CHAPTER 1 COMPANY PROFILE

1.1

Location
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Exchange Gomti Nagar Lucknow.

Fig 1: BSNL Office

1.2

About BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India: Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years it has
1

become

one

of

the

largest

public

sector

units

in

India.

BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it, expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence. Today, it has about 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable, 63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages.

BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts and planned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier and North-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services.

BSNL is numero uno operator of India in all services in its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer.

BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 17.8 million cellular customers, garnering 24 percent of all mobile users as its subscribers. That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has a BSNL connection. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 35.1 million Basic Phone subscribers i.e. 85 per cent share of the subscriber base and 92 percent share in revenue terms. BSNL has more than 2.5 million WLL subscribers and 2.5 million Internet Customers who access Internet through various modes viz. Dial-up, Leased Line, DIAS, and Account Less Internet (CLI). BSNL has been adjudged as the NUMBER ONE ISP in the country. BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides convergent services like voice, data and video through the
2

same Backbone and Broadband Access Network. At present there are 0.6 million Data One broadband customers. The company has vast experience in Planning, Installation, network integration and Maintenance of Switching & Transmission Networks and also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training Institute. Scaling new heights of success, the present turnover of BSNL is more than Rs.351, 820 million (US $ 8 billion) with net profit to the tune of Rs.99, 390 million (US $ 2.26 billion) for last financial year. The infrastructure asset on telephone alone is worth about Rs.630,000 million (US $ 14.37 billion).

BSNL plans to expand its customer base from present 47 millions lines to 125 million lines by December 2007 and infrastructure investment plan to the tune of Rs. 733 crores (US$ 16.67 million) in the next three years.

The turnover, nationwide coverage, reach, comprehensive range of telecom services and the desire to excel has made BSNL the No. 1 Telecom Company of India.

1.3

Vision , Mission and Objective

Vision

To become the largest Telecom Service Provider in Asia

Mission

i.

To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services to its customers on demand
3

at

competitive

prices.

ii.

To Provide world class telecom infrastructure in its area of operation and to contribute to the growth of the country's economy.

Objective
i.

To

be

the

Lead

Telecom

Services

Provider.

ii.

To provide quality and reliable fixed telecom service to our customer and there by increase customer's confidence.

iii.

To provide mobile telephone service of high quality and become no. 1 GSM operator in its area of operation.

iv.

To provide point of interconnection to other service provider as per their requirement promptly.

v. vi.

To facilitate R & D activity in the country. Contribute towards: i. National Plan Target of 500 million subscriber base for India by 2010. ii. Broadband customers base of 20 million in India by 2010 as per Broadband Policy 2004. iii. Providing telephone connection in villages as per government policy. iv. Implementation of Triple play as a regular commercial proposition.

1.4

R&D,HRD and Training

With a corporate philosophy that considers Human Resource as the most prized assets of the organization, it's natural for BSNL to continually hone employee skills, enhance their knowledge and their expertise and their aspirations to fruition. Even as BSNL goes about conducting its business activities, it lays emphasis on constant enhancement of knowledge and skills through regular training programmers.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited has a vast reservoir of highly skilled and experienced work force of about 3, 57,000 personnel. We believe that our staff, which is one of the best trained manpower in the telecom sector, is our biggest asset. We believe that our future depends on our staff who provide services to our valued customers and stay in touch with them. To meet the technological challenges, employees are trained for technology up-gradation, modernization, computerization etc in BSNL's training Centers spread across Country. These centers are properly equipped with the requisite infrastructure facilities such as Lecture rooms, modern audio-visual aids, libraries, hostels etc.

To apex training centers of BSNL i.e. Advance level Telecom Training Center (ALTTC) at Ghaziabad and Bharat Ratna Bhimrao Telecom Training Center at Jabalpur are comparable to any world class Telecom Training Center. Moreover, 43 zonal training centers and a National Academy of Telecom Finance and Management have been running for several years now.

Different curriculum run in these centers to impart technology based training, training for attitudinal change, basic educational and skill development program etc.

1.5

Participating Companies
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and HCL technologies are involved in a multi-year engagement with BSNL, which includes setting up of complex data networks across the BSNL offices found across the length and breadth of the country. While TCS is
5

looking after the North and West zones of India, HCL will be concerned with the South and East zones. The project would include deployment of Operational Support Systems (OSS) and Business Support Systems (BSS) components such as customer relationship management, billing, mediation and directory enquiry, among others. TCS and HCL will assist BSNL in the transformation of existing systems and processes to next generation converged billing system. The range of services would include billing, accounting, mediation, provisioning, inventory, EMS (enterprise management system), NMS (network management system), revenue assurance, CRM (customer relationship management) and all applications related to helpdesk. They will lead and manage the overall engagement along with a large team of hardware, software and application partners. The overall engagement involves managing the development, deployment and operations of services. TCS will leverage its assets, frameworks, development processes, best practices and prior experience of similar such engagements in order to deliver the next generation of services to BSNL and help offer better service to its end users, said Mr. Ravi Viswanathan, Vice President and Global Head, Telecom Business Unit, TCS.

1.6

Network Infrastructure

1.6.1 Telephone
Basic Telephone Total Number of connections WLL (Tarang) Total Number of connections Village Public Telephones 6 As on 30.09.08 46,96,64 1 As on 30.09.08 3,01,22,2 69

Total Number of Telephones

As on 31.07.09

5,54,928

Public Telephones (Local,STD and Highway) Total Number of Public Telephones STD Stations Number of STD Stations As on 30.09.08 33,206 As on 30.09.08 19,31,18 2

Transmission Systems as on 30.09.08 Transmission Systems Digital (Route kms) Coaxial Microwave UHF Optical Fiber (Route kms) 6,024 50,430 45,130 5,60,086

Satellite based Services (as on 30.09.08) MCPC-VSATs IDR Systems (2 Mb/ 8 Mb) 82 99/38

1.6.2 Mobile Services

Total No. of 2G Connection Total No. of 3G Connection District Headquarters Covered Total No. of Villages Covered Total number of Town/cities covered National Highway covered (Km)
7

49,088,514 10, 745 618(All covered) 3,21,97 21,953 56,302(out of 60,519)

State Highway covered (Km) Railway route covered (Km)

77,665(out of 1,240,77) 43,779(outof 54,731)

1.6.3 Data Network

Sl.No. Unit Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ANDEMAN & NICOBAR ANDHRA PRADESH ASSAM BIHAR CHHATTISGARH GUJARAT HARYANA HIMACHAL PRADESH JAMMU & KASHMIR JHARKHAND KARNATAKA KERALA MADHYA PRADESH MAHARASHTRA NORTH EAST-I NORTH EAST-II ORISSA PUNJAB RAJASTHAN TAMIL NADU UTTARACHAL UTTAR PRADESH(E) UTTAR PRADESH(W) WEST BENGAL CALCUTTA CHENNAI BSNL
9

WORKING CONNECTIONS 0 114 48 44 26 101 3 16 18 56 230 140 119 458 42 0 76 82 162 182 10 190 101 75 312 39 2644

10

1.6.4 National Internet Backbone:

National Internet Backbone (NIB) BSNL is an Internet service provider, providing Internet service throughout the entire country except in New Delhi and Mumbai, under the brand name of "Sanchar net". Sancharnet provides free all India roaming and enables it's users to access their accounts, using the same access code (172233) and user ID from anywhere in the Country. It has a customer base of more than 21 lakh subscribers. In order to make Internet available through out the length and breadth of the Country Internet Dhabas are being commissioned at all the Block Headquarters INTERNET SERVICES (As on 30.10.2006)

11

SN

Name

of

the

No. nodes

of

No. Working

of

Telecom Circle

connections 1 ANDAMAN NICOBAR 2 ANDHRA PRADESH 3 4 5 6 7 8 ASSAM BIHAR CHHATTISGARH GUJARAT HARYANA HIMACHAL PRADESH 9 JAMMU KASHMIR 10 11 12 13 JHARKHAND KARNATAKA KERALA MADHYA PRADESH 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 MAHARASHTRA NORTH EAST-I NORTH EAST-II ORISSA PUNJAB RAJASTHAN TAMILNADU UTTRANCHAL UTTAR PRADESH (EAST) 23 UTTAR PRADESH (WEST) 24 25
12 WEST BENGAL

&

2851

23

173105

15 15 8 22 16 6

17005 16064 19990 146658 63702 17758

&

27342

7 27 15 43

18964 162722 260799 71198

36 5 5 13 19 32 31 10 39

211950 9750 11958 33629 122120 96362 298509 26381 67081

20

67883

12 1

36932 291

WESTERN TELECOM

1.7

Growth plan:
National Internet backbone of BSNL The National Internet Backbone of BSNL consists of 432 Point of Presence( POP) that gives it the capability of transporting IP traffic from every hook and corner of the country. This network provides internet services to more than 1 million dial-up customers including about 3.5 lakh customers on CLI basis. 2nd in the line of IP network, BSNL commissioned a state-of-the-art Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) NETWORK TAKING India into the next stage of the IP evolution. This network has 10 physical nodes with all district headquarters designated as virtual nodes. This network has opened up a new market segment of secure and reliable Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for Corporate customers. The latest endeavor of BSNL is a world-class multi-gigabit multi-protocol, convergent IP infrastructure which will provide voice, data and video services through the same backbone. In terms of infrastructure for broadband services, this would put India at par with more advanced nations. Designated as NIB-II this will be implemented in the form of four projects.

Project 1 involves building up of MPLS backbone Project 2.1 is for narrow band access Project 2.2 is for broadband access Project 3 is to put systems and processes in place to integrate network built in The other projects and provide services like messaging, billing etc.

13

All the above projects in form of NIB-II are at different stages of implementation and as per schedule .They will be operational in the third quarter of this year. The services that will be available to customers when NIB-II is in place:

Narrowband and broadband Internet access. Virtual Private Network. Managed OPE Value Added Services like encryption, firewall and NAT Messaging: Plain Vanilla and feature rich Data Center Services: web hosting and web-collocation. Content based Services: e.g. video multicast, video on demand, interactive gaming

1.8

Future Plans
[1] Introduction: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, the Indias number one Internet Service Provider with Category A License (countrywide presence) offers Internet Service under the brand name of Sancharnet. The total registered customer base under Sancharnet has touched the figure of seven lakhs as on 15/07/2004. In addition, to proliferate Internet penetration, BSNL has started CLI based Account less Internet Service also called as pay as per use, under revenue sharing arrangement with the franchisee. The service is presently operational in 35 cities, catering to more than four lakhs customer, with plan to extend the same to 100 cities in the current financial year. As part of the franchisee agreement, BSNL will provide the RAS port and the Connectivity to Internet while the franchisee has to supply the software solution including the hardware for running the application, for registration, Billing and RADIUS. The percentage share of franchisees varies from 8% for large cities to 17% for small cities. The revenue share is calculated on the total logged minutes with access charge as 10 paisa per minute.
14

[2] Technical Description: The technical description of the service is given below. 2.1 ACCOUNTLESS CLI based Internet is for providing access to Internet for BSNL'S PSTN subscribers only. The access will be normal charging on the telephone lines. The system will be integrated with the existing NIB. The authentication will be done locally. Any Customer who is having a BSNL'S PSTN connection will be able to access this Internet Service without requiring Internet account with ISP, pre-activation or renewal. Access will be provided to the registered users. 2.2 The System requirement: 2.2.1 The system will be in a position to give the access to any caller from

BSNL's PSTN line with the specific access code, 172222. 2.2.2 protocols. 2.2.3 The system should be in a position to capture the CLI of the caller The system should interact with any RAS running on standard

from the RAS and store the records including IP address used, start time, duration etc. 2.2.4 System should be in a position to allow the new customers to visit a

WEB site for on-line registration. Subsequent login to the system may authenticate subscriber directly based on his CLI and password. 2.2.5 The system will provide only local authentication and billing based

on duration. It will utilize the resources of RAS, Router at NIB for Internet access and Gateway. 2.2.6 Similar System should be in working condition in India/ abroad for

three months and supporting 20,000 subscribers. 2.3 Registration: 2.3.1 On dialing, the new user will be able to open only registration

website which is hosted locally at the Service Providers Web Server. The registration will be based on the CLI of the caller. The CLI up to 14 digits will be the USERNAME.

15

2.3.2

The system should provide minimum 25 fields during registration

for entry by the caller intending to register. There will be mandatory fields. If mandatory fields are not filled, subscriber registration will not be allowed. 2.3.3 Through this WEB site, the new user will register his own password

in a confirmation mode. There will be provision for re-registering password in case it is forgotten, on the basis of KEY WORDS supplied at the time of registration. 2.4 Authentication: 2.4.1 The system should identify the registered customers on the basis of

CLI captured by the system. 2.4.2 The registered caller on dialing the access code will be authenticated

by the franchisee server based on the CLI (Username) and the password. 2.4.3 The system will only allow one access at a time based on CLI.

Wrong password will be rejected by the system. 2.4.4 The system should be in a position to process more than 2 lacs

database entries for authentication purpose daily. 2.4.5 System should provide the IP address allocated to Caller ID and

related necessary information for cyber crime inquiry as per ISP license conditions. 2.5 Billing: 2.5.1 The system should use standard RDBMS and should process more

than 30 lacs CDRs in a month. The format of the CDRs should be such that it can be processed by the billing system of the SSA. Any modification in hardware/ Software should be incorporated free of cost by the Franchisee. 2.5.2 The accounting will be done by the billing Server, which will

generate the CDR depending upon the usage in minutes of Internet usage. 2.5.3 The system should be in a position to supply total usage minute

against any CLI (Username) in a specified duration.

16

2.5.4

The CDR generated by the billing Server will be integrated into the

existing Billing System of BSNL for charging to the customer in their Telephone bill. 2.5.5 There will be provision to take the back up of the CDR data at the

minimum interval of 1 day. 2.5.6 Additional utility for post processing the CDR based on CLI or time

stamp should be supported. 2.5.7 2.5.8 advance. 2.5.9 Rating should be capable of parsing CDRs in real time basis but not Billing information should be available online to the subscriber Discount or Rating should be available depending upon the time

slots and day wise. This information will be supplied by BSNL 30 days in

on interval more than 10 minutes

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1

A BSNL Exchange at a glance

17

2.1.1 Study of Battery Power Plant

The battery power plant is an essential part of a BSNL exchange. This power plant provides a constant DC voltage ranging between -47 to -54 volt to the complete exchange and to the land line phones that operate. The battery power plant consists of various modules and battery sets that provide for a back up in case of long term power failures. The battery power supply of various levels of the exchange. It consist of modular rectifiers that convert the input AC voltage to DC voltage .They are in from of modules which are connected to switches and ultimately to main working units. The battery sets which provide current when needed. They are actually dry cells. 1200 AMPERS of DC current is generated and from this 4000.Ah is taken by one battery sett and 3000 Ah by 2nd buttery set and 500A is provided to the exchange. The VE voltage is generated by grounding by grounding the positive terminal of the battery sets. The battery power plant DC generating modules for switch room, main distribution from and WLL sections separately. There are inverters that convert, in case of electricity failure, DC Voltages to AC voltages which is used to run the computers that control the main exchanges.

2.1.2 MDF (Main Distribution Frame)

The main distribution frame (MDF) of BSNL exchange consists of two sides one is NE side and Pair side . The pair side is connected to the primary cable, that is to the main telephone line . The NE side is connected to the exchange .The pair side has vertical block that have the main incoming line connected to it. There are 10 to 80 blocks which correspond to different phone numbers. There are jumpers present in these vertical blocks, faults at the Exchange level. This jumpering sets help to detect, faults at connected by wires to the NE sides which horizontal blocks and it have also used for fault detection. The numbering of these jumpers is done according to the modules assigned to different areas to which the exchange servers. For 1/1, , --------, 1/80, 2/1, etc.

18

The modular structures of jumpers which have recently been introduced use splitters. There are also jumpers for broadband connections which are optional to customers. The MDF room is connected to the switch room (5ESS and EWSD switch room). The MDF acts as a terminal to the outdoor telephone network.

LIN E

DSLAM

PST N

Fig 2.1: Wiring of a jumper

2.1.3 Study of the outdoor network

The outdoor network is the basic part of any telephone exchange. The outdoor network connects the end user to the exchange and to other end user. The outdoor network consists of 1. Primary cables.
19

2. Secondary cables 3. Pillars with jumpers. 4. Distribution points. The main distribution frame gives out a primary cable that terminates at the pillars. The pillars have jumpers in them which range from 800 to 1200 depending on demand in the area. There are empty slots provided in each outdoor pillar for future extension of connections. The primary cable carries approximately 800 lines for all the connections. The pillars are located at different locations. The jumpers have the same purpose as in the MDF room. They are necessary for fault detection at outdoor level. There are several secondary lives that originate from the pillars. The secondary line carry approximately 100 to 120 lines and these lines are distributed different distributions point located in the close vicinity of the end user. Approximately 10 to 20 lines terminate at each distribution point and from there the connection line goes to the land line phones installed at the house of the customer or at the office. The distribution point or DPs also have some left out slots for future demands of the customers. The primary lines and secondary lines consist of copper wires.

Pillars
800 Lines

MDF

Jumper s

40 Lines

D P m p er s D P D P

End users

20 Lines

20

D P

Fig2.2: Diagrammatic structure of outdoor network

The telephone call that is made by a user take a path through DP to secondary lines to pillars and then through grounded primary lines to the MFD and then to the Exchange.

2.1.4 TAX System

Tax stands for Transit Automatic Exchange. TAX system is like the telephone exchange to which different exchanges are commented. The TAX system is used for 3TD and TSD dialing. No telephone lines are commented to the TAX system. The TAX system is connected to all other TAX systems all over India and thus helps in long distance calling. The STD call that is made is transmitted through the shortest path that is possible to make call complete.

Exchange1

Exchange4

TAX

Exchange2

21

Exchange3

Fig2.3: Diagrammatic view of the TAX System

Exchange 3 other city

TAX System 1

Subscriber

DP
Subscri ber

Exchan ge2
Subscri ber

Fig2.4: TAX system in the basic telephonic structure

2.1.5 Study of switch

The switch mainly consists of DLC (Digital loop carrier) and 5ESS and EWSD exchanges. The temperature of the switch room is maintained at approximately above 22 C for proper functioning of the exchange components. The range of any exchange is maximum upto 3 Kms. It is not possible to set up an exchange at every 3 Kms. So the DLC is used which has two components COT and ROT. The DLC is connected to a remote minor exchange that controls a particular larges area. The DLC and the remote exchange are connected using optical fibers.

22

COT is placed at the main exchange while ROT is Placed at the remote minor exchange. The main purpose of switch is mainly segmentation of the outdoor network. Each ROT placed at remote locations is connected to the main exchange through optical fibers and digital signals are transmitted. The main exchanges are connected to the smaller exchanges (RSU and RSM) through PCM.

2.2 Study of fault rectification system of BSNL:Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited uses software Called FRSS:Fault rectification support system. It is software that maintains a database of all the faults that occur. The fault is registered on an interactive Voice Response system (IVRS) by dialing 198 from any landline number. Once the fault is registered the computer generates a response code which is provided to the customer. The facility of fault detection is provided at each level to the customer. At the exchange level jumpers are introduced to detect fault at the MDF jumpers are also provided at the pillars to detect faults in the lines either primary or secondary. The complaint that is registered is cross checked with the database of customers for the authenticity of the complaint and after that the complaint is forwarded to the MDF incharge who checks for the fault at exchange level and if no fault is found he sends a line man to check for the fault at outdoor level. The FRSS also corresponds to the commercial office support system (COSS) to check for bills and other possible conditions of occurrence of a fault. The fault detected is notified by MDF incharge to the SDO of the exchange and is rectified according to the instructions given. Some faults that generally occur are:
1. Dead Phone line.

2. Cross connection. 3. Problems in internet connections.

2.3 Study of the commercial office support system (COSS):

23

The commercial office support system monitors the commercial activities of the BSNL Exchanges. The COSS has a database of all the active and inactive numbers that helps for fault allocation, billing and call monitoring. The demand is registered to the COSS and than a notification is sent to the CO of the area exchange who sends or forwards it to the SDO outdoor who directs the MDF incharge to pair the phone line with the N.E. . Than an N.E. is given to the phone number which is the response code of that number at the technical level. Now after the N.E. is generated the software cross checks for the authenticity of the N.E. allotted and then the notification is given to the TRA at billing section and the database is updated. The trainee was directed to check the database of a give set of number for their current status using the COSS software. The number was entered and the status was noted according to the display. This was done for 239,231 and 272 series of numbers. The COSS works in correspondence with the FRSS software which shares the same database of customers. The billing of the customers of BSNL landline phone is done using this software and thus works in close correspondence to the FRSS software.

24

CHAPTER 3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 Purpose
Initially the JTO(Junior Telecom Officer) supervising the traffic control software of the exchange used to generate CCR (Call Completion Ratio) report manually. The Trainee was asked to develop an application program that will take the report generated by the Software currently being used to control the traffic, as input and generate CCR report based on parameters: TGN, OATTMPT, and OANS.

3.2 Software Used

Visual C++ Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 provides a powerful and flexible development environment for creating Microsoft Windowsbased and Microsoft .NETbased applications. It can be used as an integrated development system, or as a set of individual tools. Visual C++ is comprised of these components: The Visual C++ 2005 compiler tools. The compiler has new features supporting developers that target virtual machine platforms like the Common Language Runtime (CLR). There are now compilers to target x64 and Itanium. The compiler continues to support targeting x86 machines directly, and optimizes performance for both platforms.

The Visual C++ 2005 Libraries. This includes the industry-standard Active Template Library (ATL), the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) libraries, and standard libraries such as the Standard C++ Library, and the C RunTime Library (CRT), which has been extended to provide security enhanced alternatives to functions known to pose security issues. A new library, the C++ Support Library, is designed to simplify programs that target the CLR.

25

The Visual C++ 2005 Development Environment. Although the C++ compiler tools and libraries can be used from the command-line, the development environment provides powerful support for project management and configuration (including better support for large projects), source code editing, source code browsing, and debugging tools. This environment also supports IntelliSense, which makes informed, context-sensitive suggestions as code is being authored.

In addition to conventional graphical user-interface applications, Visual C++ enables developers to build Web applications, smart-client Windows-based applications, and solutions for thin-client and smart-client mobile devices. C++ is the world's most popular systems-level language, and Visual C++ gives developers a world-class tool with which to build software.

26

CHAPTER 4 SCREEN SHOTS

27

4.1 Sample Input:

28

Fig4.1 Sample Input File

4.2 Graphic User Interface:

29

Fig 4.2 : Getting Choice From the User

30

4.3 Output:

31

Fig 4.3: Sample Output

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

The introduction of the trainee to the battery power plant, MDF room, and switch rooms and to their basic working solidified its base on landline telephone networking. The trainee learnt that how a fault is registered and rectified along with how does BSNL keep track of the commercial activities of the customers with the use of fault rectification support system software (FRSS) and commercial office support system (COS). The Trainee also developed a program intended to be implemented in the CCR report generation process. Previously the employees used to cross check the hard copies and compare the fields, all this was done manually. The program helped them to automatize this work, saving time and manpower.

32

CHAPTER 6 REFERENCES
[1] www.bsnl.co.in [2] www.wikipedia.org [3] Robert Lafore, Waite group, Object Oriented Programming Using C++. [4] Rao,Venugopal Tata Mcgraw Hill Publications, Mastering C++.

33

CHAPTER 7 APPENDIX
Source Code:
#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<fstream.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #define LIM 1000

int Flag=0;//Flag Value to detect EOF char* getline(FILE *fp); int strindex(char* string,char pattern[]); char* getline(FILE* fp) { int i=0,ch; char *ptr; char l[LIM]; while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF &&ch!='\n') {l[i++]=ch;} if(ch=='\n')l[i++]=char (ch); l[i]='\0'; ptr=l; if (ch==EOF)Flag=-1; return(ptr);
34

int strindex(char* string,char pattern[]) { int i,j,k=0; for(i=0;string[i]!='\0';i++) { for(j=i,k=0;pattern[k]!='\0' && string[j]==pattern[k];j++,k++); if(k>0 && pattern[k]=='\0') return(i); } return -1; }

void main() { char tgn,oat,ans; //charachter getting values of TGN ,OATTMPT, OANS int t,io,ia; //tmp variables to store the converted integer value int T,OAT,ANS=0; //integers to store the converted values int p_tgn,p_oat,p_ans=0;//getting the positions of "TGN" ,"OATTMPT", "QANS" char *i=0; int T1[2]={0},o1[2]={0},a1[2]={0}; float ccr[2]={0}; char file[16]; FILE *fp,*wp; cout<<"\n Enter the file path: "; cin>>file; if((fp=fopen(file,"r"))==NULL) {
35

printf("file not found"); }

wp=fopen("result.txt","w");//open 4 writing fprintf(wp,"%s\n\n","Results"); fprintf(wp,"%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n\n","TGN","OATTMPT","OANS","CCR"); while(Flag!=-1)//reading till the end of file { OAT,T=0; l=getline(fp);//fetching one line p_tgn=strindex(l,"TGN"); p_oat=strindex(l,"OATTMPT"); p_ans=strindex(l,"OANS"); if(p_tgn!=-1 && p_oat !=-1) { int t1=p_tgn; int t2=p_oat; for(int i=0;i<2;i++) { l=getline(fp); p_tgn=t1; p_oat=t2; T=0; do { tgn=l[p_tgn]; t=tgn-'0'; T=T*10+t; p_tgn++;
36

}while(l[p_tgn]!=' '); T1[i]=T; OAT=0; do{ oat=l[p_oat]; io=oat-'0'; OAT=OAT*10+io; p_oat++; }while(l[p_oat]!=' '); o1[i]=OAT; } }//end of if if(p_tgn!=-1 && p_ans !=-1) { int t1=p_tgn; int t2=p_ans; for(int i=0;i<2;i++) { l=getline(fp); p_tgn=t1; p_ans=t2; T=0; do { tgn=l[p_tgn]; t=tgn-'0'; T=T*10+t; p_tgn++; }while(l[p_tgn]!=' ');
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T1[i]=T; ANS=0;

do{ ans=l[p_ans]; ia=ans-'0'; ANS=ANS*10+ia; p_ans++;

}while(l[p_ans]!=' '); a1[i]=ANS; }

for( i=0;i<2;i++) { cout<<"\n For TGN: cout<<"\n OATTMPT: cout<<"\n OANS: " <<T1[i]; "<<o1[i]; "<<a1[i];

float tmp=o1[i]; float tmp1=a1[i]; if(tmp!=0) ccr[i]=(tmp1/tmp)*100; else ccr[i]=0; cout<<"\n CCR: "<<ccr[i]<<"\n\n";

fprintf(wp,"%d\t%d\t%d\t%f\n",T1[i],o1[i],a1[i],ccr[i]); } fprintf(wp,"\n"); }//end of if

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}// end of file read fclose(wp);

fclose(fp); getch(); }

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