ANSWERS (SALT ANALYSIS)

EXERCISE–I
Q.1 A  MgCl 2 , B  Mg ( NH 4 ) PO4 .6 H 2O , C  Mg 2 P2 O7 , D  NH 3

Q.2 X is NH 4 Cl

Q.3 ZnCl2  2 AgNO3  2 AgCl   Zn( NO3 ) 2

(X) White

ZnCl2  2 NaOH  Zn(OH ) 2  2 NaCl

White

Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 ZnO 2  2 H 2 O

Colourless soln

Na2 ZnO2  H 2 S  ZnS  2 NaOH

White

Q.4 (1) Since (A) gives chromyl chloride test and th, it has Cl 
(2) Since (A) is strong reducing agent So (A) is SnCl 2
(i) SnCl 2  H 2 O  Sn (OH )Cl  HCl
white (B)
transparent white turbidity
solid (A)

(ii) SnCl 2  2 NaOH  Sn ( OH ) 2  2 NaCl

(A) (C)
Sn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 SnO2  2 H 2 O
excess soluble
(iii) SnCl 2  2 HCl  I 2  SnCl 4  2 HI
(iv)  3SnCl4  2Au (purple of cassius)
3SnCl2  2AuCl3 

Stannic acid absorbs colloidal particles of gold, this beautiful purple colour compound is known as purple
of cassius (discovered by cassius in 1865) It is used for colouring glass (ruby red) & pottery.
Q.5 ZnCl2  2 AgNO3  2 AgCl   Zn( NO3 ) 2
(X) White

ZnCl2  2 NaOH  Zn(OH ) 2  2 NaCl

White

Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 ZnO 2  2 H 2 O

Colourless soln

Na2 ZnO2  H 2 S  ZnS  2 NaOH

White

Q.6 NH 4 NO3  NaOH  NaNO3  NH 3   H 2O

(X) (Y)
NH 3  HCl  NH 4 Cl
White fumes
Zn
NaNO 3  8 H NaOH
 NaOH  2 H 2O  NH 3 
 
Q.12 (i) Pb ( NO 3 ) 2  2 PbO  4 NO 2  O 2
CH COOH
(ii) Pb( NO3 ) 2  K 2Cr2O 7 3 
 PbCrO 4 
(iii) Pb ( NO3 ) 2  2 NaOH  Pb (OH ) 2  2 NaNO3
White
Pb( OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 [ Pb (OH ) 4 ]
(excess ) soluble
Q.13 A metallic chloride when does not respond test for C (Chromyl chloride test) may be HgCl 2 .
(i) 2 HgCl 2  SnCl 2  SnCl 4  Hg 2 Cl 2
(A) (B) white
Hg 2 Cl2  SnCl 2  SnCl 4  2 Hg
Grey
(ii) HgCl 2  2KI  HgI 2  2 KCl
2KI  HgI 2  K 2 HgI 4
Excess (C)

Q.14 (A), (B) and (C) are SO2 , CO and O2 respectively. The reactions are as follow :
K 2 Cr2 O7  H 2 SO4  3SO2  K 2 SO4  Cr ( SO4 ) 3  H 2 O
(green)
Ca (OH ) 2  CO2  CaCO3   H 2 O
milky
Q.15 BiCl 3  H 2 O  BiOCl  2 HCl
(A) (B)
BiOCl  2 HCl  BiCl3  H 2 O
(B) (A)
2 BiCl3  3 Na2 SnO2  6 NaOH  2 Bi  3Na2 SnO3  6 NaCl  3H 2 O
Black (C)
2 BiCl3  3H 2 SO4  Bi2 ( SO4 ) 3  6 HCl
(D)
Hg 2 ( NO3 ) 2  2 HCl  Hg 2 Cl 2  2 HNO 3
White

Q.16 Solution C gives ppt. with NaOH solution which is soluble in excess of NaOH solution hence the cation
should be of the amphoteric metal like Zn or Al.
Again solid F is soluble in HCl and gives white precipitate with BaCl2. Therefore anion must be SO42– ion.
Now the A gives offensive smelling gas hence hence the A may be ZnS or Al2S3. But Al2S3 on heating in air
des not form Al2(SO4)3.. Chemical reactions are as follows :
ZnS  2 HCl  ZnCl 2  H 2 S 
(A) (C) (B)
ZnCl 2  2 NaOH  Zn(OH ) 2  2 NaCl
(C) (D)
Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na2 ZnO2  2 H 2 O
2ZnS  3O2  2ZnO  2SO2
(A) (F) (E)
ZnS  2O2  ZnSO4 ( F )
(A)
ZnSO4  BaCl2  BaSO4   ZnCL2
Q.23 A  K 2 Cr2 O7 , B  NH 4 Cl , C  CrO2 Cl2 , D  PbCrO 4 , E  NH 3
Q.24 X  NH 4 NO3 , Y  NH 3
Q.25 X is AlBr3
EXERCISE–II
(Asked in REE)
01.(I) Step (ii) suggest X to be a compound of Ag as it gives tubidity with tap water which contains Cl  . Since the
turbidity is soluble in NH 4 OH .
(II) X may be AgNO3 since it gives oxides of Nitrogen.
Reactions : 2AgNO 3  2Ag  2 NO 2  O 2
residue
AgNO3  Cl   AgCl  NO3
(X) tap
water Turbidity
AgCl  2 NH 4OH  Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 Cl  2 H 2 O
soluble
02.(I) Step (ii) suggest that X may be hypo as it decolorizes solution of I 2 and also loses water of crystallization.
(II) X is Na2 S 2 O3 .5H 2O i.e. : hypo
Na 2 S 2O3 .5 H 2 O  Na 2 S 2 O3  5 H 2 O

Na 2S 2 O 3  2HCl  2 NaCl  SO 2  S  H 2 O
(X) Turbidity
2 Na 2 S 2 O3  I 2  Na 2 S 4 O6  2 NaI
(X)
Na 2S2 O 3  2 AgNO 3  Ag 2S2 O 3  2 NaNO 3
(X) white ppt.
Ag 2 S 2 O3  H 2O  Ag 2 S  H 2 SO 4
Black
on standing
03. (A) on heating gives two oxides of S and thus it is FeSO4 . 7 H2O .
  FeSO4 + 7 H2O
1. FeSO4 . 7 H2O 
(A)
2. 2 FeSO4    Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
(B) (C) (D)
3. Fe2O3 + 6 HCl  2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O
(E) yellow
4. 2 FeCl3 + H2S  FeCl2 + 2 HCl + S
(G) Turbidity (F)

Fe3+ + 3 CNS   Fe (CNS)3 (blood Red colour)

(E)

04. (i) NH4Cl + NaOH    NH3 + NaCl + H2O

(A)
(ii) NH3 + CO2 + H2O  NH4HCO3 (B)
(iii) NH4HCO3 + NaCl  NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
(C)
  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 (D)
(iv) 2 NaHCO3 
09. (i) (X) gives brick red flame test so it contains Ca2+ ;
(ii) (X) gives smell of Cl2 in moist air so (X) is CaOCl2 .
CaOCl2 + CO2  CaCO3 + Cl2
(X) (moist air)
or CaOCl2 + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
(X)
(iii) With KI & CH3COOH , it reacts as follows ,
CaOCl2 + 2KI + 2CH3COOH  Ca(CH3COO)2 + I2 + 2KCl + H2O

10. (i) (X) imparts golden yellow flame and so contain Na+ .
(ii) Step 2 suggest that (X) is NaOH because it reacts with Zn to give H2 .
Zn + 2 NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + H2
(X)
(iii) (X) is also justified by step 3 reactions .
2 NaOH + SnCl2  Sn(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
(X) white ppt.
Sn(OH)2 + 2 NaOH  Na2SnO2 + 2 H2O
(X)excess soluble
11. (i) The compound (B) reacts with NaCl to give white ppt. (D) soluble in NH4OH to (D) is AgCl .
(ii) Thus (B) must contain Ag + ion .
(iii) (B) is obtained from (A) and dil. HNO3 , so (B) is AgNO3 and (A) is Ag .
3 Ag + 4 HNO3  3 AgNO3 + NO + 2 H2O
(A) (B) (C)
AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3
(B) (D)
AgCl + 2 NH4OH  Ag(NH3)2Cl + 2 H2O
(D) soluble
2 AgNO3 + Na2S2O3  Ag2S2O3 + 2 NaNO3 .
(E) white
Ag2S2O3  Ag2S + SO3
black

12. (X) decolourizes K2Cr2O7 solution hence it should be reducing agent .

(i) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3 SO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
Cr2O72 + 2 H + + 3 SO2  2 Cr3+ + 3 SO42- + H2O
(ii) SO2 + H2O2  H2SO4
H2SO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + 2 HCl
or SO2 + H2O2 + BaCl2  BaSO4  + 2 HCl
(iii) SO2 + 2 H2S  3 S  + 2 H2O . [X] is SO2 .

13. (1) (X) gives black ppt. in acid medium & thus it may be HgCl2 , PbCl2 , CuCl2 or SnCl2 .
(2) Black ppt. are insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide & thus it is not SnCl2 .
(3) Step 3 & 4 suggest that (X) is HgCl2 .
(i) HgCl2 + H2S  HgS + 2 HCl
(X) black ppt.
(ii) 2 HgCl2 + SnCl2  SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 .
(X ) white ppt.
Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2  SnCl4 + 2 Hg
grey ppt.
(iii) HgCl2 + 2 KI  HgI2 + 2 KCl
(X) red ppt.
HgI2 + 2 KI  K2HgI4
19. Compound A :
(i) (A) gives on heating two oxides of S and so (A) is FeSO4 . 7 H2O
  FeSO4 + 7 H2O
FeSO4 . 7 H2O 
(A)
2 FeSO4   Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
FeSO4 + 2 NaOH  Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
oxidation
Fe2+    Fe3+ + e–
alkali medium
Compound B :
(i) (B) gives green colour flame and thus it contains Ba +2 ion as it also does not give ppt. with H2S
(ii) (B) on heating with K2Cr2O7 & H2SO4 conc. gives red gas i.e. chromyl chloride and thus (B) also have Cl 
ion.
(iii) Thus (B) is BaCl2 .
2 BaCl2 + K2Cr2O7 + 3 H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2 Cr2O2Cl2 + 2 BaSO4 + 3 H2O
Red gas
CrO2 Cl2 + 4 NaOH  Na2CrO4 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
yellow soln

20. (i) ZnCO3  ZnO + CO2 (Non combustible gas)

(A) (C) (B)
(ii) CO2 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3 + H2O
lime water
(iii) CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O  Ca(HCO3)2
excess
ZnO + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O
(iv) 2ZnCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6]  Zn2[Fe(CN)6] + 4KCl
white
(v) ZnCO3 + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O + CO2
(vi) ZnCl2 + H2S NH OH
 ZnS + 2HCl
 4
white(D)

21. (i) 4FeS + 7O2  4SO2 + 2 Fe2O3

(A) (B)
(ii) FeS + H2SO4  FeSO4 + H2S
(A) (D) (C)
(iii) 2H2S + SO2(aq)  2H2O + 3S
(C) (B) turbidity
(iv) 3FeSO4 + 2K3[Fe(CN)6]  Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 + 3K2SO4
blue colour(E)

22. X is anhydrous AlCl3 ,a lewis acid

(i) AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3HCl (fumes)
(ii) HCl + NH4OH  NH4Cl + H2O
white fumes
(iii) AlCl3 + 3NaOH  3NH4Cl + Al(OH)3 (white ppt.)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH  NaAlO2 + 2 H2O
(soluble)
(iv) AlCl3 + H2S  No ppt. in acidic medium
 (v) K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 + 3H2C2O4  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 6CO2 + 7H2O
Cr2(SO4)3 + 6K2C2O4  2K3[Cr(C2O4)3] + 3K2SO4
(G) Blue crystal

29. A = CuSO4. H2O , B = CuSO4, C = CuO, D = SO3 , E = Ag , F = NO2

30.(i) FeSO4 + dil H2SO4  no gas

(ii) 10FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O
(iii) FeSO4  Fe2O3 + SO2  + SO3 
(iv) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
(v) Cr2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(NO3)2  3BaSO4 + 2Cr (NO3)3
white
(vi) Fe2O3 + 3C  2 Fe+ 3CO 

31. ZnSO4 + 4NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Na2ZnO2 + 2HCl  Zn(OH)2  + 2NaCl
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
Hence the mixture contains NaOH & ZnSO4

32. 2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
168g.(X) (Y) 18g.(B) 44g.(A)
Since 16g. of NaHCO3 gives 44 g. of CO2 & 18g. of H2O
 16.8g. of NaHCO3 gives 4.4g. of CO2 (A) & 1.8g. of H2O(B).
Now , CO2 + Ca(OH)2   CaCO  + H O
3 2
H2O(g)  H2O(l)
Na2CO3 + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2CO3
Alkaline solution
BaCl2 + H2CO3  BaCO3  + 2HCl
white (Z)
BaCO3 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + H2O + CO2 
A = CO2 , B = H2O , & Y = Na2CO3

  MnSO4 + Cl2 + 2H2O + (NH4)2SO4

33. 2NH4Cl + MnO2 + 2H2SO4 
  NH3  + H2O
NH4Cl + NaOH 
turns red
litmus to blue
2 FeCl2 + 2K3Fe(CN)6  Fe3 [Fe(CN)6]2 + 6KCl
blue colour
Fe2+ oxidation
 in aqueous solution
    Fe
3+

Fe3+ + 3SCN  Fe (SCN)3

Blood red colour
It is a mixture of FeCl2 and NH4Cl.

34.(i) FeSO4 + BaCl2  FeCl2 + BaSO4

(A) white ppt. (B)

  FeSO4 + 7H2O
(ii) FeSO4.7H2O 
  Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
2FeSO4 
(E) (C) (D)
brown residue
38. FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O  Fe2+ + SO42 + 2NH42+ + SO2 + 6H2O
Mohr salt

3NaOH + NH3 + 2K2HgI4  + 4KI + 3NaI + 2H2O

3Fe2+ + 2K3Fe(CN)6  Fe3 [Fe(CN)6]2 + 6K+

Blue
SO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + 2Cl 
2

White ppt.


39. (NH4)2 Cr2O7  N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
(A) (C) green (B)

N2 + 3Mg  Mg3N2
(D)
Mg3N2 + 6H2O  3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
(D) (E)
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
(E) (White fumes)

40. (i) (B) forms double salt with Al2(SO4)3 and thus, may be K2SO4.
(ii) (A) + S  (B) K2SO4
 1.743 g K2SO4 is obtained by 1.422g.A
1 .422 x174
 174 g K2SO4 is obtained by 142 g . A.
1 .743
 174 g. K2SO4 requires 32g.S.
32 x1.743
 1.743 g K2SO4 requires 0.321 g .S .
174
Thus, given data confirms that (B) is K2SO4.
Now 2(A) + S 
 K2SO4
(A potassium salt)
M.wt. of (A) x 2 = 142
 M.wt. of (A) = 71
Since (A) is pot. salt : .M.wt. of left component = 71 - 39 = 32.
Thus salt is KO2.
2KO2 + S  K2SO4 
Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3
 K2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 . 24 H2O
(A) (B) Aq. (C)

41. (i) O3 + CH3 CHCHCH3  CH  CH  O  CH  CH

3 3
| |
O O
Monoozonide
Zn H2O
2CH3CHO
(ii) 5O3 + 2KOH  2KO3 + H2O(g) + 5 O2
(A) Potassium (C)
Ozonide
(B)
53. A = [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+, M.M. = 35
Pentaaquathiocyanato-S-iron (III) ion
B = [FeF6]3– , M.M. = 35
hexaflouroferrate (III) ion

54. A = conc. H2SO4 B = Br2 C = NO 2 D=

55. A –[Ti(H2O)6]3+
B –HCl
MCl4–TiCl4
Purple colour of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is due to d–d transition.