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PL Function

The document discusses PL/SQL functions. It provides the syntax for creating a function, describes the components of a function like the return type and parameters. It then provides examples of simple functions, table functions, and recursive functions. It also shows how to call functions and remove existing functions.

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83 views

PL Function

The document discusses PL/SQL functions. It provides the syntax for creating a function, describes the components of a function like the return type and parameters. It then provides examples of simple functions, table functions, and recursive functions. It also shows how to call functions and remove existing functions.

Uploaded by

giriraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PL/SQL Function

The PL/SQL Function is very similar to PL/SQL Procedure. The main difference between procedure and
a function is, a function must always return a value, and on the other hand a procedure may or may
not return a value. Except this, all the other things of PL/SQL procedure are true for PL/SQL function
too.

Syntax to create a function:

1. CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION function_name [parameters]  
2. [(parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] type [, ...])]  
3. RETURN return_datatype  
4. {IS | AS}  
5. BEGIN  
6.    < function_body >  
7. END [function_name];  

Here:

o Function_name: specifies the name of the function.


o [OR REPLACE] option allows modifying an existing function.
o The optional parameter list contains name, mode and types of the parameters.
o IN represents that value will be passed from outside and OUT represents that this parameter
will be used to return a value outside of the procedure.

The function must contain a return statement.

o RETURN clause specifies that data type you are going to return from the function.
o Function_body contains the executable part.
o The AS keyword is used instead of the IS keyword for creating a standalone function.

PL/SQL Function Example


Let's see a simple example to create a function.

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1. create or replace function adder(n1 in number, n2 in number)    
2. return number    
3. is     
4. n3 number(8);    
5. begin    
6. n3 :=n1+n2;    
7. return n3;    
8. end;    
9. /    

Now write another program to call the function.

1. DECLARE    
2.    n3 number(2);    
3. BEGIN    
4.    n3 := adder(11,22);    
5.    dbms_output.put_line('Addition is: ' || n3);    
6. END;    
7. /    

Output:

Addition is: 33
Statement processed.
0.05 seconds

Another PL/SQL Function Example


Let's take an example to demonstrate Declaring, Defining and Invoking a simple PL/SQL function
which will compute and return the maximum of two values.

1. DECLARE  
2.    a number;  
3.    b number;  
4.    c number;  
5. FUNCTION findMax(x IN number, y IN number)   
6. RETURN number  
7. IS  
8.     z number;  
9. BEGIN  
10.    IF x > y THEN  
11.       z:= x;  
12.    ELSE  
13.       Z:= y;  
14.    END IF;  
15.   
16.    RETURN z;  
17. END;   
18. BEGIN  
19.    a:= 23;  
20.    b:= 45;  
21.   
22.    c := findMax(a, b);  
23.    dbms_output.put_line(' Maximum of (23,45): ' || c);  
24. END;  
25. /  

Output:

Maximum of (23,45): 45
Statement processed.
0.02 seconds

PL/SQL function example using table


Let's take a customer table. This example illustrates creating and calling a standalone function. This
function will return the total number of CUSTOMERS in the customers table.

Create customers table and have records in it.

Customers

Id Name Department Salary

1 alex web developer 35000

2 ricky program developer 45000

3 mohan web designer 35000

4 dilshad database manager 44000

Create Function:

1. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION totalCustomers  
2. RETURN number IS  
3.    total number(2) := 0;  
4. BEGIN  
5.    SELECT count(*) into total  
6.    FROM customers;  
7.     RETURN total;  
8. END;  
9. /  

After the execution of above code, you will get the following result.

Function created.

Calling PL/SQL Function:

While creating a function, you have to give a definition of what the function has to do. To use a
function, you will have to call that function to perform the defined task. Once the function is called,
the program control is transferred to the called function.

After the successful completion of the defined task, the call function returns program control back to
the main program.

To call a function you have to pass the required parameters along with function name and if function
returns a value then you can store returned value. Following program calls the function
totalCustomers from an anonymous block:

1. DECLARE  
2.    c number(2);  
3. BEGIN  
4.    c := totalCustomers();  
5.    dbms_output.put_line('Total no. of Customers: ' || c);  
6. END;  
7. /  

After the execution of above code in SQL prompt, you will get the following result.

Total no. of Customers: 4


PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL Recursive Function


You already know that a program or a subprogram can call another subprogram. When a subprogram
calls itself, it is called recursive call and the process is known as recursion.

Example to calculate the factorial of a number


Let's take an example to calculate the factorial of a number. This example calculates the factorial of a
given number by calling itself recursively.

1. DECLARE  
2.    num number;  
3.    factorial number;  
4.   
5. FUNCTION fact(x number)  
6. RETURN number   
7. IS  
8.    f number;  
9. BEGIN  
10.    IF x=0 THEN  
11.       f := 1;  
12.    ELSE  
13.       f := x * fact(x-1);  
14.    END IF;  
15. RETURN f;  
16. END;  
17.   
18. BEGIN  
19.    num:= 6;  
20.    factorial := fact(num);  
21.    dbms_output.put_line(' Factorial '|| num || ' is ' || factorial);  
22. END;  
23. /  

After the execution of above code at SQL prompt, it produces the following result.

Factorial 6 is 720
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

PL/SQL Drop Function


Syntax for removing your created function:

If you want to remove your created function from the database, you should use the following syntax.

1. DROP FUNCTION function_name;  

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