Solution to Mid-term Exam (CSE574 Drainage Design)

Semester 2 in 2021-22

Q1a: [Total marks: 10]

1
𝑥−𝐵 𝑘(𝑥−𝐵) 𝑘
−( )= [1− ]
𝑖𝑓 𝑒 𝐴 𝐴 (3 marks)
𝑥−𝐵 𝑘(𝑥−𝐵)
−𝑘( )= [1− ]
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒 𝐴 𝐴 (3 marks)
𝑥−𝐵 (0)(𝑥−𝐵)
−0( )= [1− ]= 1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒 𝐴 𝐴 (4 marks)
Thus, Gumbel is a special case of G.E.V. when k = 0
Note:
Mathematical proof with complete steps and illustrations will get full marks.

Solution 1b: [Total marks: 15]

Given Data:
Duration of event = 10 min
imax = 12y + 40 (mm/hr)
imax for 50-yr return period =?
Required: Extreme rainfall intensity of duration 1hr with 50-year return period = ?
1
We know that, P = , (𝜆 is the average number of extreme events per year)
𝜆𝑇
Monthly data: 𝜆 = 12; Return Period = T = 50 (5 marks)
According to Gumbel distribution:
1
𝑦 = − ln(− ln(1 − 𝑃)) = −ln (−ln (1 − ))
𝜆𝑇
1
𝑦 = −ln (−ln (1 − (50×12)))
y = 116.8 mm/hr (10 marks)

1
Q2: [Total marks: 25]
Given Data: Area = 0.1 km2, time of concentration = 25min, runoff coefficient = 0.7
Required: Determine runoff hydrograph and peak discharge with design rainstorm profile
0.1 𝑘𝑚2 𝑘𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = 0.004 → 0.004 × (5) 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠 = 0.02 𝑘𝑚2 (5 marks)
25𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
(15 marks)
Incremental Rainfall Area Runoff Discharge
Time (min) intensity (km2) coefficient Q(m3/s)
(mm/hr) (c)
0 0 0 0 0
5 98 0.02 0.7 0.278(0.7*0.02*98) = 0.381
10 118 0.02 0.7 0.278*0.7(0.02*98+0.02*118) = 0.841
15 159 0.02 0.7 0.278*0.7(0.02*98+0.02*118+0.02*159) = 1.460
20 278 0.02 0.7 0.278*0.7(0.02*98+0.02*118+0.02*159+278*0.02) = 2.541
25 159 0.02 0.7 0.278*0.7(0.02*98+0.02*118+0.02*159+278*0.02+159*0.02) = 3.160
30 118 0 0 0.278*
(0*0*98+0.02*0.7*118+0.02*0.7*159+0.02*0.7*278+0.02*0.7*159+0.02
*0.7*118) = 3.238
35 98 0 0 0.278*
(0*0*98+0*0*118+0.02*0.7*159+0.02*0.7*278+0.02*0.7*159+0.02*0.7
*118+0.02*0.7*98) = 3.160
40 0 0 0 0.278*
(0*0*98+0*0*118+0*0*159+0.02*0.7*278+0.02*0.7*159+0.02*0.7*118
+0.02*0.7*98) = 2.541
45 0 0 0 0.278*
(0*0*98+0*0*118+0*0*159+0*0*278+0.02*0.7*159+0.02*0.7*118+0.02
*0.7*98) = 1.460
50 0 0 0 ……

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 The peak of hydrograph is 3.238 m3/s at time of concentration of 30 min at catchment outlet. (5 marks)
Notes:
1. Steps/approach are/is right (10 marks)
2. Numerical mistakes (3 marks)
3. Answer is correct/not-correct (3-5 marks)
4. If students did not show proper calculations steps, marks were also subtracted.
5. Runoff hydrograph is missing (10 marks)
6. Missing unit/units in solution leads to marks subtraction (1-2 marks)

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Q3 (a) [Total marks: 15]
(i) Site 1: Flat road with normal bituminous wearing course,
𝑛 = 0.013, 𝑆0 = 0.48%, 𝑆𝑐 = 3%, 𝑊𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 5.5𝑚

Following GN035a (Article 3.7), for flat road 𝑆0 ≤ 0.5%:

𝐿𝑢 = 𝐿𝑜 × [1 + 𝐹(𝑅 − 1)] (4 marks)
where 𝐿𝑢 is unadjusted gully spacing in meter
𝐿𝑜 is gully spacing for roads of zero gradient in meter (check Chart 2A in GN035a)
𝐹 is the adjustment factor for different drained widths (check Chart 3 in GN035a)
𝑅 is multiplication factor for different crossfalls and gradients (check Chart 4A)

After checking: 𝐿𝑜 = [8 − 10]𝑚, 𝐹 ≈ 1.0, 𝑅 ≈ 1.2 (3 marks)

(Note: in the latest version of GN035a, 𝐿𝑜 = [8 − 9]𝑚], while in the former version GN035, 𝐿𝑜 =
[9 − 10]𝑚. For marking, any value between [8 – 10] m is considered to be correct choice)

Thus 𝐿𝑢 = 10 × [1 + 1 × (1.2 − 1)] = 12𝑚 (1 mark)

Correction for design: 𝐿 = 𝐿𝑢 × (1 − 𝑅𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ) × (1 − 𝑅𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑠 ) Article 3.7 in GN035a)
where 𝑅𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 is reduction factor for gully efficiency (check Table 5 in GN035a)
𝑅𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑠 is reduction factor for blockage by debris (check Table 6 in GN035a)
After checking: 𝑅𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑠 = 20% (long gradient <0.5%), 𝑅𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0% (assume the grating
type is GA1-450), thus 𝐿 = 12 × (1 − 0%) × (1 − 20%) = 9.6𝑚
(Note: this correction step is not included for marking for this time)

(ii) Site 2: Steep road with friction course,

𝑛 = 0.016, 𝑆0 = 10%, 𝑆𝑐 = 2.5%, 𝑊𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 7.3𝑚
Following GN035a (Article 3.6), for steept road 𝑆0 > 0.5%:
0.01 𝐴
𝐿𝑢 = ( 𝑛
)×𝑊 (4 marks)

Where 𝑛 is roughness coefficient (check Table 4 in GN035a); 𝐴 is drained area in 𝑚2 (check

Chart 1A in GN035a); 𝑊 is drained width in meter

After checking 𝑛 = 0.016, 𝐴 ≈ 150𝑚2 (2 marks)

2
(Note: if based on former version GN035, 𝐴 ≈ 180𝑚 is also acceptable)
0.01 150
Thus, 𝐿𝑢 = (0.016) × 7.3
= 12.84𝑚 (1 mark)

Correction for desgin: 𝑅𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑠 = 20% 𝑜𝑟 15%, 𝑅𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0% (assume the grating type is
GA1-450), thus 𝐿 = 12.84 × (1 − 0%) × (1 − 20%) = 10.27𝑚.
(Note: this correction step is not included for marking for this time)

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Q3(b) [Total marks: 10]

Given 𝑄 = 2.8 𝑚/𝑠 𝐷 = 2𝑚, 𝑆 = 0.002, 𝐻 = 2𝑚, 𝐿𝑒 = 0.5𝐷 = 1𝑚, 𝐾𝑒 = 0.2

𝐻
Due to 𝐷
= 1 < 1.2, this is the critical flow control (2 marks)

𝑄
Assume ( ) ≥ 0.4 (2 marks)
𝐷𝐵√𝑔𝐷

𝑄2 𝑄2
𝐻 + 𝐿𝑒 𝑆0 = 𝑦𝑐 + + 𝐾𝑒 (𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 1)
2𝑔𝐴2𝑐 2𝑔𝐴2
For a box culvert, the critical flow condition becomes:
2 1
𝑦𝑐 𝐷 3 𝑄2 3
= ( ) ( 5)
𝐷 𝐵 𝑔𝐷

2 1
𝐷 3 𝑄2 3
𝑦𝑐 = ( ) ( 5 ) × 𝐷
𝐵 𝑔𝐷

0.928
𝑦𝑐 = (2 marks)
𝐵 2/3

𝐴𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 × 𝐵 = 0.928𝐵1/3
Substitute 𝑦𝑐 , 𝐴𝑐 into eq. (1):
0.928 2.82 2.82
2 + 1 × 0.002 = + + 0.2 ×
𝐵2/3 1 2 2 × 9.81 × (2𝐵)2
2 × 9.81 × (0.928𝐵3 )

𝐵 = 0.604𝑚 (2 marks)
𝑄
Check: = 0.523 > 0.4, the assumption is tenable. (2 marks)
𝐷𝐵√𝑔𝐷

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Q4(a) [Total marks: 10]

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

Q4(b) [Total marks: 15]

For given ,
(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

Assume
(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

D = [660, 700] mm for design purpose (3 marks)