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Combined Gas-Vapor Power Plant

The document discusses combined cycle power plants, which improve efficiency by combining a gas turbine generator with a steam turbine generator. The gas turbine produces electricity and waste heat that is used to generate steam to power a steam turbine. This results in higher overall efficiency than gas or steam turbines alone. Combined cycle plants can achieve efficiencies over 50% and are widely used for power generation.

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120 views20 pages

Combined Gas-Vapor Power Plant

The document discusses combined cycle power plants, which improve efficiency by combining a gas turbine generator with a steam turbine generator. The gas turbine produces electricity and waste heat that is used to generate steam to power a steam turbine. This results in higher overall efficiency than gas or steam turbines alone. Combined cycle plants can achieve efficiencies over 50% and are widely used for power generation.

Uploaded by

albert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMBINED GAS-

VAPOR POWER
PLANT
Power Plant Engineering
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COMBINED GAS–VAPOR
POWER CYCLES
Introduction:
The continued quest for higher
thermal efficiencies has resulted in
rather innovative modifications to
conventional power plants.
A popular modification involves a gas
power cycle topping a vapor power
cycle, which is called the combined
gas–vapor cycle, or just the
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combined cycle
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The combined cycle of greatest interest
is the gas-turbine (Brayton) cycle topping
a steam-turbine (Rankine) cycle, which
has a higher thermal efficiency than
either of the cycles executed
individually.

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It makes engineering sense to take
advantage of the very desirable
characteristics of the gas-turbine cycle at
high temperatures and to use the high-
temperature exhaust gases as the energy
source for the bottoming cycle such as a
steam power cycle. The result is a
combined gas–steam cycle.

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Recent developments in gas-turbine
technology have made the combined gas–
steam cycle economically very attractive.
The combined cycle increases the
efficiency without increasing the initial
cost greatly. Consequently, many new
power plants operate on combined
cycles, and many more existing steam- or
gas-turbine plants are being converted to
combined-cycle power plants.
Thermal efficiencies over 50% are
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reported. 7
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Combined Cycle Power Plant
• The Combined Cycle Power
Plant or combined cycle gas turbine, a
gas turbine generator generates
electricity and waste heat is used to
make steam to generate additional
electricity via a steam turbine.

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• A Combined Cycle Power Plant produces
high power outputs at high efficiencies
(up to 55%) and with low emissions. In a
Conventional power plant we are
getting 33% electricity only and
remaining 67% as waste.
• By using combined cycle power plant
we are getting 68% electricity.

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How a Combined-Cycle Power Plant Produces
Electricity

Gas turbine burns fuel:


The fast-spinning turbine drives a
generator that converts a portion of the
spinning energy into electricity.
Heat recovery system captures
exhaust:
The HRSG creates steam from the gas
turbine exhaust heat and delivers it to
the steam turbine.
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Steam turbine delivers additional
electricity.
The steam turbine sends its energy to
the generator drive shaft, where it is
converted into additional electricity..
As with single cycle thermal units, combined cycle
units may also deliver low temperature heat energy for
industrial processes, district heating and other uses.
This is called cogeneration and such power plants are
often referred to as a Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
plant.
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Advantages of Combined Cycle
Power Plant
• The efficiency of the combined cycle plant
is better or higher than the turbine cycle
or steam cycle plant. The efficiency of
combined cycle power plant will be of the
order of about 45 to 50%.
• fewer moving parts and less vibration than
a reciprocating engine
• very low toxic emissions
• runs on a wide variety of fuels
• high operating speeds

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Disadvantages of Combined Cycle
Power Plant
• Higher cost
• longer start-up
• shrill whining noise.

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• Abstract: The excellent efficiencies reached today by
combined cycle power plants (above 60% LHV), are the result
of integration into a single production unit of two
complementary technologies in terms of temperature levels:
gas turbines, which operate at high temperature (in an aero-
derivative turbine gases typically enter at 1300 C in the
expansion turbine, and come out at around 500 C), and steam
plants, which operate at lower temperatures (between 450 C
and 30 C in this case). In section 12.1.5.1 we saw that
regeneration can significantly increase the performance of the
Brayton cycle, but the percentage of energy recovered is even
lower than the temperature and pressure levels of this cycle
are higher. In modern gas turbines, regeneration is rarely
possible or economically worthwhile. Another way to enhance
the residual enthalpy of the exhaust gases is to use them as a
heat source for a second cycle of production of mechanical
energy. Combined cycles correspond to this new generation of
thermal power plants.
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Schematic Diagram

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Example
• A combined gas turbine–vapor power plant has a net power
output of 45 MW. Air enters the compressor of the gas
turbine at 100 kPa, 300 K, and is compressed to 1200 kPa.
The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 84%. The
condition at the inlet to the turbine is 1200 kPa, 1400 K. Air
expands through the turbine, which has an isentropic
efficiency of 88%, to a pressure of 100 kPa. The air then
passes through the interconnecting heat exchanger and is
finally discharged at 400 K. Steam enters the turbine of the
vapor power cycle at 8 MPa, 400C, and expands to the
condenser pressure of 8 kPa. Water enters the pump as
saturated liquid at 8 kPa. The turbine and pump of the vapor
cycle have isentropic efficiencies of 90 and 80%,
respectively. Determine the mass flow rates of the air and
the steam, each in kg/s, and the net power developed by the
gas turbine and vapor power cycle, each in MW.
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