmW. {ejU ho nwñVH$mda AmYm[aV Agy Z`o. 15) àemgH$s` ZmoH$argmR>r ñVmZH$ (nXdr) Amdí`H$ Agy Z`o.
- AmdS>r, {ZdS>r, àd¥Îmr H«$sS>md¥Îmr B. {dMma 16) gd©M {dÚmnrR>m§Mm ñVa g_mZ Agmdm.
3) _mV¥^mfoVyZ {ejU B. 17) J«m_rU {dÚmnrR> g§H$ënZm
- _w»` ^a - 1956 0 `y.Or.gr. - ñWmnZm
EM.Ama.S>r. _§Ìmc`mÀ`m A§VJ©V.
ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejU
 1934 - VoO~hmXÿa gày g{_Vr ***
- B§Q>a{_©S>`Q> dJ© ~§X H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag
- emco` {ejU
16