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Digital Assignment
1. Four masses A, B, C and D are attached to a shaft and revolve in the same plane. The
masses are 12 kg, 10 kg, 18 kg and 15 kg respectively and their radii of rotations are 40
mm, 50 mm, 60 mm and 30 mm. The angular position of the masses B, C and D are 60°,
135° and 270° from the mass A. Find the magnitude and position of the balancing mass at a
radius of 100 mm. [Ans. 7.56 kg ; 87° clockwise from A]
2. Four masses A, B, C and D revolve at equal radii and are equally spaced along a shaft. The
mass B is 7 kg and the radii of C and D make angles of 90° and 240° respectively with the
radius of B. Find the magnitude of the masses A, C and D and the angular position of A so
that the system may be completely balanced. [Ans. 5 kg ; 6 kg ; 4.67 kg ; 205° from mass
B in anticlockwise direction]
3. A two cylinder uncoupled locomotive has inside cylinders 0.6 m apart. The radius of each
crank is 300 mm and are at right angles. The revolving mass per cylinder is 250 kg and the
reciprocating mass per cylinder is 300 kg. The whole of the revolving and two-third of the
reciprocating masses are to be balanced and the balanced masses are placed, in the planes
of rotation of the driving wheels, at a radius of 0.8 m. The driving wheels are 2 m in
diameter and 1.5 m apart. If the speed of the engine is 80 km. p.h.; find hammer blow,
maximum variation in tractive effort and maximum swaying couple. [Ans. 18.30
kN, 16.92 kN, 16.2 kN-m]
4. A two cylinder uncoupled locomotive with cranks at 90° has a crank radius of 325 mm.
The distance between the centres of driving wheels is 1.5 m. The pitch of cylinders is 0.6
m. The diameter of treads of driving wheels is 1.8 m. The radius of centres of gravity of
balance masses is 0.65 m. The pressure due to dead load on each wheel is 40 kN. The
masses of reciprocating and rotating parts per cylinder are 330 kg and 300 kg respectively.
The speed of the locomotive is 60 km. p.h. find : 1. The balancing masses both in
magnitude and position required to be placed is the planes of driving wheels to balance
whole of the revolving and two-third of the reciprocating masses ; 2. The swaying couple ;
3.The variation is tractive force. [Ans.
200 kg ; 13 kN-m ; 17.34 kN]
5. A vibrating system consists of a mass of 8 kg, spring of stiffness 5.6 N/mm and a dashpot
of damping coefficient of 40 N/m/s. Find (a) damping factor, (b) logarithmic decrement,
and (c) ratio of the two consecutive amplitudes. [Ans. 0.094 ;
0.6 ; 1.82]
6. A body of mass of 50 kg is supported by an elastic structure of stiffness 10 kN/m. The
motion of the body is controlled by a dashpot such that the amplitude of vibration
decreases to one-tenth of its original value after two complete vibrations. Determine: (a)
the damping force at 1 m/s (b) The damping ratio, and (c) the natural frequency of
vibration. [Ans. 252 N/m/s ; 0.178 ; 2.214 Hz]
7. The flywheel of an engine driving a dynamo has a mass of 180 kg and a radius of gyration
of 30 mm. The shaft at the flywheel end has an effective length of 250 mm and is 50 mm
diameter. The armature mass is 120 kg and its radius of gyration is 22.5 mm. The dynamo
shaft is 43 mm diameter and 200 mm effective length. Calculate the position of node and
frequency of oscillation. [205 mm from flywheel; 218 Hz]
8. The two rotors A and B are attached to the end of a shaft 500 mm long. The mass of the
rotor A is 300 kg and radius of gyration is 300 mm. The corresponding values of the rotor
B are 500 kg and 450 mm respectively. The shaft is 70 mm in diameter for the first 250
mm; 120 mm for the next 70 mm and 100 mm diameter for the remaining length. The
rigidity modulus for the shaft material is 80GPa. Find (i) the position of the node (ii)
frequency of torsional vibration. Take C = 83GPa. [225 mm from A; 27.3 Hz]
9. Each arm of a Porter governor is 300 mm long and is pivoted on the axis of rotation. Each
ball has a mass of 6 kg and the sleeve weighs 18 kg. The radius of rotation of the ball is
200 mm when the governor begins to lift and 250 mm when the speed is maximum.
Determine the maximum and the minimum speeds and the range of speed of the governor.
[Ans. 146.8 rpm; 126.4 rpm; 20.4 rpm]
10. A Porter governor has each of its arms of 175 mm length pivoted on the axis of the
governor. The radii of rotation of the balls at the minimum and the maximum speeds are
105 mm and 140 mm respectively. The mass of the sleeve is 20 kg and of each ball is 5 kg.
Determine the range of speed when the friction at the sleeve is 15 N. [Ans. 39.5 rpm]
11. Each arm of a Porter governor is 400 mm log. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of
the sleeve and the lower arms are attached at a distance of 40 mm from the axis. Each ball
has a mass of 6 kg and the weight on the sleeve is 50 kg. Find the range of speed of the
governor if the extreme radii of rotation of the balls are 260 mm and 300 mm. [Ans. 10.6
rpm]
12. The arms of a Porter governor are 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of
rotation and the lower arms are attached to the sleeve at a distance of 35 mm from the axis
of rotation. The load on the sleeve is 54 kg and the mass of each ball is 7 kg. Determine the
equilibrium speed when the radius of the balls is 225 mm. What will be the range of speed
for this position, if the frictional resistances to the motion of the sleeve are equivalent to a
force of 30 N? [Ans. 174.3 r.p.m. ; 8.5 r.p.m.]
13. A ship is propelled by a turbine rotor having a mass of 6 tonnes and a speed of 2400 rpm.
The direction of rotation of the rotor is clockwise when viewed from the stern. The radius
of gyration of the rotor is 450 mm. Determine the gyroscopic effect when the
(i) Ship steers to the left in a curve of 60 m radius at a speed of 18 knots (1knot = 1860 km/h)
(ii) Ship pitches 7.5 degrees above and 7.5 degrees below the normal position and the bow is
descending with its maximum velocity; pitching motion is SHM with a periodic time of 18
seconds.
(iii) Ship rolls and at the instant, its angular velocity is 0.035 rad/s counterclockwise when
viewed from the stern. Also find the maximum angular acceleration during pitching.
[Ans. 47.33 kNm, bow is raised; 13.96 kNm, ship turns towards port side; 10.69 kNm.
No gyroscopic effect; 0.016 rad/s2]
14. An aeroplane runs at 600 km / h. The rotor of the engine weighs 4000 N with radius of
gyration of 1 metre. The speed of rotor is 3000 r.p.m. in anticlockwise direction when seen
from rear side of the aeroplane. If the plane takes a loop upwards in a curve of 100 metres
radius, find : 1. gyroscopic couple developed; and 2. effect of reaction gyroscopic couple
developed on the body of aeroplane. [Ans. 213.5 kN-m]
15. An aeroplane makes a complete half circle of 50 metres radius, towards left, when flying at
200 km per hour. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane has a mass of 400 kg
with a radius of gyration of 300 mm. The engine runs at 2400 r.p.m. clockwise, when
viewed from the rear. Find the gyroscopic couple on the aircraft and state its effect on it.
What will be the effect, if the aeroplane turns to its right instead of to the left? [Ans. 10
kN-m]
16. The rotor of a turbine installed in a boat with its axis along the longitudinal axis of the boat
makes 1500 r.p.m. clockwise when viewed from the stern. The rotor has a mass of 750 kg
and a radius of gyration of 300 mm. If at an instant, the boat pitches in the longitudinal
vertical plane so that the bow rises from the horizontal plane with an angular velocity of 1
rad /s, determine the torque acting on the boat and the direction in which it tends to turn the
boat at the instant. [Ans. 10.6 kN-m]