Physics Laboratory L United International University... ae . 2 Name; Mubarereat Hossain Chondhuny 1p; 021 221 075 Section: A Group: 04 Trimester: Spring 224. Date: 05/03/23 Experiment No. 03 Name of the Experiment: Determination of the frequency of a tuning fork by Melde’s apparatus. Theory: When a tuning fork is excited and held near a stretched string, transverse vibrations are propagated along the string with a velocity, ir ™ Where, Tis the tension of the string and m is its mass per unit length. Ifthe plane of vibration of the fork is perpendicular to the string, the frequency of vibration of the string is equal to that of the fork, while if they are parallel, the frequency is half that of the fork. The wavelength is therefore 2 F for parallel Y for perpendicular vibrations and 2 vibrations, where f represents the frequency of the fork. For a given tension 7, if the length of the string is properly adjusted so as to make its total length equal to an integral multiple of 12, then the stationary wave pattern will be formed. If Te the length of a single loop (distance between successive nodes), then when the fork vibrates perpendicular to the string, the value of /is given by the relation, nm When the fork vibrates parallel to the string, then a2 /Z.1 (0 I= & & Ifa load of Wis applied to the string to keep it tight and Mpis the mass ofthe scale pan, then the total load applied is M= W + M, and the tension of he string is T= Mg dynes. Hence the 2 equations become, 1 [Mg Vm’ for perpendicular vibrationPhysics Laboratory Apparatus: © Melde’s apparatus © Thread © Wooden clamps Experimental Data: (A) Mass of the scale pan, M, = (B) Length of the sample thread, L = Mass of the sample thread, M= Thus, mass per unit length of the thread, m= (©) _ Longitudinal position © Meter scale © Weight box and balance © Rubber mallet etc, M. L No. an er Distance ba = ae aay | =r atus | the pins, c | Haneen uy [ny | rey | em | ON 1 o [oiets.¢ | 12 4 al iva 58-88 3 | do 53.2 Q (D) Transverse position wo | “ten rea of | scale = + Mie obs. Ww ‘any |_ om) 1} o |2J814.8 | 90 S 18 [5028 2[ 5 |eczi4.g [425 | C [20.43] 52.69 |58-12 3 [40 [216148 ]432 G | 22 [54-39 Calculation: For Longitudinal postion: For Sm, a For Transverse position: Fee 5m, += . fe ee ice fess = hf 2ot4. 8 - 4 [Res © 40N “a7 95 ya" Bxg083 N 4.789 x de? a : $ hewoge fee : ch B.d8 Tae RO 50.284 56.694 55.29 J. Average , | . . Result: = 5%-92 (tH) verse f= ———— ZF ‘The frequency of the tuning fork is, f =| 9.824581) 58,47 be) 3 58-42 (He)Physics Laboratory Discussions: What is traveling wave and standing wave? How does standing wave differ from traveling, 2 |e in which the petitions of Trotman and wirimam amltbde reavel Abcough the rnedium is lmown as a travelling wave. Standing wave is @ combindion of two waves vewving In opposite dizeefions, each havirg he same amplide and frequence, “ Traveling Wave! ‘Standing Wave! ® “Treen epergy Dds vel drerypad over. Doon nl be NededAnbae! Q rel hme NeleL Anbrkes Pehl QE xenple: Jeean waver, snd tae, ltl waves els KA)Exanple: Guilere shings, Ong PipeS ek. {Q¢ In this experiment why itis necessary to observe that resonance have occurred? * In dhis experiment, we work the Srequency of the Hhread and tuning Sark to be the same (cauimg resoronee). Resonance occurs when the two woliens Irquenes ane same. 1 Werenanee oceuned, we ean say tht the Frequency oS the thned 15 eave +0 the femeng een steering earned hence, ealeulth the cont Biciy enone te Tenet of ie aay ac? ne tes Q: Why the length of the string between the ley and the scale pan should be kept short? + The length af the shing bebwen the pulley ard the sonle. pan shold be kept short bo mimize the Sects othe strings deni and abe ensure Had the experiment is as aecundhe os posible. This allows Sore @ clewer and mene accurate shemndirg wave patleren -be be obsmed. Q: Why is it necessary to consider the mass of the scale pan? *Ina tuning Fork: experiment, the mass of the seale pon is ‘mporbt do eensider beamse 1 can afeet the Tension! and Frayvenes! of the ming Son. When a cburing Sr is ofnuek , tb Vibretes af a speeche Srequeney that ig determined by As may and stiness. The mais ofthe senle pen, whieh hols the raring Sek, con Beak the stiiners oS the system and, therefore altere the Sree vent of the being Sale,.- Physics Laboratory Q: Draw the amplitude ~ frequency curve ofa driven system in a low damping medium, in a . high damping medium and in a medium where there is no damping? Amplitude (A) 7 | [y" | a 1 “ ° Deng Sreqoenyg J am fesse Q: How do you know that a resonance has occurred between the fork and the string? ¢ When a ering Sank is placed close to a shi emd the string ‘iy plucked , if the Srey verrey of the plucked m9 mekehes the recur, Frequency of the bring Fock, pheromeren kronn as Mesorance OCe urs, Resorence am be detected by observing the amplibce of the Vibredion oS the Puning Sor, IF +he ering Sock end the placke! String ame reevonabng ed the same Srapeney , the ample ofthe vilken of the “wing Sonk will encore signifcrtly, AE resonance aceuns, We wil see a sbnding wave, ard vibradien will lot Sra lorg me.