REPUBLIC OF KENYA

NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS

FOR

APPLIED STATISTICS TECHNICIAN

LEVEL 6

TVET CDACC
P.O. BOX 15745-00100
NAIROBI
First published 2019
© 2019, TVET CDACC

All rights reserved. No part of these Occupational Standards may be reproduced,

distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying,
recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission
of the TVET CDACC, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews
and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission
requests, write to the Council Secretary/CEO, at the address below:

Council Secretary/CEO
TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
P.O. Box 15745–00100
Nairobi, Kenya 
Email: info@tvetcdacc.go.ke

©TVET CDACC 2019 i

 FOREWORD
The provision of quality education and training is fundamental to the Government’s
overall strategy for social economic development. Quality education and training will
contribute to achievement Kenya’s development blue print and sustainable development
goals.

Reforms in the education sector are necessary for the achievement of Kenya Vision 2030
and meeting the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya 2010. The education sector had
to be aligned to the Constitution and this resulted in the formulation of the Policy
Framework for Reforming Education and Training (Sessional Paper No. 4 of 2016). A
key feature of this policy is the radical change in the design and delivery of the TVET
training. This policy document requires that training in TVET be competency based,
Curriculum development be industry led, certification be based on demonstration of
competence and mode of delivery allows for multiple entry and exit in TVET
programmes.

These reforms demand that Industry takes a leading role in Curriculum Development to
ensure the Curriculum addresses its competence needs. It is against this background that
these Occupational Standards were developed for developing a Competency-Based
Curriculum for Applied Statistics level 6. These Occupational Standards will also be the
basis for assessment of an individual for competence certification.

It is my conviction that these Occupational Standards will play a great role towards
development of competent human resource for the Mathematics and Statistics sector’s
growth and sustainable development.

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

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 PREFACE
Kenya Vision 2030 aims to transform the country into a newly industrializing, “middle-
income country providing a high-quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030”. Kenya
intends to create a globally competitive and adaptive human resource base to meet the
requirements of a rapidly industrializing economy through life-long education and
training. TVET has a responsibility of facilitating the process of inculcating knowledge,
skills and attitudes necessary for catapulting the nation to a globally competitive country,
hence the paradigm shift to embrace Competency Based Education and Training (CBET).

The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Act No. 29 of 2013 and the
Sessional Paper No. 14 of 2012 on Reforming Education and Training in Kenya,
emphasized the need to reform Curriculum development, assessment and certification.
This called for shift to CBET to address the mismatch between skills acquired through
training and skills needed by industry as well as increase the global competitiveness of
Kenyan labour force.

The TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET

CDACC), in conjunction with Applied Statistics Sector Skills Advisory Committee
(SSAC) have developed these Occupational Standards for an applied statistician. These
Occupational Standards will be the basis for development of competency-based
Curriculum for Applied Statistics Level 6. These Standards will also be the basis for
assessment of an individual for competence certification.

The Occupational Standards are designed and organized with clear performance criteria
for each element of a unit of competency. These standards also outline the required
knowledge and skills as well as evidence guide.

I am grateful to the Council Members, Council Secretariat, Applied Statistics SSAC,

expert workers and all those who participated in the development of these Occupational
Standards.

© 2019 TVET CDACC iii

CHAIRMAN, TVET CDACC

© 2019 TVET CDACC iv

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

These Occupational Standards were developed through combined effort of various

stakeholders from private and public organizations. I am sincerely thankful to the
management of these organizations for allowing their staff to participate in this course. I
wish to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of industry players who provided inputs
towards the development of these Standards.

I thank TVET Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council (TVET

CDACC) for providing guidance on the development of these Standards. My gratitude
goes to the Applied Statistics Sector Skills Advisory Committee (SSAC) members for
their contribution to the development of these Standards. I thank all the individuals and
organizations who participated in the validation of these Standards.

I acknowledge all other institutions which in one way or another contributed to the
development of these Standards.

CHAIRPERSON
APPLIED STATISTICS SECTOR SKILLS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

© 2019 TVET CDACC v

 Table of Contents
FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................................
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................................
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS................................................................................................
KEY TO UNIT CODE...........................................................................................................................
BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY........................................................................................................
DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS.........................................................2

DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS.....................................................................7

DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY....................................................................14

DEMONSTRATE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS.....................................................20

DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS..........................................................28

DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY.................................................36

DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES........42

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY...............................................................................................

APPLY MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS.............................................................49

APPLY STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES.......................................................................55

APPLY RESEARCH METHODS.................................................................................63

DEVELOP DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS..............................................68

MANAGE STATISTICAL DATA................................................................................73

CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY......................................................................................................

DEVELOP RESEARCH CONCEPTS..........................................................................81

COLLECT AND MANAGE RESEARCH DATA.......................................................87

PERFORM DESCRIPTIVE DATA ANALYSIS..........................................................91

PERFORM INFERENTIAL DATA ANALYSIS.........................................................95

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DESIGN RESEARCH EXPERIMENTS.....................................................................100

IMPROVE PROCESS QUALITY...............................................................................105

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 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

BC Basic Competency

CC Common Competency

CDACC Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council

CR Core Competency

CU Curriculum

2D Two Dimensional

HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

ICT Information Communication Technology

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

NEMA National Environmental Management Authority

OSHA Occupation Safety and Health Act

OSHS Occupation Safety and Health Standards

PESTEL Political Economic Social Technological Environmental and Legal

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

SSAC Sector Skills Advisory Committee

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

© 2019 TVET CDACC viii

 KEY TO UNIT CODE

MATH/OS/AS/BC/01/6/A

Industry or sector

Occupational Standards

Occupational area

Type of competency

Competency number

Competency level

Version control

© 2019 TVET CDACC ix

 OVERVIEW

Applied statistics Level 6 qualification consists of competencies that an individual must

achieve to enable him/her to apply statistics in a work place. it entails preparation of
research concept, design and data collection tools, collection and management of research
data, descriptive data analysis, inferential data analysis, experimental research designs,
improvement of industrial process quality

BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY

Unit Code Unit Title
MATH/OS/AS/BC/01/6/A Demonstrate Communication Skills

MATH/OS/AS/BC/02/6/A Demonstrate Numeracy Skills

MATH/OS/AS/BC/03/6/A Demonstrate Digital Literacy

MATH/OS/AS/BC/04/6/A Demonstrate Entrepreneurial Skills

MATH/OS/AS/BC/05/6/A Demonstrate Employability Skills

MATH/OS/AS/BC/06/6/A Demonstrate Environmental Literacy

MATH/OS/AS/BC/07/6/A Demonstrate Occupational Safety And

Health Practices

COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

Unit Code Unit Title

MATH/OS/AS/CC/01/6/A Apply Mathematics For Statistics

MATH/OS/AS/CC/02/6/A Apply Statistical Techniques

MATH/OS/AS/CC/03/6/A Apply Research Methods

MATH/OS/AS/CC/04/6/A Develop Database Management

Systems

MATH/OS/AS/CC/05/6/A Manage Statistical Data

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 CORE UNITS OF COMPENTENCY

Unit of Competency Code Unit of Competency Title

MATH/CU/AS/CR/01/6/A Develop Research Concepts

MATH/CU/AS/CR/02/6/A Collect And Manage Research Data

MATH/CU/AS/CR/03/6/A Perform Descriptive Data Analysis

MATH/CU/AS/CR/04/6/A Perform Inferential Data Analysis

MATH/CU/AS/CR/05/6/A Design Research Experiments

MATH/CU/AS/CR/06/6/A Improve Process Quality

Industrial Attachment

Project/Term Paper

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 BASIC UNITS OF COMPETENCY
1.

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 DEMONSTRATE COMMUNICATION SKILLS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/01/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate communication skills. It
involves meeting communication needs of clients and colleagues, developing
communication strategies, establishing and maintaining communication pathways,
conducting interviews, facilitating group discussion and representing the organization.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required level
key outcomes of performance for each of the elements.
which make up Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
workplace
function
1. Meet commu- 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are
nication needs identified and met based on workplace requirements
of clients and 1.2 Different communication approaches are identified and
colleagues applied according to clients’ needs
1.3 Conflict is identified and addressed as per the standards of the
organization
2. Develop com- 2.1 Strategies for effective internal and external dissemination of
munication information are developed as per organization’s requirements
strategies 2.2 Special communication needs are considered in developing
strategies according workplace procedures
2.3 Communication strategies are analyzed, evaluated and
revised based the workplace needs
3. Establish and 3.1 Pathways of communication are established as per
maintain com- organization policy
munication 3.2 Pathways are maintained and reviewed according to
pathways organization procedures
4. Promote use of 4.1 Information is provided to all areas of the organization as per
communication strategy requirements
strategies 4.2 Effective communication techniques are articulated and
modeled according work requirements
4.3 Personnel are given guidance about adapting communication

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 strategies as per organization procedures
5. Conduct inter- 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are
view employed in interview situations based on the workplace
requirements
5.2 Records of interviews are made and maintained in accordance
with organizational procedures
5.3 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal communication
techniques are used as per needs
6. Facilitate 6.1 Mechanisms to enhance effective group interaction are
group discus- identified and implemented according to workplace
sion requirements
6.2 Strategies to encourage group participation are identified and
used as per organizations’ procedures
6.3 Meetings objectives and agenda are set and followed based on
workplace requirements
6.4 Relevant information is provided and feedback obtained
according to set protocols
6.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is undertaken
in accordance with workplace guidelines
6.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are identified
and addressed as per individual needs
7. Represent the 5.1 7Relevant presentation are researched and presented based on
organization internal or external communication forums requirements
5.2 Presentation is delivered in a clear and sequential manner as
per the predetermined time
5.3 Presentation is made as per appropriate media
5.4 Difference views are respected based on workplace procedures
5.5 Written communication is done as per organizational
standards
5.6 Inquiries are responded according to organizational standard

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.

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 Variable Range
1. Communication  Language switch
strategies may  Comprehension check
include but not  Repetition
limited to:  Asking confirmation
 Paraphrase
 Clarification request
 Translation
 Restructuring
 Approximation
 Generalization
2. Effective group  Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within
interaction may an interaction in a nonjudgmental way
include but not  Using active listening
limited to:  Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
 Putting together response which is culturally
appropriate
 Expressing an individual perspective
 Expressing own philosophy, ideology and
background and exploring impact with relevance to
communication
3. Situations may  Establishing rapport
include but not  Eliciting facts and information
limited to:  Facilitating resolution of issues
 Developing action plans
 Diffusing potentially difficult situations

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Communication
 Active listening
 Interpretation

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  Negotiation
 Writing

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 Communication process
 Dynamics of groups
 Styles of group leadership
 Key elements of communications strategy

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
aspects of 1.1 Developed communication strategies to meet the
Competency organization requirements and applied in the workplace
1.2 Established and maintained communication pathways for
effective communication in the workplace
1.3 Used communication strategies involving exchanges of
complex oral information
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Direct observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written texts
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.

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 for assess-
ment

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 DEMONSTRATE NUMERACY SKILLS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/02/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes the competencies required to demonstrate numeracy skills. It
involves; applying a wide range of mathematical calculations for work; applying ratios,
rates and proportions to solve problems; estimating, measuring and calculating
measurement for work; using detailed maps to plan travel routes for work; using
geometry to draw and construct 2D and 3D shapes for work; collecting, organizing and
interpreting statistical data; using routine formula and algebraic expressions for work and
using common functions of a scientific calculator.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Apply a wide 1.1 Mathematical information embedded in a range of
range of workplace tasks and texts is extracted as per workplace
mathematical procedures.
calculations for 1.2 Mathematical information is interpreted and
work comprehended as per job specifications
1.3 A range of mathematical and problem solving
processes are selected and used as per job specification
1.4 Different forms of fractions, decimals and percentages
are flexibly used as per SOPs
1.5 Calculation performed with positive and negative
numbers as per SOPs
1.6 Numbers are expressed as powers and roots and are
used in calculations as per SOPs
1.7 Calculations done using routine formulas as per SOPs
1.8 Estimation and assessment processes are used to check
outcome as per workplace procedures
1.9 Mathematical language is used to discuss and explain
the processes, results and implications of the task as
per workplace procedures

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 2. Use and apply 2.1 Information regarding ratios, rates and proportions
ratios, rates and extracted from a range of workplace tasks and texts as
proportions for per SOPs
work 2.2 Mathematical information related to ratios, rate and
proportions is analysed as per SOPs
2.3 Problem solving processes are used to undertake the
task as per workplace procedures
2.4 Equivalent ratios and rates are simplified as per SOPs
2.5 Quantities are calculated using ratios, rates and
proportions as per SOPS
2.6 Graphs, charts or tables are constructed to represent
ratios, rates and proportions as per SOPs
2.7 The outcomes reviewed and checked as per job
specifications
2.8 Information is record using mathematical language and
symbols as per workplace procedures
3. Estimate, 3.1 Measurement information embedded in workplace
measure and texts and tasks are extracted and interpreted as per job
calculate specifications
measurement for 3.2 Appropriate workplace measuring equipment are
work identified and selected as per job specifications
3.3 Accurate measurements are estimated and made as
per SOPs
3.4 The area of 2D shapes including compound shapes
are calculated as per SOPs
3.5 The volume of 3D shapes is calculated using relevant
formulas as per SOPs
3.6 Sides of right angled triangles are calculated using
Pythagoras’ theorem as per SOPs
3.7 conversions are perform between units of
measurement as per job specification
3.8 Problem solving processes are used to undertake the
task as per workplace Procedures
3.9 The measurement outcomes are reviewed and
checked as per workplace procedures
3.10 Information is recorded using mathematical language
and symbols appropriate for the task as per workplace

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 procedures
4. Use detailed 4.1 Different types of maps are identified and interpreted
maps to plan as per job requirements
travel routes for 4.2 Key features of maps are identified as per job
work requirements
4.3 Scales are identified and interpreted as per job
requirements
4.4 Scales are applied to calculate actual distances
4.5 Positions or locations are determined using directional
information as per job requirements
4.6 Routes are planned by determining directions and
calculating distances, speeds and times as per job
requirements
4.7 Information is gathered and identified and relevant
factors related to planning a route checked as per job
requirements
4.8 Relevant equipment is select and checked for
accuracy and operational effectiveness as per job
requirements
4.9 Task is planned and recorded using specialized
mathematical language and symbols appropriate for
the task as per job requirements
5. Use geometry to 5.1 A range of 2D shapes and 3D shapes and their uses in
draw 2D shapes work contexts is identified as per job specifications
and construct 3D 5.2 Features of 2D and 3D shapes are named and
shapes for work described as per job specifications
5.3 Types of angles in 2D and 3D shapes are identified as
per job specifications
5.4 Angles are drawn, estimated and measured using
geometric instruments as per job requirements
5.5 Angle properties of 2D shapes are named and
identified as per SOPs
5.6 Angle properties are used to evaluate unknown angles
in shapes as per SOPs
5.7 Properties of perpendicular and parallel lines are
applied to shapes as per SOPs
5.8 Understanding and use of symmetry is demonstrated

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 as per SOPs
5.9 Understanding and use of similarity is demonstrated
as per SOPs
5.10 The workplace tasks and mathematical processes
required are identified as per workplace procedures
5.11 2D shapes is drawn for work as per job specification
5.12 3D shapes is constructed for work as per job
specification
5.13 The outcomes are reviewed and checked as per
workplace procedures
5.14 Specialized mathematical language and symbols
appropriate for the task are used as per SOPs
6. Collect, organize, 6.1 Workplace issue requiring investigation are identified
and interpret as per workplace procedures
statistical data for 6.2 Audience / population / sample unit is determined as
work per workplace procedures as per workplace
procedures
6.3 Data to be collected is identified as per workplace
procedures
6.4 Data collection method is selected as per workplace
procedures
6.5 Appropriate statistical data is collected and organized
as per SOPs
6.6 Data is illustrated in appropriate formats as per SOPs
6.7 The effectiveness of different types of graphs are
compared as per SOPs
6.8 The summary statistics for collected data is calculated
as per SOPs
6.9 The results / findings are interpreted as per SOPs
6.10 Data is checked to ensure that it meets the expected
results and content as per workplace procedures
6.11 Information from the results including tables,
graphs and summary statistics is extracted and
interpreted as per workplace procedure
6.12 Mathematical language and symbols are used to
report results of investigation as per workplace
procedure

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 7. Use routine 7.1 Understanding of informal and symbolic notation,
formula and representation and conventions of algebraic
algebraic expressions is demonstrated as per SOPs
expressions for 7.2 Simple algebraic expressions and equations are
work developed as per job specification
7.3 Operate on algebraic expressions as per job
requirement
7.4 Algebraic expressions are simplified as per job
requirement
7.5 Substitution into simple routine equations is done as
per SOPs
7.6 Routine formulas used for work tasks are identified
and comprehended as per SOPs
7.7 Routine formulas are evaluate by substitution as per
SOPs
7.8 Routine formulas transposed as per SOPs
7.9 Appropriate formulas are identified and used for work
related tasks as per workplace procedures
7.10 Outcomes are checked and result of calculation used
as per workplace procedures
8. Use common 8.1 Required numerical information to perform tasks is
functions of a located as per job specification
scientific 8.2 The order of operations and function keys necessary
calculator for to solve mathematical calculation are determined as
work per job specification
8.3 Function keys on a scientific calculator are identified
and used as per SOPs
8.4 Estimations are referred to check reasonableness of
problem solving process as per workplace procedures
8.5 Appropriate mathematical language, symbols and
conventions are used to report results as per
workplace procedures

RANGE

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This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

1. 2D shapes may  Triangles

include but not  Square
limited may include  Rectangle
but not limited to:  Triangle

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Measuring
 Logical thinking
 Computing
 Drawing of graphs
 Applying mathematical formulas
 Analytical

Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Types of common shapes
 Differentiation between two dimensional shapes / objects
 Formulae for calculating area and volume
 Types and purpose of measuring instruments
 Units of measurement and abbreviations
 Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Rounding techniques
 Types of fractions
 Different types of tables and graphs
 Meaning of graphs, such as increasing, decreasing, and constant value
 Preparation of basic data, tables & graphs

© 2019 TVET CDACC 12

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1. 1 Developed communication strategies to meet the
organization requirements and applied in the
workplace
1. 2 Established and maintained communication
pathways for effective communication in the
workplace
1. 3  Used communication strategies involving
exchanges of complex oral information
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
simulated environment where assessment can take
place
2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information industry sector, workplace and job role is
for assessment recommended.

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 DEMONSTRATE DIGITAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/03/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit describes competencies required to demonstrate digital literacy. It involves,
identifying computer software and hardware, applying security measures to data,
hardware, and software in automated environment, applying computer software in
solving task, applying internet and email in communication at workplace, applying
desktop publishing in official assignments and preparing presentation packages.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the These are assessable statements which specify the required
key outcomes which level of performance for each of the elements.
make up workplace
function Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Identify appro- 1.1 Concepts of ICT are determined in accordance with

priate computer computer equipment
software and 1.2 Classifications of computers are determined in accordance
hardware with manufacturers specification
1.3 Appropriate computer software is identified according to
manufacturer’s specification
1.4 Appropriate computer hardware is identified according to
manufacturer’s specification
1.5 Functions and commands of operating system are
determined in accordance with manufacturer’s
specification
2. Apply security 2.1 Data security and privacy are classified in accordance
measures to with the prevailing technology
data, hardware, 2.2 Security threats reidentified and control measures are
software in auto- applied in accordance with laws governing protection of
mated environ- ICT
ment 2.3 Computer threats and crimes are detected in accordance to
Information Management security guidelines

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 2.4 Protection against computer crimes is undertaken in
accordance with laws governing protection of ICT
3. Apply computer 3.1 Word processing concepts are applied in resolving
software in solv- workplace tasks, report writing and documentation as per
ing tasks the job requirements
3.2 Word processing utilities are applied in accordance with
workplace procedures
3.3 Worksheet layout is prepared in accordance with work
procedures
3.4 Worksheet is built and data manipulated in the worksheet
in accordance with workplace procedures
3.5 Continuous data manipulated on worksheet is undertaken
in accordance with work requirements
3.6 Database design and manipulation is undertaken in
accordance with office procedures
3.7 Data sorting, indexing, storage, retrieval and security is
provided in accordance with workplace procedures
4. Apply internet 4.1 Electronic mail addresses are opened and applied in
and email in workplace communication in accordance with office
communication policy
at workplace 4.2 Office internet functions are defined and executed in
accordance with office procedures
4.3 Network configuration is determined in accordance with
office operations procedures
4.4 Official World Wide Web is installed and managed
according to workplace procedures
5. Apply Desktop 5.1 Desktop publishing functions and tools are identified in
publishing in of- accordance with manufactures specifications
ficial assign- 5.2 Desktop publishing tools are developed in accordance with
ments work requirements
5.3 Desktop publishing tools are applied in accordance with
workplace requirements
5.4 Typeset work is enhanced in accordance with workplace
standards
6. Prepare present- 6.1 Types of presentation packages are identified in
ation packages accordance with office requirements
6.2 Slides are created and formulated in accordance with

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 workplace procedures
6.3 Slides are edited and run-in accordance with work
procedures
6.4 Slides and handouts are printed according to work
requirements

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Appropriate Collection of physical parts of a computer system such as:
computer  Computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
hardware may  All the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard
include but not disk drive, motherboard and video card
limited to:

2. Data security and  Confidentiality of data

privacy may  Cloud computing
include but not  Integrity -but-curious data surfing
limited to:
3. Security and  Counter measures against cyber terrorism
control measures  Risk reduction
may include but  Cyber threat issues
not limited to:  Risk management
 Pass-wording
4. Security threats  Cyber terrorism
may include but  Hacking
not limited to:

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

© 2019 TVET CDACC 16

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Analytical skills
 Interpretation
 Typing
 Communication
 Computing (applying fundamental operations such as addition, subtraction,
division and multiplication)
 Using calculator
 Basic ICT skills

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Software concept
 Functions of computer software and hardware
 Data security and privacy
 Computer security threats and control measures
 Technology underlying cyber-attacks and networks
 Cyber terrorism
 Computer crimes
 Detection and protection of computer crimes
 Laws governing protection of ICT
 Word processing;
 Functions and concepts of word processing.
 Documents and tables creation and manipulations
 Mail merging
 Word processing utilities
 Spread sheets;
 Meaning, formulae, function and charts, uses and layout
 Data formulation, manipulation and application to cells

 Database;
 Database design, data manipulation, sorting, indexing,
storage retrieval and security
 Desktop publishing;
 Designing and developing desktop publishing tools

© 2019 TVET CDACC 17

  Manipulation of desktop publishing tools
 Enhancement of typeset work and printing documents
 Presentation Packages;
 Types of presentation Packages
 Creating, formulating, running, editing, printing and
presenting slides and handouts
 Networking and Internet;
 Computer networking and internet.
 Electronic mail and world wide web
 Emerging trends and issues in ICT;
 Identify and integrate emerging trends and issues in ICT
 Challenges posed by emerging trends and issues
EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Identified and controlled security threats
Competency 1.2 Detected and protected computer crimes
1.3 Applied word processing in office tasks
1.4 Designed, prepared work sheet and applied data to the cells
in accordance to workplace procedures
1.5 Opened electronic mail for office communication as per
workplace procedure
1.6 Installed internet and World Wide Web for office tasks in
accordance with office procedures
1.7 Integrated emerging issues in computer ICT applications
1.8 Applied laws governing protection of ICT
2. Resource Im- The following resources should be provided:
plications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment
can take place
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation

© 2019 TVET CDACC 18

 3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

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 DEMONSTRATE ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS

UNIT CODE : MATH/OS/AS/BC/04/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit covers the competencies required to demonstrate understanding of

entrepreneurship. It involves demonstrating understanding of an entrepreneur,
entrepreneurship, and self-employment, identifying entrepreneurship opportunities,
creating entrepreneurial awareness, applying entrepreneurial motivation, developing
business innovative strategies and developing business plan.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Demonstrate 1. 1 Entrepreneurs and Business persons are
understanding of an distinguished as per principles of
Entrepreneur entrepreneurship
1. 2 Types of entrepreneurs are identified as per
principles of entrepreneurship
1. 3 Ways of becoming an Entrepreneur are
identified as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
1. 4 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs are
identified as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
1. 5 Factors affecting Entrepreneurship
development are explored as per principles of
Entrepreneurship
2. Demonstrate 2. 1 Entrepreneurship and self-employment are
understanding of distinguished as per principles of
Entrepreneurship and self- entrepreneurship
employment 2. 2 Importance of self-employment is analysed
based on business procedures and strategies
2. 3 Requirements for entry into self-
employment are identified according to
business procedures and strategies
2. 4 Role of an Entrepreneur in business is
determined according to business procedures
and strategies

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 2. 5 Contributions of Entrepreneurs to National
development are identified as per business
procedures and strategies
2. 6 Entrepreneurship culture in Kenya is
explored as per business procedures and
strategies
2. 7 Born or made Entrepreneurs are distinguished
as per entrepreneurial traits
3. Identify Entrepreneurship 3.1 Sources of business ideas are identified as per
opportunities business procedures and strategies
3.2 Business ideas and opportunities are
generated as per business procedures and
strategies
3.3 Business life cycle is analysed as per business
procedures and strategies
3.4 Legal aspects of business are identified as per
procedures and strategies
3.5 Product demand is assessed as per market
strategies
3.6 Types of business environment are identified
and evaluated as per business procedures
3.7 Factors to consider when evaluating business
environment are explored based on business
procedure and strategies
3.8 Technology in business is incorporated as per
best practice
4. Create entrepreneurial 4.1 Forms of businesses are explored as per
awareness business procedures and strategies
4.2 Sources of business finance are identified as
per business procedures and strategies
4.3 Factors in selecting source of business
finance are identified as per business
procedures and strategies
4.4 Governing policies on Small Scale
Enterprises (SSEs) are determined as per
business procedures and strategies
4.5 Problems of starting and operating SSEs are

© 2019 TVET CDACC 21

 explored as per business procedures and
strategies
5.1 Internal and external motivation factors are
5. Apply entrepreneurial determined in accordance with motivational
motivation theories
5.2 Self-assessment is carried out as per
entrepreneurial orientation
5.3 Effective communications are carried out in
accordance with communication principles
5.4 Entrepreneurial motivation is applied as per
motivational theories

6. Develop innovative 6.1 Business innovation strategies are determined

business strategies in accordance with the organization strategies
6.2 Creativity in business development is
demonstrated in accordance with
business strategies
6.3 Innovative business strategies are
developed as per business principles
6.4 Linkages with other entrepreneurs are
created as per best practice
6.5 ICT is incorporated in business growth
and development as per best practice

7. Develop Business Plan 7.1 Identified Business is described as per

business procedures and strategies
7.2 Marketing plan is developed as per business
plan format
7.3 Organizational/Management plan is prepared
in accordance with business plan format
7.4 Production/operation plan in accordance with
business plan format
7.5 Financial plan is prepared in accordance with
the business plan format
7.6 Executive summary is prepared in accordance
with business plan format
7.7 Business plan is presented as per best practice

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RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Types of entrepreneurs may  Innovators
include but not limited to:  Imitators
 Craft
 Opportunistic
 Speculators
2. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs  Creative
may include but not limited to:  Innovative
 Planner
 Risk taker
 Networker
 Confident
 Flexible
 Persistent
 Patient
 Independent
 Future oriented
 Goal oriented

3. Requirements for entry into self-  Technical skills

employment may include but not  Management skills
limited to  Entrepreneurial skills
 Resources
 Infrastructure

4. Internal and external motivation  Interest

may include but not limited to:  Passion
 Freedom
 Prestige
 Rewards
 Punishment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 23

  Enabling environment
 Government policies

5. Business environment may include  External

but not limited to:  Internal
 Intermediate

6. Forms of businesses may include  Sole proprietorship

but not limited to:  Partnership
 Limited companies
 Cooperatives

7. Governing policies may include  Increasing scope for finance

but not limited to:  Promoting cooperation between
entrepreneurs and private sector
 Reducing regulatory burden on
entrepreneurs
 Developing IT tools for
entrepreneurs

8. Innovative business strategies may  New products

include but not limited to:  New methods of production
 New markets
 New sources of supplies
 Change in industrialization

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Analytical
 Management
 Problem-solving
 Root-cause analysis

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 Communication

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Decision making
 Business communication
 Change management
 Competition
 Risk
 Net working
 Time management
 Leadership
 Factors affecting entrepreneurship development
 Principles of Entrepreneurship
 Features and benefits of common operational practices, e. g., continuous
improvement (kaizen), waste elimination,
 Conflict resolution
 Health, safety and environment (HSE) principles and requirements
 Customer care strategies
 Basic financial management
 Business strategic planning
 Impact of change on individuals, groups and industries
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international market trends
 Product promotion strategies
 Market and feasibility studies
 Government and regulatory processes
 Local and international business environment
 Relevant developments in other industries
 Regional/ County business expansion strategies

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects of 1. 1 Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

© 2019 TVET CDACC 25

 Competency 1. 2 Distinguished entrepreneurs and businesspersons
correctly
1. 3 Identified ways of becoming an entrepreneur
appropriately
1. 4 Explored factors affecting entrepreneurship
development appropriately
1. 5 Analysed importance of self-employment
accurately
1. 6 Identified requirements for entry into self-
employment correctly
1. 7 Identified sources of business ideas correctly
1. 8 Generated Business ideas and opportunities
correctly
1. 9 Analysed business life cycle accurately
1. 10 Identified legal aspects of business correctly
1. 11 Assessed product demand accurately
1. 12 Determined Internal and external motivation
factors appropriately
1. 13 Carried out communications effectively
1. 14 Identified sources of business finance correctly
1. 15 Determined Governing policy on small scale
enterprise appropriately
1. 16 Explored problems of starting and operating SSEs
effectively
1. 17 Developed Marketing,
Organizational/Management,
Production/Operation and Financial plans
correctly
1. 18 Prepared executive summary correctly
1. 19 Determined business innovative strategies
appropriately
1. 20 Presented business plan effectively
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment
can take place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where
assessment can take place

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 3. Methods of 3.1 Written tests
Assessment 3.2 Oral questions
3.3 Third party report
3.4 Interviews
3.5 Portfolio of Evidence

4. Context of Competency may be assessed

Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the
information for industry sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 27

 DEMONSTRATE EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/05/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTON

This unit covers competencies required to demonstrate employability skills. It involves

conducting self-management, demonstrating interpersonal communication, critical safe
work habits, leading a workplace team, planning and organizing work, maintaining
professional growth and development, demonstrating workplace learning, problem
solving skills and managing ethical performance.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function.
Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Conduct self- 1.1 Personal vision, mission and goals are formulated
management based on potential and in relation to organization
objectives
1.2 Emotional intelligence is demonstrated as per
workplace requirements.
1.3 Individual performance is evaluated and monitored
according to the agreed targets.
1.4 Assertiveness is developed and maintained based on
the requirements of the job.
1.5 Accountability and responsibility for own actions are
demonstrated based on workplace instructions.
1.6 Self-esteem and a positive self-image are developed
and maintained based on values.
1.7 Time management, attendance and punctuality are
observed as per the organization policy.
1.8 Goals are managed as per the organization’s objective
1.9 Self-strengths and weaknesses are identified based on

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 personal objectives
2. Demonstrate 2.1 Writing skills are demonstrated as per communication
interpersonal policy
communication 2.2 Negotiation and persuasion skills are demonstrated as
per communication policy
2.3 Internal and external stakeholders’ needs are identified
and interpreted as per the communication policy
2.4 Communication networks are established based on
workplace policy
2.5 Information is shared as per communication policy
3. Demonstrate 3.1 Stress is managed in accordance with workplace policy.
critical safe work 3.2 Punctuality and time consciousness is demonstrated in
habits line with workplace policy.
3.3 Personal objectives are integrated with organization
goals based on organization’s strategic plan.
3.4 Resources are utilized in accordance with workplace
policy.
3.5 Work priorities are set in accordance to workplace goals
and objectives.
3.6 Leisure time is recognized and utilized in line with
personal objectives.
3.7 Drugs and substances of abuse are identified and
avoided based on workplace policy.
3.8 HIV and AIDS prevention awareness is demonstrated in
line with workplace policy.
3.9 Safety consciousness is demonstrated in the workplace
based on organization safety policy.
3.10 Emerging issues are identified and dealt with in
accordance with organization policy.
4. Lead a workplace 4.1 Performance targets for the team are set based on
team organization’s objectives
4.2 Duties are assigned in accordance with the organization
policy.
4.3 Forms of communication in a team are established
according to organization’s policy.
4.4 Team performance is evaluated based on set targets as
per workplace policy.

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 4.5 Conflicts are resolved between team members in line
with organization policy.
4.6 Gender related issues are identified and mainstreamed
in accordance workplace policy.
4.7 Human rights and fundamental freedoms are identified
and respected as Constitution of Kenya 2010.
4.8 Healthy relationships are developed and maintained in
line with workplace.
5. Plan and organize 5.1 Work plans are prepared based on activities and budget.
work 5.2 Assigned tasks are interpreted and expectations
identified as per the workplace instructions.
5.3 Task occupational safety and health requirements are
identified and observed regulations.
5.4 Work resources are identified, mobilized, allocated and
utilized based on organization work plans.
5.5 Work activities are monitored and evaluated in line with
work plans and workplace policy.
5.6 Work plans are reviewed based on target and available
resources.
6. Maintain 6.1 Personal training needs are identified and assessed in
professional line with the requirements of the job.
growth and 6.2 Training and career opportunities are identified and
development utilized based on job requirements.
6.3 Resources for training are mobilized and allocated
based organizations and individual skills needs.
6.4 Licensees and certifications relevant to job and career
are obtained and renewed as per policy.
6.5 Work priorities and personal commitments are
balanced and managed based on requirements of the
job and personal objectives.
6.6 Recognitions are sought as proof of career
advancement in line with professional requirements.
7. Demonstrate 7.1 Learning opportunities are sought and managed based
workplace learning on job requirement and organization policy.
7.2 Improvement in performance is demonstrated based on
courses attended.
7.3 Application of learning is demonstrated in both

© 2019 TVET CDACC 30

 technical and non-technical aspects based on
requirements of the job
7.4 Time and effort is invested in learning new skills based
on job requirements
7.5 Initiative is taken to create more effective and efficient
processes and procedures in line with workplace policy.
7.6 New systems are developed and maintained in
accordance with the requirements of the job.
7.7 Awareness of personal role in workplace innovation is
demonstrated based on requirements of the job.
8. Demonstrate 8.1 Creative, innovative and practical solutions are
problem solving developed based on the problem
skills 8.2 Independence and initiative in identifying and solving
problems is demonstrated based on requirements of the
job.
8.3 Team problems are solved as per the workplace
guidelines
8.4 Problem solving strategies are applied as per the
workplace guidelines
8.5 Problems are analyzed and assumptions tested as per the
context of data and circumstances
9. Manage ethical 9.1 Policies and guidelines are observed as per the
performance workplace requirements
9.2 Self-worth and professionalism is exercised in line with
personal goals and organizational policies
9.3 Code of conduct is observed as per the workplace
requirements
9.4 Integrity is demonstrated as per legal requirement

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

1. Drug and substance abuse Commonly abused

© 2019 TVET CDACC 31

 may include but not  Alcohol
limited to:  Tobacco
 Miraa
 Over-the-counter drugs
 Cocaine
 Bhang
 Glue
2. Feedback may include but  Verbal
not limited to:  Written
 Informal
 Formal
3. Relationships may include  Man/Woman
but not limited to:  Trainer/trainee
 Employee/employer
 Client/service provider
 Husband/wife
 Boy/girl
 Parent/child
 Sibling relationships
4. Forms of communication  Written
may include but not limited  Visual
to:  Verbal
 Non verbal
 Formal and informal
5. Team may include but not  Small work group
limited to:  Staff in a section/department
 Inter-agency group
6. Personal growth may Growth in the job
include but not limited to: Career mobility
Gains and exposure the job gives
Net workings
Benefits that accrue to the individual as a
result of noteworthy performance
7. Personal objectives may  Long term
include but not limited to:  Short term

© 2019 TVET CDACC 32

  Broad
 Specific
8. Trainings and career  Participation in training programs
opportunities may includes  Serving as Resource Persons in
but not limited to conferences and workshops
9. Resource may include may  Human
but not limited to:  Financial
 Technology
10. Innovation may include but  New ideas
not limited to:  Original ideas
 Different ideas
 Methods/procedures
 Processes
 New tools
11. Emerging issues may  Terrorism
include but not limited to:  Social media
 National cohesion
 Open offices
12. Range of media for  Mentoring
learning may include but  peer support and networking
not limited to:  IT and courses

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Interpersonal
 Communication
 Critical thinking
 Organizational
 Negotiation
 Monitoring
 Evaluation
 Record keeping

© 2019 TVET CDACC 33

  Problem solving
 Decision Making
 Resource utilization
 Resource mobilization

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Work values and ethics
 Company policies
 Company operations, procedures and standards
 Occupational Health and safety procedures
 Fundamental rights at work
 Workplace communication
 Concept of time
 Time management
 Decision making
 Types of resources
 Work planning
 Organizing work
 Monitoring and evaluation
 Record keeping
 Gender mainstreaming
 HIV and AIDS
 Drug and substance abuse
1. Professional growth and development
2. Technology in the workplace
3. Innovation
4. Emerging issues

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. 2. Critical aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Conducted self-management

© 2019 TVET CDACC 34

 1.2 Demonstrated interpersonal communication
1.3 Demonstrated critical safe work habits
1.4 Demonstrated the ability to lead a workplace team
1.5 Planned and organized work
1.6 Maintained professional growth and development
1.7 Demonstrated workplace learning
1.8 Demonstrated problem solving skills
1.9 Demonstrated the ability to manage performance ethically
3. 4. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.2 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment
can take place
5. 6. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
7. 8. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
9. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 35

 DEMONSTRATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/06/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION

This unit specifies the competencies required to demonstrate environmental literacy. It

involves, controlling environmental hazard and environmental pollution, demonstrating
sustainable resource use, evaluating current practices in relation to resource usage,
identifying environmental legislations/conventions for environmental concerns,
implementing specific environmental programs, monitoring activities on environmental
protection/Programs , analyzing resource use and developing resource conservation plans

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range

1. Control environmental 1. 1 Storage methods for environmentally hazardous

hazard materials are strictly followed according to
environmental regulations and OSHS.
1. 2 Disposal methods of hazardous wastes are followed
according to environmental regulations and OSHS.
1. 3 PPE is used according to OSHS.
2. Control environmental 2.1 Environmental pollution control measures are
Pollution implemented in accordance with international
protocols.
2.2 Procedures for solid waste management are
observed according Environmental Management
and Coordination Act 1999
2.3 Methods for minimizing noise pollution is
complied with based on Noise and Excessive
Vibration Pollution and Control Regulations,
2009
3. Demonstrate sustainable 3.1 Methods for minimizing wastage are complied with

© 2019 TVET CDACC 36

 resource use based on organizational waste management guide
3.2 Waste management procedures are employed
following principles of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle)
3.3 Methods for economizing and reducing resource
consumption are practiced as per the Constitution
of Kenya 2010 Article 69 .
4. Evaluate current 4.1 Information on resource efficiency systems and
practices in relation to procedures are collected and provided as per work
resource usage groups/sector
4.2 Current resource usage is measured and recorded as
per work group
4.3 Current purchasing strategies are analyzed and
recorded according to industry procedures.
4.4 Current work processes to access information and
data is analyzed following enterprise protocol.
5. Identify environmental 5.1 Environmental legislations/conventions and local
legislations/conventions ordinances are identified according to the different
for environmental environmental aspects/impact
concerns 5.2 Industrial standard/environmental practices are
described according to the different environmental
concerns
6. Implement specific 6.1 Programs/Activities are identified according to
environmental programs organizations policies and guidelines.
6.2 Individual roles/responsibilities are
determined and performed based on the activities
identified.
6.3 Problems/constraints encountered are resolved in
accordance with organizations’ policies and
guidelines
6.4 Stakeholders are consulted based on company
guidelines
7. Monitor activities on 7.1 Activities are periodically monitored and Evaluated
Environmental according to the objectives of the environmental
protection/Programs program
7.2 Feedback from stakeholders are gathered and
considered in Proposing enhancements to the

© 2019 TVET CDACC 37

 program based on consultations
7.3 Data gathered are analyzed based on Evaluation
requirements
7.4 Recommendations are submitted based on the
findings
7.5 Management support systems are set/established to
sustain and enhance the program
7.6 Environmental incidents are monitored and
reported to
7.7 concerned/proper authorities
8. Analyze resource use 8.1 All resource consuming processes are Identified as
per the organizational work plan
8.2 Quantity and nature of resource consumed is
determined based on processes
8.3 Resource flow is analyzed as per different parts of
the process.
8.4 Wastes are classified according to NEMA
regulations on waste management.
9. Develop resource 9.1. Efficiency of use/conversion of resources is
Conservation plans determined according to industry protocol.
9.2. Causes of low efficiency of use of resources are
Determined based on industry protocol.
9.3. Plans for increasing the efficiency of resource use
are developed based on findings.

RANGE

This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

© 2019 TVET CDACC 38

 1. PPE may include but  Mask
not limited to  Gloves
 Goggles
 Safety hat
 Overall
 Hearing protector
2. Control measures  Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
may include but not and ingestion of airborne particles
limited to  Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of gases and fumes
 Methods for minimizing or stopping spread
and ingestion of liquid wastes

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills

The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:

 Measuring
 Recording
 Analytical
 Monitoring
 Communication
 Writing

Required Knowledge

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:

 PPEs
 Environmental regulations
 OSHS

© 2019 TVET CDACC 39

  Pollution
 Waste management
 Principle of 3Rs
 Types of resources
 Techniques in measuring current usage of resources
 Environmental hazards
 Regulatory requirements

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of
Competency 1.1 Controlled environmental hazard
1.2 Controlled environmental pollution
1.3 Demonstrated sustainable resource use
1.4 Evaluated current practices in relation to resource usage
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of environmental legislations and
local ordinances according to the different environmental
issues /concerns.
1.6 Described industrial standard environmental practices
according to the different environmental issues/concerns.
1.7 Resolved problems/ constraints encountered based on
management standard procedures
1.8 Implemented and monitored environmental practices on a
periodic basis as per company guidelines
1.9 Recommended solutions for the improvement of the
program
1.10 Monitored and reported to proper authorities any
environmental incidents
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications
2.1 Workplace with storage facilities
2.2 Tools, materials and equipment relevant to the tasks (e.g.

© 2019 TVET CDACC 40

 Cleaning tools, cleaning materials, trash bags)
2.3 PPE, manuals and references
2.4 Legislation, policies, procedures, protocols and local
ordinances relating to environmental protection
2.5 Case studies/scenarios relating to environmental Protection
3 Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment
3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4 Context of Competency may be assessed
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5 Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 41

 DEMONSTRATE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/BC/07/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit specifies the competencies required to demonstrate occupational health and
safety practices. It involves identifying workplace hazards and risks, identifying and
implementing appropriate control measures to hazards and risks and implementing OSH
programs, procedures and policies/guidelines.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Identify workplace 1.1 Hazards in the workplace are identified based their
hazards and risk indicators
1.2 Risks and hazards are evaluated based on legal
requirements.
1.3 OSH concerns raised by workers are addressed as
per legal requirements.
2. Control OSH hazards 2.1 Hazard prevention and control measures are
implemented as per legal requirement.
2.2 Risk assessment is conducted and a risk matrix
developed based on likely impact.
2.3 Contingency measures, including emergency
procedures during workplace incidents and
emergencies are recognized and established in
accordance with organization procedures.
3. Implement OSH 3.1 Company OSH program are identified, evaluated and
programs reviewed based on legal requirements.
3.2 Company OSH programs are implemented as per
legal requirements.
3.3 Workers are capacity built on OSH standards and
procedures as per legal requirements

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 3.4 OSH-related records are maintained as per legal
requirements.

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Hazards may include  Physical hazards – impact, illumination, pressure,
but not limited to: noise,
 vibration, extreme temperature, radiation
 Biological hazards- bacteria, viruses, plants,
parasites, mites, molds, fungi, insects
 Chemical hazards – dusts, fibers, mists, fumes,
smoke, gasses, vapors
 Ergonomics
 Psychological factors – over exertion/ excessive
force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure,
 varying metabolic cycles
 Physiological factors – monotony, personal
relationship, work out cycle
 Safety hazards (unsafe workplace condition) –
confined space, excavations, falling objects, gas
leaks, electrical, poor storage of materials and
waste, spillage, waste and debris
 Unsafe workers’ act (Smoking in off-limited
areas, Substance and alcohol abuse at work)
2. Indicators may include  Increased of incidents of accidents, injuries
but not limited to:  Increased occurrence of sickness or health
complaints/ symptoms
 Common complaints of workers related to OSH
 High absenteeism for work-related reasons

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3. OSH concerns may  Workers’ experience/observance on presence of
include but not limited work hazards
to:  Unsafe/unhealthy administrative arrangements
(prolonged work hours, no break time, constant
overtime, scheduling of tasks)
 Reasons for compliance/non-compliance to use of
PPEs or other OSH procedures/policies/guidelines
4. Safety gears /PPE  Arm/Hand guard, gloves
(Personal Protective  Eye protection (goggles, shield)
Equipment) may  Hearing protection (ear muffs, ear plugs)
include but not limited  Hair Net/cap/bonnet
to:  Hard hat
 Face protection (mask, shield)
 Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
 Anti-static suits
 High-visibility reflective vest
5. Appropriate risk  Appropriate risk controls in order of impact are as
controls follows:
may include but not  Eliminate the hazard altogether (i.e., get rid of the
limited to: dangerous machine)
 Isolate the hazard from anyone who could be
harmed (i.e., keep the machine in a closed room
and operate it remotely; barricade an unsafe area
off)
 Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative (i.e.,
replace the machine with a safer one)
 Use administrative controls to reduce the risk (i.e.,
train workers how to use equipment safely; train
workers about the risks of harassment; issue
signage)
 Use engineering controls to reduce the risk (i.e.,
attach guards to the machine to protect users)
 Use personal protective equipment (i.e., wear
 gloves and goggles when using the machine)

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 6. Contingency measures  Evacuation
may include but not  Isolation
limited to:  Decontamination
 (Calling designed) emergency personnel
7. Incidents and  Chemical spills
emergencies may  Equipment/vehicle accidents
include but not  Explosion
limited to:  Fire
 Gas leak
 Injury to personnel
 Structural collapse
 Toxic and/or flammable vapors emission.
8. OSH-related Records  Medical/Health records
may include but not  Incident/accident reports
limited to:  Sickness notifications/sick leave application
 OSH-related trainings obtained

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Communication
 Interpersonal
 Presentation
 Risk assessment
 Evaluation
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving
 Negotiation

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 General OSH Principles
 Occupational hazards/risks recognition

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  OSH organizations providing services on OSH evaluation and/or work
environment measurements (WEM)
 National OSH regulations; company OSH policies and protocols
 Systematic gathering of OSH issues and concerns
 General OSH principles
 National OSH regulations
 Company OSH and recording protocols, procedures and policies/guidelines
 Training and/or counseling methodologies and strategies

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

Aspects of 1.1 Identified hazards in the workplace based their indicators
Competency 1.2 Evaluated workplace hazards based on legal requirements.
1.3 Addressed OSH concerns raised by workers as per legal
requirements.
1.4 Implemented hazard prevention and control measures as per
legal requirement.
1.5 Conducted risk assessment as per legal requirement.
1.6 Developed risk matrix based on likely impact.
1.7 Recognized and established contingency measures in
accordance with organization procedures.
1.8 Identified, evaluated and reviewed company OSH program
based on legal requirements.
1.9 Implemented company OSH programs as per legal
requirements.
1.10 Capacity built workers on OSH standards and procedures
as per legal requirements
1.11 Maintained OSH-related records as per legal requirements.
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.3 Access to relevant workplace where assessment can take
place
2.4 Appropriately simulated environment where assessment
can take place
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:

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 Assessment
3.1 Observation
3.2 Oral questioning
3.3 Written test
3.4 Portfolio of Evidence
3.5 Interview
3.6 Third party report
4. Context of Competency may be assessed:
Assessment 4.1 On-the-job
4.2 Off-the –job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

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 COMMON UNITS OF COMPETENCY

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 APPLY MATHEMATICS FOR STATISTICS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CC/01/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION:
This unit describes the competencies required by a technician in order to apply algebra
apply trigonometry and hyperbolic functions, apply complex numbers, apply coordinate
geometry, carry out binomial expansion, apply calculus, solve ordinary differential
equations, apply power series, apply statistics, apply numerical methods, apply vector
theory, apply matrix and apply quantitative techniques.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Apply Algebra 1.1 Calculations involving Indices are performed as per the
concept
1.2 Calculations involving Logarithms are performed as per
the concept
1.3 Scientific calculator is used in solving mathematical
problems in line with manufacturer’s manual
1.4 Solution to system of linear equations involving three
unknowns are performed as per the rules and procedure.
1.5 Calculations involving quadratic equations are
performed as per the concept.
1.6 Calculations involving sequence and series are
performed as per the concept
2. Apply Trigonometry 2.1 Calculations are performed using trigonometric rules
and hyperbolic 2.2 Calculations are performed using hyperbolic functions
functions 2.3 Calculations involving One-to-one relationship in
functions are performed
2.4 Calculations involving applications of trigonometry to
obtain area and perimeter of shapes and solids are
performed
2.5 Calculations involving hyperbolic identities are

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
performed

3. Apply complex 3.1 Complex numbers are represented using Argand

numbers diagrams
3.2 Operations involving complex numbers are performed
3.3 Calculations involving complex numbers are performed
using De Moivre’s theorem
3.4 Calculations involving conjugate argument and
Modulus are performed as per procedure
4. Apply Coordinate 4.1 Polar equations are calculated using coordinate
Geometry geometry
4.2 Graphs of given polar equations are drawn using the
Cartesian plane
4.3 Normal and tangents are determined using coordinate
geometry
5. Carry out Binomial 5.1 Roots of numbers are determined using binomial
Expansion theorem
5.2 Errors of small changes are estimated using binomial
theorem
5.3 Calculation involving Power series using binomial
theorem is performed as per the procedures
6. Apply Calculus 6.1 Derivatives of functions are determined using
Differentiation
6.2 Derivatives of hyperbolic functions are determined
using Differentiation
6.3 Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions are
determined using Differentiation
6.4 Rate of change and small change are determined using
Differentiation.
6.5 Calculation involving stationery points of functions of
two variables are performed using differentiation.
6.6 Integrals of algebraic functions are determined using
integration
6.7 Integrals of trigonometric functions are determined

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
using integration
6.8 Integrals of logarithmic functions are determined using
integration
6.9 Integrals of hyperbolic and inverse functions are
determined using integration
7. Solve Ordinary 7.1 First order and second order differential equations are
differential solved using the method of undetermined coefficients
equations 7.2 First order and second order differential equations are
solved from given boundary conditions
8. Apply Power Series 8.1 Power series are obtained using Taylor’s Theorem
8.2 Power series are obtained using McLaurin’s ‘s theorem
9. Apply Numerical 9.1 Roots of polynomials are obtained using iterative
methods numerical methods
9.2 Interpolation and extrapolation are performed using
numerical methods
10. Apply Vector theory 10.1 Vectors and scalar quantities are obtained in two
and three dimensions
10.2 Operations on vectors are performed
10.3 Position of vectors is obtained
10.4 Resolution of vectors is done
11. Apply Matrix 11.1 Determinant and inverse of 3x3 matrix are obtained
as per the method
11.2 Solutions of simultaneous equations in three
unknowns are obtained as per the procedure
11.3 Calculation involving Eigen values and Eigen
vectors are performed
12. Apply quantitative 12.1 The constrains are expressed in Standard Form as
techniques per the procedure
12.2 The Slack Variables are determined as per the
procedure
12.3 The Tableau is drawn and the coefficients and the
constrains indicated as per the procedure
12.4 Optimality Check is performed as per the

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
procedure
12.5 The Pivot Variable is Identified as per the
optimality results
12.6 The optimum solution is obtained as per the
procedure

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Variable Range

1 Operations may include but  Addition

not limited to:  Subtraction
2 Hyperbolic functions may  Sinh x
include but not limited to:  Cosh x
 Cosec x
 Coth x
 Tanh x
 Sech x
3 Numerical Methods may  Newton Raphson
include but not limited to:  Gregory Newton

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Applying fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Using and applying mathematical formulas
 Logical thinking
 Problem solving

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 Applying statistics
 Drawing graphs
 Using different measuring tools
Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication)
 Calculating area and volume
 Types and purpose of measuring instruments
 Units of measurement and abbreviations
 Rounding techniques
 Types of fractions
 Types of tables and graphs
 Presentation of data in tables and graphs
 Vector operations
 Matrix operations
 Statistics
 Simplex method

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.
1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
aspects of 1.1 Applied Trigonometry and hyperbolic functions
Competency 1.2 Applied complex numbers
1.3 Applied Calculus
1.4 Solved Ordinary differential equations
1.5 Applied Power Series
1.6 Applied Vector theory
1.7 Applied Matrix in solving system of linear equations
1.8 Applied Numerical methods
1.9 Apply simplex method in solving linear programming
problems
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment where assessment can take place
2.1 Measuring equipment

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 2.2 Materials relevant to the proposed activity or tasks
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Practical Tests
3.2 Oral Questioning
3.3 Written tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed
Assessment
4.1 On –Job
4.2 Off- Job
4.3 During Industrial Attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for
assessment

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 APPLY STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CC/02/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION:
This unit describes the competencies required by a statistician in order to apply statistical
concepts, apply statistical methods, apply statistical methods 2 and apply statistics for
business in a work place environment.
ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
1. Apply statistical 1.1 Definitions of key terms are done as per the statistical
concepts concepts
1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of types, importance and
limitations of statistics as per the required standard
1.3 Demonstrate knowledge of symbols used as per the
concepts
1.4 Demonstrate knowledge of levels of measurements as
per the data type
1.5 Data is classified and tabulated as per the class and
intervals
1.6 Demonstrate knowledge of sources and methods of data
collection
1.7 Graphical data presentation is performed as per the
procedures
1.8 Data compilation is performed as per the requirement
1.9 Calculations involving means, mode and median are
performed as per the procedures
1.10 Calculations involving measures of dispersion is
performed as per the procedures
2. Apply statistical 5.1 Demonstrate knowledge of techniques and types of
methods 1 sampling procedures as per the requirements
5.2 Demonstrate knowledge and calculations involving
population and samples. I.e. Statistic and parameter
as per the procedures

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
5.3 Knowledge about sampling distributions is
demonstrate as per the procedures
5.4 Knowledge and calculation involving probability
theory is demonstrated as per the procedures
5.5 Calculation involving probability distributions,
expected values etc. are performed as per the
procedures
5.6 Calculation involving moments and moments
generating functions is done as per the procedures
5.7 Knowledge and calculations involving central limit
theorem is performed as per the procedures
3. Apply statistical 3.1 Knowledge and calculation involving theory of
methods 2 estimation is performed as per the procedure
3.2 Pearson’s and spearman’s correlation coefficients
are calculated as per the procedures
3.3 Coefficients (slope and constant) of simple linear
regression are calculated as per the procedures
3.4 Estimation, forecasting or prediction in linear
regression is performed as per the predictor values.
3.5 Confidence intervals for regression parameters is
performed as per the procedure.
3.6 Test for significance of the models and goodness of
fit is done as per the procedure
3.7 Demonstrate knowledge of use of alternative
measures to determine goodness of for a regression
model.
3.8 Calculate and interpret coefficient of determination
(R2) for the regression model as per the procedure.
3.9 Demonstrate knowledge of multiple linear
regression as per the concept.
3.10 Demonstrate knowledge and use of logistic
regression in data analysis as per the concept.
3.11 Confidence intervals are calculated as per

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
the procedures
3.12 Demonstrate knowledge Rejection criteria in
hypothesis testing as per the procedure.
3.13 Demonstrate use of contingency tables to
determine critical values as per the procedure.
3.14 Decisions involving rejection and failure to
reject the null hypotheses is determ as per the
procedure
3.15 Test for normality and heteroscedasticity is
performed as per the procedure.
3.16 Comparison (Testing for equality) for the
means of two independent groups is done as per the
procedure.
3.17 Comparison of variances from two groups is
performed as per the procedures.
3.18 Comparison of two sample proportions is
done as per the procedures.
3.19 Calculations involving one sample and two
sample Wilcoxon tests in non-parametric tests is
performed as per the procedure.
3.20 Designs one way and two experiments as per
the procedure
4. Apply statistics 4.1 Calculations involving simple index numbers is
for business performed as per the procedures
4.2 Simple aggregative, weighted aggregative and
Index of weighted average is calculated as per the
procedure.
4.3 Knowledge in special issues and problems in
constructions of index numbers is demonstrate as
per the index numbers
4.4 Knowledge of time series data is demonstrated as
per the procedure
4.5 Trend, seasonal and irregular components of time

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the required
outcomes which make level of performance for each of the elements.
up workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range.
series data are determined as per the procedures
4.6 Forecasting using time series data is performed as
per the procedures
4.7 Demonstrate knowledge of definitions in economics
as per the concept
4.8 Calculations involving quantity demanded and
quantity supplied is performed as per the procedure
4.9 Use of matrix method in calculations involving
quantity demanded and quantity supplied as per the
procedure.
4.10 Knowledge and calculations statistical
quality control is demonstrated as per the
procedures.
4.11 Sampling and measurements is industrial
production is done as per workplace procedure.
4.12 Control limits in an industrial quality control
is determined as per the procedure.
4.13 Control charts are generated as per the data
4.14 Demonstrate professional ethics and
customer service in statistical consulting as per the
procedures.
4.15 Demonstrate knowledge statistical
consulting as per the industry
4.16 Demonstrate knowledge of professional
ethics and customer service in statistical consulting
is done as per the industry standard.

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance criteria
apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.
Range

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 May include but not limited to:
 Simple linear regression  y=a+bx
 Parameter estimates  Slope
 constants
 Probability Distributions  Binomial
 Poisson
 Normal
 Exponential

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.
Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Logical thinking
 Problem solving
 Drawing graphs
 Communication skills
Required knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Data presentation
 Data compilation
 Data organisation
 Measures of dispersion
 Measures of central tendency
 Types of data
 Parameter and statistic
 Sampling procedures
 Sampling distributions
 Probability theory
 Probability distributions
 Moments and moments generating functions
 Central limit theorem
 Theory of estimation

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EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Assessment requires evidence that the

aspects of candidate:
Competency 1.1 Demonstrate data collection tools and data
collection
1.2 Demonstrate data presentation techniques
1.3 Demonstrate data organisation techniques
1.4 Carry out calculations involving measures of
central tendency and dispersion
1.5 Demonstrate knowledge of sampling and
sampling procedures
1.6 Carry out calculations involving sampling
distributions
1.7 Obtain coefficients if simple linear regression
1.8 Demonstrate knowledge of multiple linear
regression
1.9 Carry out calculation involving confidence
intervals and test of hypothesis
1.10Designs a one way and two-way experiment
1.11Carry out calculation confidence intervals
and test of hypothesis
1.12Demonstrate knowledge and calculation
involving index numbers
1.13 Carry out calculation involving time series
1.14 Carry out statistical quality control
1.15 Carry out calculations involving central
limit theorem
1.16 Carry out calculations involving probability
distributions
1.17 Carry out calculations involving moments
and moments generating functions

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 2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications Access to relevant workplace or appropriately
simulated environment where assessment can
take place:
2.1 Measuring equipment for an industrial
quality control
2.2 Data sets
2.3 Computer
2.4 Statistical Software
2.5 Stationary
3. Methods of Competency in this unit may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Practical Tests
3.2 Oral Questioning
3.3 Written tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed
Assessment
4.1 On- job
4.2 Off-Job
4.3 During Industrial attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to
information for assessment the industry sector, workplace and job role is
recommended.

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 APPLY RESEARCH METHODS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CC/03/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to carry out statistical data management. It
involves formulating the research problem, carry out literature review, develop research
objectives, develop research design and sample design, develop research budget proposal
& time plan, collect research data, analyse collected research data, interpret findings and
present findings

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
1. Formulating the Research 1.1 The proposal title is stated as per the problem and
Problem general objectives/research questions/hypotheses.
1.2 The background of the study is outlined as per the
study problem.
1.3 The problem statement is formulated as per the
research proposal
1.4 Hypotheses are stated as per the research objectives.
1.5 The importance/significance of the study is stated as
per the problem statement.
2. Carry out Extensive 2.1 Literature is reviewed as per the problem statement
Literature Review 2.2 Information sources including citations and authors
relevant to the research is assessed and captured as
per the literature review.
2.3 Referencing is done as per the citations
2.4 Theoretical and conceptual framework are captured
as per the problem statement
3. Develop research 4.4 Research objectives are developed as per the
objectives research problem
4.5 Research objectives are stated as per the research
problem
4.6 Research hypotheses are formulated as per the
objective

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
4. Develop Research Design 4.1 Research design is determined as per the problem
and Sample Design statement.
4.2 The scientific methodology is captured as per the
problem statement.
4.3 The sample size is determined as per the procedure
5. Develop research budget 5.4 Direct costs are determined and estimated as per
proposal & Time plan the research design
5.5 Indirect costs are determined and estimated as per
the research design.
5.6 The budget narratives are captured as per the cost
estimates.
5.7 Total estimates are made and captured as per the
costs.
5.8 Time plan is developed as per stipulated time
6. Collect research Data 1.1 Use of proposed research design is demonstrated as
per the research proposal.
1.2 Knowledge of data ethics and confidentiality is
demonstrated as per the procedure.
1.3 Questionnaires are Digitised as per the procedure
1.4 Knowledge of law and human rights as well as
religious and cultural believes is demonstrated as
per the research.
1.5 Data collection is done as per the set research
design.
1.6 Representative samples are selected as per the
research design
7. Analyse collected research 7.1 Data processing techniques are applied as per the
Data procedures
7.2 Descriptive tools and techniques are applied as per
the procedures
7.3 Inferential data analysis tools are applied as per the
research design
8. Interpretation research 8.1 Descriptive outputs are interpreted as per the
findings summaries

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
8.2 Parameter estimates are interpreted as per the
statistical model output
8.3 Predictions are made as per the model estimates
8.4 Hypothesis are tested and decisions made as per the
problem
9. Present research findings 9.1 Report is prepared for presentation to stakeholders
and interested parties as per results
9.2 The findings are presented as per the workplace
procedure

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance
Criteria apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
Performance.

Variable Range

 Scientific methodology  Methods of data collection and analysis

may include but is not
limited to:
 Parameter estimates may  Slope
include but is not limited  constants
to:

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
 Sources of research problems
 Steps in formulation of a research problem
 Reviewing the literature
 Formulation of objectives

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  Research design
 Sample design
 Research instruments
 Piloting the questionnaire
 Collecting data
 Processing and analysing data
 Reporting the findings

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.
1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competency 1.1 Demonstrate knowledge of source of research problems
1.2 Demonstrate knowledge to formulation of a research a
problem
1.3 Demonstrate knowledge research objectives
1.4 Demonstrate knowledge of research hypothesis
1.5 Demonstrate knowledge of reviewing of literature
1.6 Demonstrate knowledge of citations and referencing
1.7 Demonstrate formulation of research objectives
1.8 Demonstrate knowledge of research designs
1.9 Demonstrate knowledge of research instruments
1.10Demonstrate knowledge of piloting of research instrument
1.11Demonstrate knowledge of data collection
2. Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Internet
2.3 Datasets
2.4 Books in statistics
2.5 Library books

3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:

Assessment 3.1 Oral questioning
3.2 Practical Tests
3.3 Witten Tets

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4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through a simulated work place
environment or during Industrial Attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

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 DEVELOP DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CC/04/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to carry out management of databases
systems. It involves identification of database management systems, designing of
database, Creation and manipulation of database, database testing, implementation of the
designed database, establishing transaction and concurrency mechanism and managing
database security.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
1. Identify database 1.1 Database requirements are established based on
management system user needs.
1.2 Main features in databases are identified according
to expected output.
1.3 Database components are identified as per the
database and user needs.
1.4 Classification and categories of databases is done
1.5 Functionality of databases is identified as per the
requirements
1.6 Suitable database system is adopted as per user
requirements
2. Design database system 2.1 Appropriate database structures are determined
2.2 Database design is implemented based on
requirements.
2.3 Database modelling is done as per the design
implemented
2.4 Database operations are performed

3. Create and manipulate 3.1 Appropriate data Attributes are applied

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
database system appropriately
3.2 Data relationships are established as per the tables
created
3.3 Model and index of the data is done.
3.4 Data is extracted from database using SQL

4. Perform database testing 4.1 Test data is prepared according to the database
design
4.2 Run the test data based on the expected output
4.3 Check the test results based on the clients’ needs
4.4 Validate the results based on the client’s needs
4.5 Report the findings as per the results.

5. Implement designed 5.1 Scope is defined as per the design

database 5.2 Organize database project according to time frame
5.3 Select database management system products
5.4 Develop initial implementation plan and schedule
5.5 Design the database
5.6 Install and test database
5.7 Develop detailed conversion plan
5.8 Convert existing applications
5.9 Fine tune the database
5.10 Perform training
5.11 Periodically review database performance
6. Establish transaction and 6.1 Transaction mechanisms used in database
concurrency mechanism management system are identified
6.2 Management of multiple transactions in database
management system are identified

7. Manage database security 7.1 Restriction of access to the database is established

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
(Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the Range)
7.2 Backup and recovery methods are identified and
implemented.

RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance
Criteria apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
Performance.

Variable Range

1. Database components may  Software

include but is not limited  Hardware
to:  Data
 Procedures
 Database Access Language
 Query Processor
 Run Time Database Manager
 Data Manager
 Database Engine
 Data Dictionary
 Report Writer
2. Database structures may  Record Types.
include but is not limited  Fields.
to:
3. Database operations may  INSERT
include but is not limited  SELECT
to:  UPDATE
 DELETE

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 Variable Range

4. data Attributes may  Atomic Attribute

include but is not limited  Composite Attribute
to:  Single Valued Attribute
 Multi Valued Attribute
 Stored Attribute
 Derived Attribute
 Null Valued Attribute

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

KNOWLEDGE
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
 Database management system types
 Database manipulation and creation
 Types of database testing
 Database testing techniques
 Database structures and operations
 Data Models, Attributes and relationships
 Transactions and concurrency mechanisms
 Database design and implementation methods
 Database security features

SKILLS
 Communications (verbal and written);
 Proficient in ICT;
 Time management;
 Analytical
 Problem solving;
 Planning;
 Decision making;

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  Report writing;

EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.
1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competency 1.1 Established Database requirements
1.2 Identified database components
1.3 Adopted a Suitable database system
1.4 Performed Database operations
1.5 Applied Appropriate Data Attributes
1.6 Extracted data from database using SQL
1.7 Performed test data and validated the results
1.8 Identified transaction and concurrency mechanisms
1.9 Established restrictions to the database

2. Resource The following resources must be provided:

Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Servers
2.3 Database Software

3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:

Assessment 3.1 Oral questioning
3.2 Practical Tests
3.3 Written Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through a simulated work place
environment or During Industrial Attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 71

© 2019 TVET CDACC 72
 MANAGE STATISTICAL DATA

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CC/05/6/A

UNIT DESCRIPTION
This unit covers the competencies required to carry out statistical data management. It
involves data management using excel, R, SPSS and python.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT (Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the
Range)
1. Manage statistical data 1.1 Applied coding and validation of data as per the
on excel spreadsheet procedure.
1.2 Applied Multiple-key sorting as per the procedure
1.3 Applied Sorting of data based on custom lists as
per the procedure
1.4 Applied creating single- and multi-level subtotals
as per the procedure.
1.5 Applied Filtering of data using text, numeric, date
etc. as per the data headers
1.6 Applied Filtering of tables using slicers as per the
procedures
1.7 Applied use of Advanced Filter as per the data
structures
1.8 Applied knowledge of eliminating duplicate data
as per the duplicates
1.9 Applied Use of SUMIF and related functions for
quick data analysis as per the procedures
1.10 Applied use of Index & Match as per the
procedures
1.11 Applied Conditional Formatting as per the data
1.12 Applied knowledge of Filtering & Sorting as
per the procedures
1.13 Applied knowledge of Find & Replace as per

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT (Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the
Range)
the procedures
1.14 Applied use of data analysis tool as per the
procedures
1.15 Interpretation of results from data analysis tool
is done as per the coefficients

2. Manage statistical data in 2.1 Installed R Programming Language & R Studio as

R per the procedure
2.2 Installed Install R Packages as per the procedure
2.3 Created variables in R as per the data
2.4 Performed Arithmetic calculation in R as per the
data
2.5 Built data structures in R as per the data
2.6 Used built-in functions in R as per the required
operations and function
2.7 Used character functions in R as per the required
procedure
2.8 Used Statistical Probability and density
Functions in R as per the required data
2.9 Use other related functions in R as per the required
output
2.10 Applied Importation of data into R as per the
required format
2.11 Applied Sorting of Data in R as per the data
2.12 Merged data in R per the procedure
2.13 Perform Aggregation in R as per the
procedures
2.14 Applied Basic Statistics I.e. Mean, variance,
median etc. in R as per the procedure
2.15 Generated Static graphics in R i.e. Basic plots,
graphic maps etc. as per the procedure
2.16 Applied data analysis in R as per the
procedures.

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT (Bold and italicised terms are elaborated in the
Range)
3. Manage statistical data 3.1 Created variables in SPSS as per the procedure
on SPSS 3.2 Entered data in SPSS as per the procedure
3.3 Coded data in SPSS as per the data
3.4 Imported data from other sources to SPSS as per
the data format.
3.5 Applied commands in SPSS as per the function
3.6 Merged data in SPSS as per the data headers
3.7 Generated graphs and charts in SPSS as per the
data
3.8 Performed various data Transformation in SPSS
as per the procedure
3.9 Performed data analysis using SPSS as per the
model.
4. Manage statistical data 4.1 Applied Python Basic operations as per the
on Python python procedures
4.2 Applied python Functions and Modules as per
the procedures
4.3 Performed Mathematical operations in python as
per the developers
4.4 Performed Strings operations on Python as per the
developer’s procedures
4.5 Applied Sequences, Dictionaries, and Sets on
python as per the developers’ procedures
4.6 Performed python Flow Control functions as per
the developers’ procedures
4.7 Applied File Processing in python as per the
developers’ procedures
4.8 Applied Exception Handling on python as per the
developer’s procedures
4.9 Performed operations on Dates and Times as per
the developer’s procedures
4.10 Run Python Scripts from the Command Line
as per the developer’s procedures

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RANGE
This section provides work environment and conditions to which the performance
Criteria apply. It allows for different work environment and situations that will affect
Performance.

Variable Range

1. Python Basic  Literals

operations may  Python Comments
include but is not  Data Types
limited to:  Variables
 Writing a Python Module
 print () Function
 Naming Arguments
 Collecting User Input

2. Python Functions and  Defining Functions

Modules may include  Variable Scope
but is not limited to:  Global Variables
 Function Parameters
 Returning Values
 Importing Modules

3. Mathematical  Arithmetic Operators

operations may  Modulus and Floor Division
include but is not  Assignment Operators
limited to:  Built-in Math Functions
 The math Module
 The random Module
 Seeding

4. Strings operations may  Quotation Marks and Special Characters

include but is not  String Indexing

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 Variable Range

limited to:  Slicing Strings

 Concatenation and Repetition
 Common String Methods
 String Formatting
 Built-in String Function

5. Flow Control  Conditional Statements

functions may include  The is and is not Operators
but is not limited to:  Python's Ternary Operator
 Loops in Python
 The enumerate () Function
 Generators
 List Comprehensions

6. File Processing may  Opening Files

include but is not  The os and os.path Modules
limited to:

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

KNOWLEDGE
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
 Use of various menus and functions in excel
 Use of various menus and functions in SPSS
 Use of various functions in R
 Use of various functions in python
 Interpretation of outputs in Excel, r and SPSS
 Computer applications
SKILLS
 Communication skills
 ICT skills

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EVIDENCE GUIDE

This provides advice on assessment and must be in conjunction with the performance
criteria, required knowledge and understanding and range.
1. Critica Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
l Aspects of 1.1 Demonstrated knowledge of coding of data
Competency 1.2 Demonstrated knowledge of data entry
1.3 Demonstrate knowledge of sorting of data
1.4 Demonstrated knowledge eliminating duplicates
in applications in excel
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of filtering of data
1.6 Demonstrated knowledge of manipulating data
1.7 Demonstrated knowledge of generating graphs, charts and
tables
1.8 Demonstrated knowledge generating parameter estimates for
regression models
1.9 Demonstrated knowledge of generating an ANOVA table
1.10 Demonstrated knowledge generating random numbers
1.11 Demonstrated knowledge running time series and
obtaining its components
1.2 Demonstrated knowledge of use of R as a statistical package
for data analysis
1.3 Demonstrated knowledge of use of SPSS as a statistical
package for data analysis
1.4 Demonstrated knowledge of use of python as a statistical
package for data analysis
2. Resour The following resources must be provided:
ce Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Internet
2.3 Datasets
2.4 Books in statistics

3. Metho Competency may be assessed through:

ds of Assessment

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 3.1 Oral questioning
3.2 Practical demonstration
3.3 Observation
3.4 Written texts
4. Conte Competency may be assessed individually in the actual
xt of Assessment workplace or through a simulated work place
environment or During Industrial Attachment.
5. Guida Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
nce information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for assessment

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 CORE UNITS OF COMPETENCY

© 2019 TVET CDACC 80

 DEVELOP RESEARCH CONCEPTS

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/01/6/A

Unit description
This unit describes the skills, knowledge and competences required to: Formulate a
research problem, objectives/hypothesis, develop research proposal/literature review,
develop sampling procedures, develop data collection tools, develop data analysis
framework, develop research budget proposal & time plan, pilot data collection tools,
analyse pilot data and validate data collection tools

It applies to leaders or managers using applied research to ensure learning can enhance
individual, team and organisational performance. The intended purpose and approach to
applied research may vary across a range of contexts and organisations. In this unit, the
focus is on applied research to attain improved organisational outcomes.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Elements describe the Performance criteria describe the performance needed to
essential outcomes. demonstrate achievement of the element.
1. Formulate a research 1.1 The proposal title is stated as per the problem and
problem, general objectives/research questions/hypotheses.
objectives/hypothesis
1.2 The background of the study is outlined as per the study
problem.
1.3 The problem statement is formulated as per the research
proposal
1.4 Hypotheses are stated as per the research objectives.
2. Develop research 2.1 The importance/significance of the study is stated as per
proposal/literature the problem statement.
review
2.2 Research design is determined as per the problem
statement.
2.3 Information sources including citations and authors
relevant to the research is assessed and captured as per

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
the problem statement.
2.4 The scientific methodology is captured as per the
problem statement.
2.5 Relevant research ethics and codes of conduct are
reviewed as per the research proposal and target group.
3. Develop sampling 3.1 The population characteristics are determined as per
procedures the target population
3.2 The sample size is determined based on statistical
procedures
3.3 The sampling method is determined as per the
population characteristics
4. Develop data 4.1 Data collection questions are determined as per the
collection tools research objectives
4.2 Tool (s) for collecting data is identified as per
research design
4.3 The tool (s) is developed as per the research
hypotheses
5. Develop data 5.1 The appropriate tools are selected as per the research
analysis framework design.
5.2 The constructs/items of the research tools are
determined based on the
hypotheses/objectives/research question.
5.3 Appropriate tools for use in data collection are
developed as per the type of data and available
resources.
6. Develop research 6.1 Direct costs are determined and estimated as per the
budget proposal & research design
Time plan
6.2 Indirect costs are determined and estimated as per the
research design.
6.3 The budget narratives are captured as per the cost

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
estimates.
6.4 Total estimates are made and captured as per the
costs.
6.5 Time plan is developed as per stipulated time
7. Pilot data collection 7.1 Stationeries and other material are procured and
tools organized as per the workplace procedures.
7.2 Data collection tools are prepared as per the number
of respondents.
7.3 Data collection tools are piloted as per the research
design
8. Analyse pilot data 8.1 Piloted data is entered and analysed as per the
and validate data methodology
collection tools
8.2 Reliability and validity tests are performed as per the
procedure
8.3 Data collection tools are validated as per the analysis
results and responses

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

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 1. Prepare research  Research purpose and needs of the target group
concept may  Statement of a problem
include but not  research strategy and hypothesis
limited to:  sources of information and contributors relevant to
the research
 available literature on other similar researches
2. Research design  applied research methods, theories and suitable
may include but data collection techniques
not limited to.  appropriate methods for use to gather research
data
3. Research tools may  questionnaires
include but is not  emails
limited to:  calls
 list
 interview guides
 audio recording
 observation
 experimental etc.
4. Direct costs may  transport/travel
include but is not  stationary
limited to:  wages
5. Indirect costs may  Administrative
include but is not  Miscellaneous
limited to

Required skills and Knowledge

The trainee needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Communication skills
 Data collection techniques
 Data analysis methods including the use of technology and technology services
 ICT literacy skills
 Research skills
 Report writing skills
 Use of Internet
 Citation and Referencing skills

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 Laws relating to piracy and plagiarism
 Development of data collection tools
 Legal requirements, policies, procedures and guidelines relating to research including
handling storing data and freedom of information
 Research ethics and codes of conduct
 Applied research tools and methods and their applications.
 Research design

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills, knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Formulated a research proposal or plan as per the
problem
1.2 Specified and stated the research questions as per the
objectives
1.3 Stated the hypotheses as the objectives
1.4 Formulated the research budget and costing as the
research design
1.5 Developed research design as per the set objectives
1.6 Developed data collection tools as per the research design
1.7 Planned and conducted research as per the research
design
1.8 Determined sample size as per the procedures
1.9 Described the geographical, cultural, social or
institutional context within which the research will be
carried out as per the procedure
1.10 Analysed the limitations to research design
including the reliability and validity of data as per the
problem statement.
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Printer
2.3 Printing papers

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 2.4 Stationary
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Practical Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment or during
Industrial Attachment.
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

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 COLLECT AND MANAGE RESEARCH DATA

UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/02/6/A

Unit description
This unit specifies the competencies required to collect and manage research data. It
involves, preparing data collection tools and equipment, selecting a representative
sample, carrying out data collection, preparing code book, entering research data/merging
to servers, performing data clean-up, developing, and storing data source files.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Prepare data collection 1.1 Data collection tools are printed and stapled as per
tools and equipment the number of respondents.
1.2 Stationeries and other material are procured and
organized as per the workplace procedures.
2. Select a representative 2.1 The representative sample is determined as per the
sample statistical procedure
2.2 The representative sample is selected as per the
research methods
3. Carry out data 3.1 Use of proposed research design is demonstrated as
collection per the research proposal.
3.2 Knowledge of data ethics and confidentiality is
demonstrated as per the procedure.
3.3 Knowledge of law and human rights as well as
religious and cultural believes is demonstrated as per
the research.
3.4 Data collection is done as per the set research
design.
4. Prepare code book 4.1 Codes are prepared as per the variable and
responses.
4.2 The codebook is prepared as per the codes.

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 4.3 Code book is tested as per the available data
5. Enter research 5.1 The data is captured in the codebook as per the data
data/Upload to servers collection tool.
5.2 The serial number in the codebook is recorded on the
face of the questionnaire as it appears on the
codebook.
5.3 Data entered is stored as per the organisation
procedures.
6. Perform data clean-up 6.1 The raw data clean-up is done to as per the
procedures.
6.2 Ensuring that raw data is consistent with
expectations and reasonable ranges is done as per the
procedures.
6.3 Missing data variables and errors are handled as per
the procedures.
7. Store data source files 7.1 Data source files are filled, labelled and coded as per
the workplace filling procedures
7.2 The data source files are stored as per the
organisation procedure.

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. Data collection tools  Questionnaires
may include but is not  Emails
limited to:  Call records
 Lists
 Measurement tools
 Interview records etc.
2. Data collection may  Observation
include but is not  Using a questionnaire
limited to:  Measurements
 Counting etc.

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 3. Data clean-up may  Handling missing data
include but is not  Handling outliers
limited to  Handling outliers etc.

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Organisational skills
 Problem solving skills
 Communication skills
 Leadership skills
 Confidentiality
 Data collection skills
 ICT literacy skills
 Report writing skills
 Use of Internet

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Organization work procedure and processes
 Law relating to confidentiality of research data
 Research methods
 research design
 data ethics and procedures
 laws and human rights
 sampling
 data storage
 data cleaning
 data entry
 data coding
 data collection methods

EVIDENCE GUIDE

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This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills, knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Demonstrated knowledge of Research design
1.2 Demonstrated data collection skills
1.3 Developed a code book as per the variables in the data
collection tool
1.4 Entered research data as per the responses in the collection
tool
1.5 Performed data clean-up as per the procedure
1.6 Stored the entered data as per the organisation procedures
1.7 Demonstrate knowledge of sampling skills
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Printers
2.2 Computer
2.3 Means of transport
2.4 Stationary
2.5 Internet
2.6 Telephone
2.7 Reagents for clinical and biological data
2.8 Appropriate apparatus and equipment for experimental data
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Practical Tests
3.5 Oral questioning
4. Context of 4.1 Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these or during Industrial Attachment.

5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry

information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 90

 PERFORM DESCRIPTIVE DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT CODE: UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/03/6/A

Unit description
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform descriptive data analysis. The
analysis describes the basic features of the data in a study. they provide simple
summaries about the sample and the measures used in the data. The unit involves, receive
data from primary or secondary source, perform further clean up if from secondary
source, apply descriptive statistical tools, record descriptive statistics output, interpret
output and prepare report, prepared presentation tools

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT These are assessable statements which specify
These describe the key outcomes the required level of performance for each of the
which make up workplace elements.
function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the
Range
1. Receive data from primary or 1.1 Data is received as per the workplace
secondary source procedures
1.2 Data is imported from storage database as per
the procedures
1.3 Data is converted into relevant format as
appropriate as per the available software.
2. Perform further clean up if 2.1 Missing values are handled as per the
from secondary source procedure.
2.2 Inconsistent values are handled as per the
procedure
2.3 Outliers are handled as per the procedure
2.4 New variables are created as per the clean-up
needs
3. Apply descriptive statistical 3.1 Descriptive tools and techniques are applied
tools as per the procedures
3.2 Percentages, ratios and proportions from the
data are generated as per the procedure

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 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT These are assessable statements which specify
These describe the key outcomes the required level of performance for each of the
which make up workplace elements.
function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the
Range
3.3 Summary, frequency tables and charts are
generated and analysed as per the data and
procedure.
3.4 Ungrouped data is grouped as per the
required classes size and number of classes.
4. Record descriptive statistics 4.1 The results obtained are recorded as per the
output summary output.
4.2 The report is prepared as per the descriptive
output
5. Interpret output and prepare 5.1 Descriptive outputs are interpreted as per the
report. summaries
5.2 A report is prepared for presentation to
stakeholders and interested parties as per
results
5.3 Report formatting is done as per the
workplace procedure
6. Prepared presentation tools 5.1 Presentation template is prepared as per the
report.
5.2 Presentation tools and equipment’s are
prepared and assembles as per the workplace
procedure
5.3 The template is presented to the relevant
stakeholders as per the workplace procedure.

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range

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 1. Available  Excel
Software may  R
include but is not  SPSS
limited to:  Stata
 Minitab
 GenStat etc.
2. relevant format  excel
includes but is not  SPSS
limited to:
3. Descriptive  Frequency tables
statistical tools  Charts
include but is not  Graphs
limited to  Summaries e.g. Percentages, ratios, proportions
4. Charts may  Linear Graphs
include but is not  Histogram
limited to:  Pie charts
 Bar graphs
 Scatter plot
 Stemplots etc.

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Analytical Skills
 Teamwork
 Problem solving
 Decision making
 Concentration
 Attention to detail
 Able to meet deadlines
 Communication skills
 Leadership skills
 Presentation skills

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Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Computer applications e.g. Excel, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint etc.
 Generating frequency tables, charts, line graphs, histogram, stemplot, bar graphs
etc.
 Descriptive statistics

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Summary and or frequency tables are generated using
software of choice as per the data.
1.2 Graphs and charts etc. are generated using a software of
choice as per the data
1.3 PowerPoint presentation is prepared as per the generated
results
1.4 The results are presented to stakeholders as per the
workplace procedures.

2. Resource The following resources should be provided:

Implications 2.1 Computer with software i.e. R, SPSS, excel etc.
2.2 Projector
2.3 Seminar, board rooms or a presentation room.
2.4 Stationary
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Oral questioning
3.5 Written Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be
undertaken in a closely simulated workplace environment or
During Industrial Attachment.
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry

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 information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

PERFORM INFERENTIAL DATA ANALYSIS

UNIT CODE: UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/04/6/A

Unit description
This unit specifies the competencies required to perform inferential data analysis. It
involves applying data transformation techniques, creating new variables, performing
statistical model selection, obtaining parameter estimates, interpreting analysis results,
preparing analysis report and preparing finding’s presentation

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Apply data 1.1 Testing for statistical assumption is done as per the
transformation distribution
techniques 1.2 Data transformation is done as per the required
assumptions
1.3 Transformed data is presented using a number of
significant figures and decimal places.
2. Create new variables. 2.1 New variable names are created as per the data
transformation
2.2 The transformed data is stored in new variable as per
the transformation
2.3 The old variables are replaced as per the
transformation
3. Perform statistical 3.1 Independent and dependent variables are defined as
model selection per the problem statement
3.2 Run a complete statistical model with all the
variables as per the problem statement
3.3 Select the variables as per the generated p-values and

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
estimates
3.4 Select the best distribution/statistical model based
on the adjusted coefficient of determination.
4. Obtain parameter 4.1 Generate parameter estimates as per the selected
estimates. model.
4.2 The test statistics to determine the significance of the
test results are carried out as per the models.
4.3 The goodness of fit test is performed as per the
procedure
5. Interpret analysis 5.1 Parameter estimates are interpreted as per the
results. statistical model output
5.2 Predictions are made as per the model estimates
5.3 Hypothesis are tested and decisions made as per the
problem statement
5.4 The confidence interval is interpreted as per the data
6. Prepare analysis report. 1.1 The analysis results are written and the report
prepared as per the workplace procedures.
1.2 The conclusions and recommendations are made as
per the results and problem statement.
1.3 Need for and an appropriate approach to further
research is identified and recommended as per the
research findings.
1.4 Research finding adherence to any legal
requirements is determined as per the ethical
requirements
2. Prepare findings 2.1 A PowerPoint presentation is prepared and the report
presentation presented to the stakeholders as per the workplace
procedures.
2.2 The analysis report is presented to the management
and stakeholders as per the workplace procedures

RANGE

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This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
 Data transformation may  Squares
include but is not limited  Square roots
to:  Reciprocals
 Powers
 Logarithms
 Differences
 Sums
 Testing for statistical  Test for normality
assumption may include  Test for linearity
but is not limited to:  Test for equality of variance
 Test for homogeneity
 Test for heteroscedasticity
 Distribution may include  Normal
but is not limited to:  Poisson
 Binomial
 Statistical model may  Simple Linear regression
include but is not limited  Multiple linear regression
to  ANOVA

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Creative thinking
 Use of computer and software
 Analytical skills
 Communication skills
 Presentation techniques
 Reporting methods

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  Problem solving
 Social trends, cultural, environmental context

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Variable types
 Introduction to Probability theory
 Probability distributions
 statistically analysis of data and identification of possible trends and confirmation
of reliability
 Statistical models
 Test of hypothesis
 Use of statistical tables
 Use of data analysis software
 Parametric tests
 Preparation of PowerPoint presentation

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 The data is prepared for analysis as per the transformations
done
1.2 Model is selected as per the significance of the model
parameters
1.3 Parameter estimates are generated based on the selected
model
1.4 The parameter estimated are interpreted as per the model
1.5 Computed values are compared with critical statistical
table values as per the distribution
1.6 Ability to use of a statistical software is demonstrated as
per the models used
1.7 Conclusions and recommendations are made as per the
problem statement and hypothesis tested.
1.8 Used communication strategies involving statistical

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 inferences and outputs.
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Internet
2.3 Statistical software
2.4 Stationery
2.5 Printer
3. Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.1 Portfolio Assessment
3.2 Interview
3.3 Case Study/Situation
3.4 Oral questioning
3.5 Practical Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment or During
Industrial Attachment.
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information for sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 99

 DESIGN RESEARCH EXPERIMENTS

UNIT CODE: UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/05/6/A

Unit description
This unit specifies the competencies required to design experiments. It involves recognise
and develop statement of the problem, Determine the treatments and outcome variables,
Design research experiments, Conduct the experiment, analyse experimental data, write
report, draw conclusions and make recommendation sand making recommendations.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Recognise and develop 1.1 The problem statement is developed as per the
statement of the workplace procedures.
problem 1.2 Research objectives are stated as per the problem
statement.
1.3 The null and alternative hypothesis are stated as per
the research objectives.
2. Determine the 2.1 The levels of treatment(s) are determined based on
treatments and outcome research objectives.
variables 2.2 The outcome variables are determined as per the
research objectives.
3. Design research 3.1 The research site is identified as based on problem
experiments statement.
3.2 The study population is defined based on problem
statement.
3.3 The data collection tools are identified based on the
data to be collected.
3.4 Randomization criteria is determined as per the
levels of treatment.
3.5 A control experiment is set as per the problem
statement
3.6 The manual data spreadsheet is prepared as per the

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ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
treatments.
4. Conduct the experiment 4.1 The site is prepared based on the levels of treatments
4.2 The plots are prepared based on the population or
site
4.3 Treatment are applied to the plots based on
randomisation
4.4 The outcome variable is measured based on the
treatments
4.5 The data is recorded as per the measurements.
5. Analyse experimental 5.1 The various assumptions of Analysis of variance
data (ANOVA) are checked and explained as per the
methodology.
5.2 The ANOVA is performed as per the procedures
5.3 The ANOVA output is explained as per the results
and the information required.
5.4 Sources of variation are explained as per the results
obtained
6. Write report, draw 2.3 Conclusions are drawn and recorded as per the
conclusions and make results and the problem statement.
recommendations 2.4 Recommendations are made as per the results and
conclusions made.
2.5 Recommendations are implemented as per the
workplace procedures.
2.6 The analysis results are written and the report
prepared as per the workplace procedures.
2.7 Need for and an appropriate approach to, further
research is identified and recommended as per the
research findings.

© 2019 TVET CDACC 101

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
 levels may include but is  The settings or possible values of a factor
not limited to: in an experimental design e.g.
 5g, 10g or 20g of fertilizer A
 10ml, 15ml or 20ml of syrup B

 treatments may include  amount or type fertilizer

but is not limited to:  type and dosage of drug
 Levels of temperature etc.
 Education level
 Teaching method etc.

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Creative thinking
 Use of computer and software to design random experiments
 Analytical skills
 Communication skills
 Numeracy skills
 Presentation techniques
 Reporting methods

Required Knowledge

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The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Assumptions in using ANOVA
 Randomisation
 Completely randomised block design
 Experiments with random factors
 Using ANOVA in CRBD
 Pooling variance (within and between samples)

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Demonstrated knowledge of designing a research experiment
1.2 Demonstrated knowledge designing an experiment with
replications, blocking, randomisation etc.
1.3 Demonstrated knowledge designing a manual spreadsheet
and capturing experimental data.
1.4 Demonstrated knowledge analysing experimental data using
ANOVA
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of interpreting ANOVA results
and writing a report
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Internet
2.3 Statistical software
2.4 Stationery
2.5 Measuring tools
2.6 Treatments
3. Methods of 3.1 Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.2 Portfolio Assessment
3.3 Interview
3.4 Case Study/Situation
3.5 Oral questioning
3.6 Written Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a

© 2019 TVET CDACC 103

 Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment or During
Industrial Attachment
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 104

 IMPROVE PROCESS QUALITY

UNIT CODE: UNIT CODE: MATH/OS/AS/CR/06/6/A

Unit description
This unit specifies the competencies required to improve industrial process quality. It
involves determining process quality characteristics (attributes and/or variables),
developing sampling plans, collecting quality-control data, performing Statistical Process
Control (SPC), Preparing and interpreting control charts.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
1. Determine process 1.1 Measurement outcome is determined as per
quality characteristics product specification
(attributes and/or 1.2 Outcome is classified as per the measurement.
variables) 1.3 Controls tools are determined as per the
workplace procedures
2. Develop sampling plans 2.1 Sampling plan is developed a to as per the
workplace procedure
2.2 Probability of lot rejection is determined at each
sampling levels as per sampling plan.
2.3 Develop a sample selection criterion as per the
workplace procedure.
3. Collect quality-control 3.1 Select the samples to be measured as per the
data develop selection plan.
3.2 Selected samples are measured the as per the
quality specifications.
3.3 The measurements are recorded as per the
determined measurement
4. Perform Statistical 4.1 The standard deviation is computed as per the
Process Control (SPC) collected data.
4.2 The control limits are determined as per the
sampled data.

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 ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
These describe the key These are assessable statements which specify the
outcomes which make up required level of performance for each of the elements.
workplace function. Bold and italicized terms are elaborated in the Range
4.3 Statistical process control is done as per the set
process limits and the observed data.
5. Prepare and interpret 5.1 The control charts are prepared as per
control charts measurements.
5.2 The control chart is interpreted as per the sampled
data.
5.3 Recommendations on the production process are
made as per the control charts.

RANGE
This section provides work environments and conditions to which the performance
criteria apply. It allows for different work environments and situations that will affect
performance.

Variable Range
1. control charts may  X chart
include but not limited  R-chart
to:  np-chart
 c-chart
 S2chart

2. control limits may  upper control limit

include but not limited  centreline
to:  lower control limit
3. Sampling plan may  Single Sampling Plan
include but not limited  Double Sampling Plan
to:  Sequential Sampling Plan

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This section describes the skills and knowledge required for this unit of competency.

© 2019 TVET CDACC 106

Required Skills
The individual needs to demonstrate the following skills:
 Creative thinking
 Use of computer and software to generate random numbers
 Analytical skills
 Communication skills
 Numeracy skills
 Accuracy in measurements
 Organisation skills

Required Knowledge
The individual needs to demonstrate knowledge of:
 Randomisation
 Acceptance sampling
 Control charts
 Standard deviation charts
 R charts
 X-bar charts
 np charts
 Statistical control process
 Validation of measurements process

EVIDENCE GUIDE
This provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the
performance criteria, required skills and knowledge and range.

1. Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:

of Competency 1.1 Demonstrate knowledge of Process quality characteristics to
be used.
1.2 Demonstrated knowledge of developing, selecting and apply
sampling plans to a process.
1.3 Demonstrated knowledge of measuring selected samples.
1.4 Demonstrated knowledge of performing statistical process
control (SPC)
1.5 Demonstrated knowledge of interpreting control charts
2. Resource The following resources should be provided:

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 Implications 2.1 Computer
2.2 Internet
2.3 Statistical software
2.4 Stationery
2.5 Measuring tools
3. Methods of 3.1 Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment 3.2 Portfolio Assessment
3.3 Interview
3.4 Case Study/Situation
3.5 Oral questioning
3.6 Written Tests
4. Context of Competency may be assessed on the job, off the job or a
Assessment combination of these. Off the job assessment must be undertaken
in a closely simulated workplace environment.
5. Guidance Holistic assessment with other units relevant to the industry
information sector, workplace and job role is recommended.
for assessment

© 2019 TVET CDACC 108