CONSOLIDATED CURRICULUM

SCIENCE
GRADE 4

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
3 Battery Road Kingston, Georgetown Guyana, South America | Tel: (592) 225 - 6723
 SCIENCE CONSOLIDATED CURRICULUM GRADE FOUR

WK TOPIC/ SUB- GENERAL CONTENT ACTIVITIES RESOURCES EVALUATION

TOPIC OBJECTIVES STRATEGY

1. HUMAN BODY For pupils to Food is anything that we eat or drink. There Defining the term ‘food’. Let’s Learn Mini Exhibition
Balanced diet identify and are solid and liquid foods. Science Standard
name the food Foods contain the nutrients: carbohydrates, Identifying foods that are solids 1 Paper and Pencil
nutrients and proteins, vitamins, fats, water and minerals. and liquids. Test
their functions. Food Nutrient Functions Examples Food Chart
Carbohydrates Give us Sugar, Naming the food nutrients. Compile a
energy to do flour, Samples of foods Portfolio
work plantain, Listing foods that are rich in the
cassava, various food nutrients Research
corn meal Identifying functions of each
Proteins Build and Fish, meat, food nutrient Quiz
repair our chicken
body.
Vitamins Protect our Calalu,
bodies from fruits,
diseases. pumpkin,
tomato
Fats Provide Margarine,
heat for our peanut
body. butter, oil
Minerals Help our Milk, liver,
body to fruits and
grow and vegetable
strengthen
our bones
and teeth

Our body needs the right foods to keep it

For pupils to healthy. Let’s Learn Mini Exhibition
discuss the value We need to eat a balanced diet to maintain Discussing the importance of a Science Standard Paper and Pencil
of a balanced diet good health. balance diet 1 Test
and identify A balanced diet is made up of foods from all Identifying the components of a
Food Chart Compile a
foods that make the food groups. balanced diet
up a balanced Sentence strips Portfolio
diet. Pamphlets Research
Quiz

This system is responsible for the breaking

1
2 HUMAN BODY For pupils to down of the foods we eat into nutrients. These Large diagram of Mini Exhibition
Digestive System discuss the nutrients are needed by our body so that we Identifying the digestive the digestive
Paper and Pencil
functions of the can live. The digestive system is made up of system. system
digestive system. many parts Naming the parts of the Test
They are mouth, gullet, stomach, small and digestive system. Chart
Compile a
For pupils to large intestines, rectum and the anus. Listing the function of each
identify the main part. Name cards Portfolio
parts of the Explaining the process of
Research
digestive system digestion. Let’s Learn
and their Science Standard Quiz
functions, 1

Science Around
Us Bk. 3

For pupils to Science Around Paper and Pencil

Most animals have teeth. These teeth are found
identify the types Identifying the location of teeth Us Book 3 Test
in the jaws of animals. There are different
of teeth and their in animals.
types of teeth, and each type does a different
functions. Pictures Quiz
job.
For pupils to Worksheet
demonstrate and Describing the structure of the Samples of teeth Make model of
discuss how to types of teeth. types of teeth
care for the teeth Word cards
Drawing the types of teeth.

Explaining how the types of

teeth work.

Respiration is a process in which we take in

2
3 HUMAN BODY For pupils to oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. The Science around us Demonstration
know the respiratory system is made up of the nose, Defining terms. Bk. 4
Respiratory respiratory trachea, and lungs.
System system. Breathing is the method by which oxygen is Explaining the process of Charts
brought into the lungs. When you inhale, respiration. Group work
For pupils to oxygen passes through your nose, down the Models of the
understand the trachea and enters into your lungs. When you Dramatizing the process of digestive system
process of exhale, carbon dioxide comes from your lungs respiration. Paper and Pencil
breathing. up the trachea and passes out through your Test
nose. The oxygen that enters your lungs goes Doing breathing exercises.
up to the blood. The blood gives off carbon
dioxide which when exhale goes into the air. Labelling the diagram of the Quiz
respiratory system. Word search
Crossword
Naming gases that are involved
in the breathing process.

Naming parts of the respiratory

system. (Nose, trachea/
windpipe, lungs, diaphragm)

Conducting inquiry research to

design a model of the system
Designing a model of the
respiratory system

Reviewing the respiratory

system using a word search

3
4 HUMAN BODY For pupils to Blood is taken to all parts of our body. This Defining the following terms : Science Around Group work
become aware of process is called circulation. Our body is made Blood, heart, circulation. us Bk. 4
Circulatory the circulatory up of a circulatory system. The parts of this
System system and how system are heart, blood, veins, arteries, and Explaining the process of Paper and Pencil
Chart
it works. capillaries. The main organ of the circulatory circulation. Test
system is the heart. This structure pumps the
blood which is taken to the lungs for oxygen. Naming the parts of the Sentence strips
The oxygen rich blood is taken to all parts of circulatory system. Quiz
our body. The oxygen poor blood is taken back Compile a
to the lungs for oxygen. The blood travels Identifying the function of the Portfolio
through the blood vessels. parts of the circulatory system.
The circulatory system carries out these
functions. Dramatizing the process of
- Keeps our body temperature regular. circulation.
- Transports food to the cells of the body.
-Transports oxygen to the cells of the body. Making a model of the heart.
-Carries waste materials from the body cells.
Listing the functions of the
circulatory system.

Sample Quiz

4
5 HUMAN BODY For pupils to The skeletal system is made of bones and Defining terms. Pictures Group work
understand the joints. Humans have internal skeleton which is
Skeletal System skeleton and made up of 206 bones. Bones are living Drawing diagrams of the Charts
how it operates. substances made up of minerals and fibres. skeleton. Paper and Pencil
The skeleton is divided into sections namely Word card Test
head, ribs, backbone, limbs and hip bone. The Tracing the skeleton and
For pupils to functions of the skeleton are: identifying the parts. Model of the
understand the -Protects the brain, heart and lungs. Identifying the main sections of skeleton Quiz
difference -Keep the body upright. the skeleton.
between the ball -Help our body to move and bend. Listing the functions of the Compile a
and socket and -Give our body shape. skeleton. Portfolio
hinge joints. Some bones move against one another. The
point where they move is called a joint. Some Explaining how bones can form
joints in our body are ball and socket joint, e.g. joints.
- shoulder and hip joints.
Hinge joint, e.g. - knee, elbows. Naming types of joints.
Gliding joint, e.g. – hand, wrist.
Identifying the types of joints
on our body.

5
6 ANIMAL For pupils to Animals need food to live. Different animals Listing the sources of foods for Science Around
KINGDOM group animals eat different types of foods. Some animals use animals. Us Bk. 3
based on their plants for foods. Some use other animals, while Paper and Pencil
Grouping some use both plants and animals for food. The Differentiating foods according Let’s Learn Test
Animals diet
foods the animals eat will tell what type of to their source. Science Standard
feeder they are. Herbivores eat plants (herbs 1 Compile a
and grasses) e.g., cow, rabbit, sheep. Identifying the type of feeders Portfolio
Carnivores eat the flesh of other animals, e.g., animals belong to. Pictures
dog, lion, frog, anteater. Research
Omnivores eat both animals and plants, e.g., Listing animals from each type
cat, man, hen, crab, pig. of feeder. Quiz

Explaining the difference

between omnivores and
carnivores.
For pupils to All animals belong to a group. One group has Differentiating between
understand that animals that have a skeleton. The skeleton vertebrates and invertebrates.
animals are gives the animal shape and protects the soft
divided into two parts in their body. Listing animals that belong to
main groups. Animals that have backbone are called the two groups.
vertebrates.
Mammals, birds, toad, frog, snake, lizard and
fish all have backbone.
Animals that do not have backbone are called
invertebrates are crab, butterfly, beetle, snail,
ant, spider, jellyfish, mosquito, grasshopper
and cockroach.

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7 ANIMAL For pupils to Animals with backbone are called vertebrates. Observing learning video on
KINGDOM know the class of Vertebrates can be placed into five main vertebrates. Science Around Group work
Grouping vertebrates. groups. They are mammals, birds, reptiles, Us Bk. 4
Vertebrates amphibians and fishes. Classifying animals according to
For pupils to their groups. Paper and Pencil
identify features Mammals are the highest class of vertebrates. Let’s Learn Test
of the classes of Explaining where backbones Science Standard
vertebrates Fishes are the lowest class of vertebrates. 2
can be found.
Quiz
Mammals and Birds are warm blooded. This
Pictures
means that mammals and birds can control Discussing the importance of a
Compile a
their body temperature. backbone to each class of Charts (with Portfolio
vertebrates. features of all
Reptiles, Fish and Amphibians are cold
blooded. This means that their body classes of
Identifying the skeleton of the vertebrates)
temperature is controlled by their
classes of vertebrates.
environment.
Some live animals
Identifying features of each
class of vertebrates. Jars , boxes

Comparing features of each

class of vertebrates.

Researching information about

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8 ANIMAL For pupils to Some features of Mammals Grouping animals into the Science Around Group work
KINGDOM group  Most of them are covered hair, while classes of vertebrates Us Bk. 4
Vertebrates vertebrates using others are covered with wool or fur. Worksheet
features  Mammals give birth to their young. Observing features of animals. Pictures
 Female mammals produce milk to feed
their young.
Some features of Birds
 Birds are covered with feathers.
 They have a beak and two feet.
 Their young are hatched from eggs.

Some features of Reptiles

 Most reptiles have four legs.
 They breathe by lungs.
 They are covered with dry scaly skin.

Some features of Amphibians

 Their bodies are covered with soft moist
skin.
 Their young breathe by gills while the
adults breathe through lungs or skin.
 Their young are hatched from eggs.

Some features of Fish

 Most fish have gills, fins and scales.
 They breathe by gills.
 Most fish lay eggs so their young are
hatched.

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9 ANIMAL For pupils to Our environment is made up of many animals. Classifying animals as useful Science Around Group work
KINGDOM know harmful Some of these animals are useful to us. They and harmful. Us Bk. 4
and helpful are called domestic animals. These animals can Paper and Pencil
Harmful and animals. provide food, e.g. cow, sheep, fish and bee. Listing some useful and harmful Test
useful animals Some animals can protect us, e.g. dog, cat. animals. Let’s Learn
For pupils to Some animals can be used for transportation, Science Standard Quiz
appreciate those e.g. – horse, donkey, ox. Explaining what harmful and 2
animals that are Some animals are harmful to us. They can kill usefulness mean. Scrap book
useful to us. us, destroy our properties or spread diseases. Pictures
Some animals that spread diseases are rat, Discussing the usefulness of
For pupils to housefly, and mosquito. Some animals that can some animals.
understand how kill us are poisonous snakes, scorpions,
some animals Africanized bees, black centipede. Differentiating between the
can harm us. Some animals that can destroy our properties works that both animals do.
are mice, rats, acushi ants and wood ants.
Making a list of harmful
animals.

Discussing how we can prevent

ourselves from being harmed
by these animals.

Making posters to tell of the

dangers these animals pose to
humans.

PLANT
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10 KINGDOM For pupils to Plants are divided into many parts. They are Identifying a plant and naming Let’s Learn Paper and Pencil
understand the roots, stem, flower, leave and fruit. the parts. Science Standard Test
Parts of the plant functions of plant 1
parts. Functions of the parts of the plant. Explaining the functions of each Science Around Compile a
Roots – The roots hold the plant firmly in the part of the plant. Us Bk. 3 Portfolio
soil. It also takes in water and mineral salts
from the soil. Chart Research
Stem – The stem bears the branches of the
plant and holds the leaves. The stem also Live plants Quiz
carries the water and mineral salts to the
leaves. Mini Exhibition
Leave – The leaves breathe for the plant. They
also make food for the plant. Game
Flower – The flower is needed to attract
insects and to bear fruits.
Not all flowers bear fruits.

For pupils to
know the needs
Plants are living things. They need things to
of plants. Identifying the needs of plants.
keep them alive. Plants need air, warmth and
water. If they do not get enough of these, they
will die. Plants need sunlight so that they can Investigating what plants need
make food. They need oxygen to help them to to grow and survive. (air, water
get energy and carbon-dioxide to make food. and sunlight)

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 PLANT For pupils to Leaves are important to the plant in that they: Defining terms. Science Around Group work
11 KINGDOM know the leaf -Breathe for the plant. Us Bk. 4
and its functions. -Make food for the plant. Examining a leaf.
Parts of a leaf -Some are used as shelters. Pictures Paper and Pencil
For pupils to Identifying the functions of a Test
understand why Leaves differ in size, shape and colour. leaf. Samples of leaves
leaves are Leaves have veins set up in them. Some leaves
important. have straight veins while others have net Collecting different types of Word card Quiz
veins. leaves.
For pupils to Net veined Straight vein Crayons Compile a
know the parts Sorting leaves according to Portfolio
of a leaf. Parts of a Leaf colour.

Tearing leaves to see which

have net or parallel veins.

Making a collection of different

coloured leaves.

11
12 PLANT For pupils to Photosynthesis is the process of making plant Defining terms. Science Around Demonstration
KINGDOM understand how food. The leaf is responsible for the making of Us Bk. 4
photosynthesis plant food. Identifying the leaf. Group work
Photosynthesis works. The plant needs water and mineral salts from Let’s Learn
the soil, carbon dioxide from the air and Tracing the process of Science Standard
For pupils to sunlight to make food. photosynthesis 2 Paper and Pencil
know why Oxygen is given off as waste during this Test
photosynthesis is process. The oxygen goes into the atmosphere. Discussing the process of Leaf
important. Chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves is photosynthesis.
necessary for the process of photosynthesis. Pictures Quiz
Listing end products of
photosynthesis. Compile a
Portfolio

12
13 PLANT For pupils to be Germination is the process in which the Defining terms. Science Around Demonstration
KINGDOM aware of the embryo within a seed grows into a plant. Us Bk. 4
Identifying types of seeds.
process of Before a seed germinates, it needs water, Group work
Germination germination. oxygen and sunlight. These three things are Let’s Learn
called conditions. Science Standard
Setting up experiments to prove
For pupils to Monocotyledonous seeds when germinated 2 Paper and Pencil
know the types would have their cotyledons left in the soil. the conditions are necessary. Test
of germination. Dicotyledonous seeds when germinated would Seeds, jars, water,
Setting seeds to germinate.
have their cotyledons above the ground. The box, oil, so,
first type of germination is called hypogeal and Writing reports on containers Quiz
the second type of germination is called
experiments.
epigeal. Compile a
Observing stages of the growth Portfolio
of the young shoot.
Drawing stages of germination.

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14 PLANT For pupils to Our environment is made up of a lot of plants. Defining terms. Science Around Research
KINGDOM understand how Some plants are useful to us. They can be used Us Bk. 4
plants can affect for food, e.g.- rice, calalu, orange, for man and Differentiating between Group work
Harmful and humans. as food for some animals. Some plants can be harmful and useful plants. Samples of foods
useful plants used as medicine, e.g. – daisy, congo pump, from plants:
For pupils to sweet sage, while some plants can be used for Explaining how some plants can Calalu, bora, rice, Paper and Pencil
know plants that decoration, e.g. croton and fern. protect themselves. sugar. Test
are useful to us. Some plants are harmful to us. A plant that
feeds on other plants is the bird vine. It can kill Identifying plants that are used Samples of plants
For pupils to the host plant. Some plants like the razor grass as medicine. used as medicine: Quiz
understand how Daisy, Congo
have sharp edges which can cut. The stinging
some plants are Discussing how plants that are pump, sweet
nettle stings while the wild eddo will give off a parasites can harm other sage.
special. juice that will itch your hand. There is a special plants.
plant that is orange in colour which feeds on Samples of
other plants. This plant is called the dodder. It Naming plants that are decorative plants:
is a parasite, so it can kill the plant it feeds on. parasites. Croton, fern

Compiling a book of croton Samples of plants

leaves. that are parasites:
Bird vine, dodder

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15 For pupils to Plants are living things. They live in different Defining the term ‘habitat’. Science Around Demonstration
appreciate the habitats or places. Many plants live on land, Field trip in the environment to Us Bk. 3
ENVIRONMENT habitats of e.g., tree, grass, shrub. Some plants live in observe plants and animals.
plants. water, e.g., grass, water lily, duck weed, sleep Identifying habitats of plants Let’s Learn
Habitat of plants and wake. and animals. Science Standard Group work
and animals For pupils to Some plants live on other plants, e.g., bird vine. Listing names of plants and 1
know the animals that live in water.
habitats of Many animals live on land. For example, some Listing the names of plants that Samples of plants Paper and Pencil
animals live in dens and caves, e.g. lion, bear. live on other plants. and animals Test
animals
Some animals live in water, e.g., fish, shrimp, Collecting samples of plants.
crab. Identifying plant and animals Pictures
Some animals live on both land and water, e.g., that live on land. Quiz
frog and crapaud. Naming animals and identifying Pamphlets
Some animals live in trees like, bird, iguana. their habitat. Compile a
Aquarium Portfolio
Herbarium
Defining the terms –
Plants and animals depend on each other. All interrelated, depend, increase,
herbivores and omnivores depend on plants species, faeces.
For pupils to
for food. Some animals like birds, depend on
understand how
plants for shelter. Explaining how animals depend
plants and
Some plants depend on animals to scatter their on plants.
animals interact.
seeds so as to increase their species. These
animals eat the fruits of plants and pass the Differentiating between
seeds out in their faeces. Plants also need cultivating plants and those
manure from animals to help them to grow that grow wild.
healthy. Some plants are cared by people
because they cultivate them.

15
16 ENVIRONMENT For pupils to Animals depend on plants for food. Some of Defining the term ‘food chain’. Science Around Demonstration
Food Chain understand how these animals are eaten by other animals. This Us Bk. 3
the food chain habit of eating forms a food chain. Making food chain.
works. Food chains are formed Pictures
When animals which eat plants are eaten by Identifying the composition of Group work
other animals. different food chain. Chart
For pupils to
know the origin Food chain Sharing experiences. Word cards Paper and Pencil
of a food chain. Test
Grass → grasshopper → frog → snake Explaining how a food chain Specimen :
works. leaf
Leaf → caterpillar → bird → rat Bird, cat, Quiz
Identifying the origin of food caterpillar
Grass → cow → man → tiger chains. Compile a
Portfolio

16
17 ENVIRONMENT For pupils to be Living things depend on each other for food. Define terms Science Around Group work
able to construct When one living thing is eaten by another a Us Bk. 4
Food Webs simple food food chain is formed. All food chains begin Draw simple food chains and
webs. with plants which produce their own food and food webs Quiz
are called producers. Living things which eat Large bottle/glass
For pupils to other living things are called consumers. Recreate a pond/trench tank, water, plant
explain the aquarium in a large bottle or and animals from
feeding Consumers rarely depend on one type of food glass tank by putting trench a pond or trench
relationships and and often a particular food is eaten by more water in it. Then students can
name the than one consumer, consequently food chains add plants and animals found in
producers and are connected at many points forming a food the ponds and trenches.
consumers. web.
Learn and interpret the poem,
An example of a food web is as follows: “The old woman who
swallowed the fly”

I knew an old woman who

swallowed a fly.
I don’t know why she
swallowed a fly, perhaps she’ll
die.
I know an old woman who
swallowed a spider.
She swallowed the spider to
catch the fly.
But I don’t know why she
swallowed the fly,
perhaps….etc.
I know an old woman who
swallowed a bird.
She swallowed the bird to catch
the spider, she swallowed the
spider to catch the fly….etc.

17
18 ENVIRONMENT For pupils to Soil is a mixture of mineral and organic matter. Defining terms. Science Around Group work
know the type of It is made up mainly of small pieces of rocks, Us Bk. 4
Soil type and soil. mineral and humus. On earth, soil forms in Identifying the different types Paper and Pencil
properties. three layers, namely topsoil, small pieces of of soil. Let’s Learn Test
For pupils to rocks and clay, and large pieces of rocks. Examining the types of soils. Science Standard
understand the Soil also has air, water and animals. There are 2
composition of three types of soil, they are: Experimenting with the types of Quiz
each soil type. Sandy soil- This is found near the sea or in the soil. Pictures
dessert. The texture of sandy soil is coarse. The Compile a
For pupils to be soil particles are usually yellowish-white. Identifying the layers of soil. Samples of soil, Portfolio
aware of the Silty soil- This is found in the garden. The rocks, sand,
texture of each particles are very small. This type of soil is Differentiating between two worm ant Home
soil type.
usually either brown or dark brown. types of soil. assignment
Clayey soil is fine and the soil particles are Filter paper
closely packed together. They are either grey Listing the components of each Make a scrap
or dark grey. Clayey soil is found in swamps. soil type. Water book
This type of soil retains water very well.
Identifying the texture of the Answering
soil. questions

Drawing layers of the soil.

18
19 WEATHER For pupils to Weather is how a day looks. Some days are Discussing topic. Let’s Learn Group work
Weather understand how sunny with clear blue sky. Some days are Science Standard
Equipment the weather is sunny with cloudy sky. Some days are cloudy Identifying weather symbols 1
with dark clouds. Some days are cloudy and and patterns. Paper and Pencil
reported.
windy. Some days are cloudy and rainy. Pictures Test
The weather will help us to plan daily Explaining the weather
For pupils to activities. Our newspapers and news on forecast. Weather charts
identify weather television provide information on the weather. Quiz
instruments This is called weather forecast. Some Making weather forecast for a Television
(rain gauge and instruments used to forecast the weather are one week period. Compile a
wind vane) and rain gauge, wind vane and the anemometer. Radio Portfolio
Keeping records of the daily weather can help Predicting weather pattern.
their functions.
us see a pattern. Weather patterns can help us Improvised rain
to predict what the weather would be. Reporting information on gauge and wind
On rainy day and cloudy days, there can be weather. vane
lightning and thunder.
Drawing weather symbols.

Listening to weather forecast

on television and news.

19
20 WEATHER For pupils to Erosion is the washing and carrying away of Defining terms. Science Around Group work
Soil erosion and know what is parts of the earth surface by agents called Us Bk. 4
prevention. erosion. wind and water. Identifying the importance Paper and Pencil
Most erosion is done by water. When it rains of plants and animals. Let’s Learn Test
For pupils to heavily, the water washes away the earth’s Science Standard
understand the surface as it goes to the trenches or drains. Explaining how erosion takes 2
effects of When the tide is falling, it also washes away place. Quiz
erosion.
sand, rocks and shells from the sea shore. Pictures
During long dry season the soil becomes very Sharing experiences with each Compile a
dry. Plants die and the soil is easily blown other. Soil Portfolio
away by wind.
Erosion causes damage to the earth’s surface, Setting up experiments to show Sand Home
destroys farms, roads, building foundations, erosion. assignment
and dams. These damages cost a lot to repair. Straw
Erosion can be controlled by covering the Visiting places where erosion Make a scrap
earth’s surface and by planting trees to hold takes place. Water book
the soil together.
Discussing how erosion can be Answering
prevented. questions

20
21 WEATHER For pupils to Plants and animals need water to live. On the Defining terms. Science Around Group work
understand the earth we can have excess water that can be Us Bk. 4
Effects of water effects of high dangerous to our lives. Identifying periods when we Paper and Pencil
and wind on the winds and water During periods of heavy rainfall, large amounts experience heavy rainfalls. Let’s Learn Test
earth. on the earth. of water can be found on the land. This is Science Standard
called flooding. Flooding can: Discussing the effects of heavy 2 Quiz
For pupils to Soak the land. rainfall.
appreciate good Destroy crops. Pictures Compile a
weather. Uproot plants and wash them away. Explaining the scene of Portfolio
Cause some animals to remove from their flooding. Water
homes, e.g. ant Home
If sea water comes on the land, it will: Discussing pictures of flooding Tub assignment
Kill plants and animals. and high winds.
Make the soil salty. Plants Make a scrap
Heavy wind can also affect the earth. This can Listing the activities that result book
blow away the surface of the earth. High winds after flooding. Paper boat
can uproot trees and throw down houses. Answering
Wind can also carry paper, plastics and other
Collecting sweet and salt water. Model house questions
material.

Setting up experiments to show Model animals

the effects of excess water on
the land.

21
22 WEATHER For pupils to Temperature is how hot or cold a substance is. Defining terms. Science Around Group work
know and The atmosphere around us has a temperature. Us Bk. 4
Temperature appreciate the People also have temperature. The normal Discussing what temperature Paper and Pencil
weather. temperature of a person is 37°celsius. The means. Let’s Learn Test
temperature for air is usually less than 37°C. Science Standard
For pupils to Temperature is measured by a thermometer. Measuring the temperature of 2 Quiz
understand that Mercury and alcohol are often used in some materials.
temperature can thermometer because they remain in liquid Pictures Compile a
be measured. form under severe heat. Temperature is Explaining the reason for some Portfolio
measured in degrees Celsius. The temperature measurement. Thermometer
For pupils to be of boiling water is 100°C, while the freezing Home
aware of the point of water is 0°C. Room temperature is Identifying the thermometer. Ice assignment
temperature of
20°C. Carbon dioxide can cause the
some materials.
atmosphere to hold heat. A warmer Differentiating between the two Water (boiling) Make a scrap
atmosphere would cause the temperatures of types of liquids used in the book
the land and ocean to increase. This action is thermometer. Water (cold)
known as global warming. Answering
Researching how the word Paper questions
Celsius came into being.
Pencil
Comparing some
measurements with other
materials with the same
measurements.

Making a folio
Drawing a diagram of a
thermometer.

22
23 Weather For pupils to Temperature in our environment can be very Defining terms. Science Around Group work
know what hot or extremely cold. These types of Us Bk. 4
Effects of temperature is. temperature can affect the plants in our Identifying the types of Paper and Pencil
environment.
temperature on temperature in our Let’s Learn Test
When there is extreme heat, plants in the
plants. For pupils to environment will droop and their leaves will environment. Science Standard
understand the get brown. The plant also slows down in 2 Quiz
effects of growth rate. Severe heat van cause plants to Discussing how temperature
temperature on die. can affect plants. Pictures Compile a
plant growth. In cold weather, plants grow healthy. The Portfolio
leaves are very green. Experimenting with plants Plants
If a plant is put in a dark place it will grow
using heat. Home
towards light. Plants need light and water to
live and grow healthy. Leaves assignment
Visiting places in the
environment to observe plant Heat Make a scrap
conditions. book

Examining brown leaves and Answering

healthy leaves. questions

Drawing a healthy plant and

one that has drooped.

23
24 MATERIALS For pupils to Everything around us is either a solid, liquid or Defining the term ‘matter’. Science Around Demonstration
know matter and gas. Us Bk. 3
Matter its states Solid, liquid and gas are called the states of Explaining the characteristics of
matter. solids, liquids and gases. Let’s Learn
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up Science Standard Group work
space. Naming examples of solids, 1
For pupils to liquids and gases.
understand the Solids have definite shapes and can be picked Water Paper and Pencil
properties of up. For example, pencil, book, leaf, wood, Experimenting with solids, Bottle Test
solids, liquids butter, flour. liquids and gases. Balloon
and gasses. Liquids take the shape of the container and can Sand
be poured. For example, water, milk, drink, Making scrapbook. Brick
cream. Wood
Gases cannot be seen but we can feel them and Identifying the textures of some Samples of solids;
see how they move things. solids. Cotton wool
Vaseline
For pupils to Solid are different in many ways. Some are Classifying solids according to Mirror
identify types of hard, e.g., wood, stone, rock. their textures. Brick
solids and liquids Some solids are soft, e.g., butter, cotton wool, Wood
based on their feather, Vaseline. Naming different types of Samples of
physical features Some solids are smooth, e.g., paper, mirror, solids. liquids:
glass, while others are rough.
Solids are very useful to us, For example, glass, Defining the term ‘liquid’. Vinegar
feather, scotch tape, sugar, paper Glue
Liquids are different in many ways. Some Identifying liquids. Water
liquids are greasy, e.g., oil, body cream, olive Cream
oil. Some are thick, e.g., ketchup, mustard, Examining different liquids for ketchup
molasses, tomato paste, cassereep, tooth paste. special features.
Some liquids are sticky, e.g., paint, glue, paste,
sap. Naming liquids that have
Some liquids are watery, e.g., vinegar, essence, common features.
drink, water, perfume etc.
Classifying liquids.

24
25 MATERIALS For pupils to Some liquids and solids can change their state Defining terms. Science Around Research
understand how when heated. Some changes can be reversible, Us Bk. 4
Reversible and some materials while others are irreversible. Reversible Identifying substances that can
means getting back the same material when
Non reversible can change. be burnt. Let’s Learn
cooled, e.g. butter. Irreversible means getting a
changes on different material when cooled. Science Standard
materials. For pupils to Some materials can change from one Explaining the process of 2
know how some substance to another substance by burning or burning.
materials can Samples of
using a chemical. These changes are non-
change.
reversible so there is a chemical change. Examining the end product of materials, e.g.
Some materials that are changed from their burnt materials. Mosquito coil,
original state by burning are wood, paper, paper, onion skin,
mosquito coil, cloth. The end product cannot Experimenting with bleach and bleach, cloth, egg
return to its original form. cloth.
Some materials that can be changed by oxygen Discussing the end results of
are iron, tin and steel. using bleach.

These materials are often covered with rust.

Some materials that can be changed by heat
are egg, dough, cake.
Some materials like cloth can change their
colour when bleach is thrown on them.

25
26 MATERIALS For pupils to Air is a mixture of gases. It is made up of Defining the term air. Science Around Research
appreciate air. oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water Us Bk. 4
Properties of Air vapour and other gases. Plants and animals Identifying and listing the
For pupils to need air to live. composition of air. Let’s Learn
know the Air is colourless and cannot be seen, but we Science Standard
properties of air. can feel it. Hot air keeps rising while cool air Discussing the importance of 2
sinks. Moving air carries heat around the air.
For pupils to earth. Capturing air in containers. Pictures
understand how Air can be useful and harmful. Air under
air works. pressure is useful. For example in tyres, Experimenting with air.
medicine stoppers etc. Collecting materials that use Medicine
Air with force like hurricane, tornado or storm air. stoppers, plastic
can cause destruction to places and properties. bags straw
Air can also cause some objects to move. Air Looking at pictures to see how
can cause erosion. air works. balloon
Discussing how air can be
harmful.

Explaining how air can cause

erosion.
Materials For pupils to Water is a clear colourless and tasteless liquid Explaining the composition of Samples of fresh Group work
appreciate water. which has no smell. It is the only substance water. and salt water
Properties of that can take on a solid, liquid or gaseous state. Carrying out experiments with Paper and Pencil
water. For pupils to Water when freezed will become a solid (ice). water. Cardboard Test
know the Water when heated will evaporate and Observing water in its different Jam jar
properties of becomes a gas (water vapour). state. Bunsen burner
water. Water is always Evaporating from the surface Discussing the water cycle. Ice, pot, picture Quiz
of rivers, creeks, lakes, pools etc. Differentiating between the
For pupils to Water can move upwards and downwards. The upward and downward Compile a
understand how molecules in water are densely packed at the movement of water. Portfolio
water works. surface of water. This behaviour of water is
called surface tension. Due to surface tension, Classifying water. Home
flees and other insects can walk on the surface Reporting on experiments. assignment
of water in ponds and trenches. All liquids Visiting a trench to see insects Answering
have surface tension. There are two types of on the surface of the water. questions
water namely fresh and salt. A fresh egg will
sink in fresh water but float in salt water.

26
27 EARTH and For pupils to be The solar system is made up of the sun, the Defining terms. Science Around Group work
SPACE aware of the planets and their moons. Us Bk. 4
composition of The planets are: Identifying the solar system. Paper and Pencil
The Solar the solar system. Mercury – the first planet and the smallest. It is Let’s Learn Test
system. closest to the sun. The side of mercury facing Naming the planets. Science Standard
For pupils to the sun is very hot and the side away from the 2 Quiz
know sun is very cold. Discussing the features of each
information Venus – the second planet and it is called the planet. Chart Compile a
about the
earth’s twin sister. It appears as a bright body Portfolio
planets.
in the sky. It is called the morning or evening Listing the positions of each Solar system
star. planet. model Home
The atmosphere on Venus is carbon dioxide. assignment
Earth – the third planet and the only known Identifying the planet where we Pictures
planet that has life. There is oxygen on earth live. Make a scrap
and the correct temperature to sustain life. book
Earth has one moon. Drawing a diagram of the solar
Mars – the fourth planet and is called the red system. Answering
planet. Mars is half the size of earth and has questions
two moons. Making a model of the solar
Jupiter – the fifth planet and the largest in the system.
solar system. Jupiter has between 12 – 14
moons. Researching information on the
Saturn – the sixth planet and is called the most planets.
beautiful planet. This planet is the second
largest and has a ring around it. This planet
has 10 moons.
Uranus – the seventh planet and is barely
visible in the sky. It has a blue-green colour
and is tilted. It has five moons.
Neptune – the eight planet and has a great
dark spot on it. It is one of the most distant
planets and it is very cold. Neptune appears to
look blue.

27
28 EARTH and For pupils to be The earth makes two movements at the same Defining terms: rotation, Science Around Group work
SPACE aware of the time. These movements are rotation and revolution, orbits, axis Us Bk. 4
movements of revolution. Paper and Pencil
Rotation and the earth. Identifying the two movements Globe Test
revolution. Rotation of the earth.
For pupils to The earth keeps spinning on its axis. Due to Torch light
understand the this movement, one part of the earth gets light Discussing how each movement Quiz
importance of (day) and the other part no light (night). This takes place. Wire
these
process is called rotation. It takes 24 hours for Compile a
movements.
the earth to rotate on its axis. Discussing the movement of the Styrofoam Portfolio
Moon around the Earth
Revolution Colouring Home
The earth while rotating also moves along its Drawing diagrams to show each assignment
orbit to complete a revolution. This action movement. Pictures
takes one year or 365¼ days. This movement Make a scrap
causes the four seasons to occur. Sometime of
Explaining the effects of each book
the year the sun sets early (first part) and
another time it sets late (ending part). movement.
Answering
Carrying experiments to show questions
rotation and revolution.
End of Term
Demonstrating the movement Test
of the Earth on its axis, around
the Sun and moon around the
Earth.

Examining a globe to find the

axis.

Naming the four seasons.

Explaining the positions of the

sun for the first and ending
parts of the year.

Making a collage showing the

four seasons.

28
29 ENERGY For pupils to Light is important to us. It makes us see Discussing the topic. Science Around Demonstration
understand how objects and colour. We need light, also plants Us Bk. 3
Light light works. and some animals need light. When objects are Identifying the organ Group work
placed in the path of light, a shadow if formed. responsible for seeing. Cherry
Quiz
Plants that do not get sunlight will not have
Experimenting with light and Banana
green leaves. Compile a
darkness to identify colours.
Purse Portfolio
If light is not present the place will be very
Reporting on experiment.
dark. Light travels in a straight line. Leaf Experiment
Setting up experiment to
The image you see in a mirror is called a Old curtain Group Work
identify shadow.
reflection.
Internet Written Work
Explaining how a shadow is
Reflection occurs when light bounces off
formed.
objects. Torch light
Observing the position of their Mirror
If the surface is rough the light scatters. If the
shadow. (In front. Behind and
surface is smooth, light bounces off at equal
close to them)
angles.
Observing demonstration
showing reflection of light.

29 ENERGY For pupils to What is Heat? Defining terms. Science Around

understand heat, Us Bk. 4 Practical work
Heat heat sources, Heat is a form of energy. Identifying the primary and (Experiment)
importance of secondary sources of heat.
heat and how Sources of Heat.
heat travels Explaining the ways how heat Materials to
We get heat primarily from the sun. Other travels. conduct Group Work
sources of heat are fire (flame), friction, and experiment:
electrical devices such as irons and light bulbs. Classifying the different sources Group
of heat. Candle presentation
Heat is used for the following: to help to cook
29
food, to burn rubbish, to give us heat to keep Listing the uses of heat. (Bunsen burner) Report
us warm.
Carrying out experiments to Nail
-to iron our clothes. show how heat travels.
Learning Video
-to dry wet clothes, to kill germs. Observing experiment.

-to preserve or dry some foods. Discussing results

Guidelines when using or exposed to various Writing results

heat sources.
Reporting the results of
Care must be taken when using heat so as to experiments.
prevent burns, fires and any other form of
damage

How heat travels.

Heat always travels away from its source and

heats up materials that are close to it.

Heat can move from one place to another in

three ways. These are conduction, convection
and radiation.

Radiation is the transfer of heat by waves

through air, glass and water.

Conduction is the movement of heat through

solids, e.g. metals.

Convection is the transfer of heat from a

heated area to a cooler area.

30
30 ENERGY For pupils to Electricity is a form of energy. Defining terms Science Around Practical work
Electrical explain how Us Bk. 4 (Experiment)
Circuits electricity flows Electricity flows in a path called a circuit. Given a variety of materials and
in a circuit. In a circuit the electricity is provided by a objects, be able to predict 1.5 V dry cell
Group Work
battery or generator. which will allow a light bulb to battery
For pupils to light. (pen torch),
identify some The electricity flows in the wires and is insulated wire Group
common used by light bulbs, radios, TVs, irons and Use materials to get a light bulb from unused presentation
electrical other appliances. to light radios, TVs, and
conductors and telephones, 1.5 V Report
insulators. Electricity only flows in a complete circuit, Accurately draw and label a light bulb (e.g.
thus any gap would prevent its flow. diagram of an electrical circuit From a torch
Manipulate equipment to light), insulation
Switches open and close gaps in a circuit. demonstrate the flow of tape
electricity in a simple circuit.
Substances that allow electricity to flow Variety of
through them are called conductors; Observe features of a simple materials/objects.
those that do not are called insulators, or non- circuit. For example
conductors. metal paper clip,
Distinguish between rubber band,
Examples of good conductors are copper, steel, conductors and insulators string, small nail,
iron, graphite and water. match stick,
Examples of insulators are rubber, plastic and Classify materials as conductors plastic glass, hair
wood. or insulators clip, hair, cloth,
paper, metals.
Observe the results of tests
carried out and interpret the
results.

31
31 For pupils to Loadstone is a magnetic material. Loadstone Defining the term ‘magnet’. Science Around Creative Work
become attracts objects that are made from iron or Us Bk. 3
FORCES steel.
Knowledgeable
How magnets on what is a A magnet is an object which will attract other Identifying the shapes of Oral
work? magnet. objects that are made of iron. Magnets have magnets. Let’s Learn Presentation
different shapes such as: bar, cylindrical, Science Standard
For pupils to horse shoe 1
understand how
Displaying magnets of various Written Work
magnets work.
sizes collected.
Magnets are materials that attract some Magnets
objects causing them to move. A magnet has Group Work
two of its sides known as the north and south Observing learning video on
poles. attraction and repelling. Pictures

The poles of magnets attract more objects than

the other parts. If we put two magnets
together with the same poles facing each other Observing learning video on Name cards
they will move away from each other. When how magnets operate.
two magnets are put together with different
poles, they will move towards each other.
Tacks
Defining the terms – magnet,
poles, attract.

Nails

Identifying the poles of a

magnet.
Paper clips.

32
32 For pupils to use Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in Measuring mass of objects. Balance, Group work
instruments to an object. Objects in and Worksheets
Forces measure the Estimating and comparing the around the Observation
amount of matter The instrument used to measure mass is the mass of objects. classroom: sheets
(mass) of balance. Pencil, books,
different things. eraser, rocks,
The units of measurement for mass is grams- g sharpener
For pupils to and kilogram- kg
compare the
masses of
different objects.

For pupils to Gravity is the force of attraction acting Observing the effects of gravity. Let’s Learn
observe and between all matter. Science standard
discuss the On Earth gravity is the force that pulls objects 2
effects of gravity. downward.

For pupils to The weight of an object is the force acting on Distinguishing between weight
relate gravity to the object due to gravity. and mass.
weight.

33
33 FORCES For pupils to A tool that is used to make work easier is Defining the term simple Science Around Demonstration
appreciate called a simple machine. A simple machine has machine and lever. Us Bk. 4
machines. few or no moving parts. Group work
Explaining how simple Pictures
Simple machine For pupils to Some simple machines are hammer, crowbar, machines work. Portfolio
understand how bottle opener, scissors, wheel barrow, fork, Tin container
lever Identifying levers used in the
levers can be and spoon. These simple machines are called
home. Spoon
used in everyday levers. The parts of a lever are effort, load and
life. fulcrum or pivot. Scissors
Naming the parts of a lever.
For pupils to Levers are useful machines. Levers are of three Fork
Discussing how levers work.
know the types types namely:
of levers. Experimenting with levers. Wheelbarrow
First class, Second class, Third class
Drawing diagrams to show the Bottle opener
Levers need force from our body to work.
different types of levers.
Crowbar
Differentiating between levers.
Learning Video
Observing learning video on
simple machines and levers.

For pupils to Another type of simple machine is the pulley. Defining terms. Science Around Demonstration
know pulleys. Us Bk. 4
Pulley The pulley is a simple machine that has a Identifying pulleys. Group work
For pupils to grooved wheel that holds a rope or a cable. Rope
appreciate how Explaining how pulleys work. Portfolio
pulleys are Pulleys are used to lift heavy loads to high Cable
places. Discussing how to make a
useful.
pulley. Pictures
Some simple pulleys are flag pole and pulley
line. Naming types of pulleys.

34
 Some pulleys are fixed and some are moveable. Differentiating between fixed
and movable pulleys.

Force For pupils to Wheel and Axle Observe pictures of the wheel Science Around Group Work
know the types A simple machine that may be used the most and axle. Us Book 4.
Simple Machines of simple often is called the wheel and axle. The wheel Game
machine and axle has two basic parts: wheel and axle. Drawing pictures of the wheel Let’s Learn
and axle. Science Standard Written
They can be found everywhere. It has two
For pupils to 2 Exercises
circular objects which includes a larger disc
understand and Identifying objects in the
and a small cylinder both joined at the center. Oral Work
appreciate that environment with wheel and Pictures of items
simple machines axles. with wheel and
make work axles.
easier. Locating places where wheels
and axles can be found. Materials to
design
Observing learning videos to transportation.
view how wheels and axles
Some examples of wheel and axle machines
operate.
are bicycle, wind lass, pencil sharpener, door
knob and steering wheel of a car. Identifying ways in which
Other Examples of Wheel and Axle: wheels and axles make work in
The large disc is the wheel, and the small the environment easier.
cylinder or rod is the axle. There may be two
wheels attached to the axle like in the image to Stating reasons how life would
the left, or it could be a single wheel and axle. have been if there were no
wheels on vehicles etc. in order
The wheel is one of the greatest inventions in to move.
history, but it does not work without the axle.

35
There are two basic ways a wheel and axle can
work together to help move things.
1. The Force is applied to the Wheel
For example, a screwdriver is an example of a
wheel and axle. The handle is the wheel where
the force is applied. It turns or spins and
increases the force of the shaft or axle, which
helps turn the screw.
Another example of force being applied to the
wheel is when a doorknob is turned. The
wheel (doorknob) is turned and the locking
mechanism connected to the shaft turns and
the door can then be opened.
2. The Force is applied to the Axle
A Ferris wheel is an example of force being
applied to the axle. When the axle turns it
results in the giant wheel turning. The wheel is
much larger than the axle and covers more
distance and area. A ceiling fan works the same
way.

36
37