N D

O
Learning Objectives I
S
T
R
R
• Illustrate a normal random variable or normal distribution I
and its characteristics. B
M • Construct a normal curve. U
• Solve problems involving standard normal distribution. T
A I
O
L N
N D
Describing Normal Distribution I
O S
T
A normal distribution is a continuous, R
R symmetric, bell-shaped distribution of a variable. I
The known characteristics of the normal curve B
M U
make it possible to estimate the probability of
T
A occurrence of any value of a normally distributed
I
variable. O
L N
N D
Describing Normal Distribution I
O S
Most scientific and business data and natural relationships, T
such as weight, height, etc., when displayed using a histogram R
R
frequency curve are bell-shaped, and symmetrical, known as I
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION/GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION. B
M Many things closely follow a Normal U
Distribution:
heights of people T
A size of things produced by machines
errors in measurements I
O
blood pressure
scores on a test
L N
N Properties of a D
I
Standard Normal Distribution S
O
The following are the properties of a normal T
distribution: R
R 1.) The distribution is bell-shaped.
2.) The mean, median, and mode are equal and are located at the center of the I
distribution. B
M 3.) The normal distribution is unimodal. U
4.) The normal distribution curve is symmetric about the mean (the shape are same T
A on both sides).
I
5.) The normal distribution is continuous.
6.) The normal curve is asymptotic (it never touches the x-axis). O
L 7.) The total area under the normal distribution curve is 1.00 or 100%. N
N Properties of a D
I
Standard Normal Distribution S
O
8. The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean T
R
68.27%; within 2 standard deviations, about 95.45%; and with 3 standard deviations, about 99.73%.
R
I
B
M U
T
A I
O
L N
N D

O
Finding the Area Under I
S
the Normal Curve T
R
R
I
B
M U
T
A I
O
L N
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 1: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
R
R curve between z = 0 and z = 1.25. 𝑃 0 < 𝑧 < 1.25
I
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
B
M
the area.
U
T
A I
O
L Hence, the area is 0.3944 or 39.44%. N
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 2: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
curve between z = 0 and z = -2.13. 𝑃(−2.13 < 𝑧 < 0) R
R
I
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
B
M
the area. The z-table can
also be used even when
the given z-value is
U
negative. They make no T
A
difference from the
positive ones since we are
looking for the area.
I
Therefore, the area
between the given values
O
L of z is 0.4834 or 48.34%. N
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 3: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
curve to the right of z = 0.96. 𝑃(𝑧 > 0.96) R
R
I
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
0.5 or 50% B
M
the area.
U
T
A The area required is at the right tail of the normal curve. The area
I
obtained in Step 2 is the area from 0 to 0.96. To find the reqjuired O
L N
area, subtract 0.3315 from 0.5 (area of half of the normal curve).
0 0.96 Thus, 0.5 – 0.3315 is 0.1685 or 16.85%.
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 4: Find the area under the standard normal T
distribution curve to the left of z = 1.08. 𝑃(𝑧 < 1.08) R
R
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table. I
the area.0.5 or 50%
B
M U
T
A The area required is at the left tail of the normal curve. I
The area obtained in Step 2 is the area from 0 to 1.08. To find O
the required area, add 0.3599 to 0.5 (area of half of the
L 0 1.08 normal curve). Therefore, 0.5 + 0.3599 is 0.8599 or 85.99%. N
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 5: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
R
R curve between z = 0.34 and z = 1.05. 𝑃 0.34 < 𝑧 < 1.05
I
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table.
B
M
the area.
U
T
A I
0 0.34 1.05
The area required is the difference between the area between z=0 and z=1.05 and the area between z=0 and z=0.34. O
L The areas obtained in Step 2 are 0.3531 and 0.1331 respectively. To find the required area, subtract the two areas
obtained. Thus, 0.3531 – 0.1331 is 0.22 or 22%. N
N D
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve I
O S
Example 6: Find the area under the standard normal distribution T
curve between z = -1.11 and z = 2.75. 𝑃 −1.11 < 𝑧 < 2.75 R
R
Step 1: Draw the figure and represent Step 2: Look up the z value in the table. I
B
the area. The area required is the sum
M of the areas between z=0 and z=-
1.11 and between z=0 and z=2.75. U
T
The areas obtained in Step 2 are
0.3665 and 0.4970 respectively.
A -1.11 0 2.75 To find the required area, add I
the two areas obtained.
Therefore, the area is 0.3665 + O
L 0.4970 which is 0.8635 or
86.35%. N
N D

O
The z-value I
S
A normal can be converted into a standard normal distribution by T
obtaining the z-value. A z value is the signed distance between a selected value,
R
R designated x, and the mean 𝜇, divided by the standard deviation 𝜎. It is also
called z-scores, the z-statistics, the standard normal deviates, or the standard I
normal values. In terms of the formula: B
M 𝒙−𝝁 U
𝒛=
𝝈 T
A where: z = z value I
x = the value of any particular observation or measurement
𝜇 = the mean of the distribution O
L 𝜎 = standard deviation of the distribution
N
N D
I
Complete the table below S
O
x 𝝁 𝝈 z
T
110 108 10 ?
R
R ? 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M U
Solution for z:
T
A 𝑥 − 𝜇 110 − 108 I
𝑧= = = 𝟎. 𝟐 O
𝜎 10
L N
N D
I
Complete the table below S
O
x 𝝁 𝝈 z
T
110 108 10 0.20
R
R ? 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M 𝒙−𝝁 U
Solution for x: 𝒛 =
𝝈
T
A 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎 =
𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝟏𝟎
I
𝟏𝟑 = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝟏𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 𝒙
O
L 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 N
N D
I
Complete the table below S
O
x 𝝁 𝝈 z
T
110 108 10 0.20
R
R 121 108 10 1.30
15 ? 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ? -2.10 B
M 𝒙 −𝝁 U
Solution for 𝝁: 𝒛 =
T
𝝈

A −𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 =
𝟏𝟓 − 𝝁
𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
I
– 𝟎. 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝝁
𝝁 = 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟖
O
L 𝝁 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖 N
N D
I
Complete the table below S
O
x 𝝁 𝝈 z
T
R
110 108 10 0.20
R 121 108 10 1.30
15 15.8 1.25 -0.64 I
87 108 ?
10 -2.10 B
M 𝒙 −𝝁
U
Solution for 𝝈: 𝒛 =
𝝈

𝟖𝟕 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖
T
A −𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 =
𝝈 I
– 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝝈 = −𝟐𝟏
−𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝝈
=
−𝟐𝟏 O
L N
−𝟐. 𝟏𝟎 −𝟐. 𝟏𝟎
𝝈 = 𝟏𝟎
N D
Applications I
S
O
Example 1: The scores of 25 grade 6 pupils have a mean of 5.35 and T
standard deviation of 0.45. What percentage of all these scores are R
R lower than 4? *The area between 4 and 5.35 I
Solution for z: is 49.87%. Therefore to find B
M 𝑥 − 𝜇 4 − 5.35 the percentage of those who
U
𝑧= = = −𝟑. 𝟎 obtained lower than 4,
𝜎 0.45
subtract 49.87% from 50% T
A (area to the left of the mean). I
Thus, 0.13% obtained scores O
L lower than 4. N
N D
Applications I
S
O
Example 2: You took an entrance examination and scored 68. The mean score T
R
R for the exam is 54 and the standard deviation is 10. How well did you score on
the test compared to the average test taker? I
Solution for z:
*The area from the score B
M 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 68 − 54 of the average taker 54 to U
𝑧= = = 1.4
𝑠 10 68 is 41.92%. Therefore, T
A you performed 41.92% I
better than the average
O
takers.
L N
N D
I
O S
T
R
R
I
M Let’s give it a try… B
U
T
A I
O
L N
N D

O
Try These… I
S
T
Using the table of the area under the normal curve, find the R
R probability of the following:
I
a. P(z < 1.15) 0.8749 or 87.49% B
M b. P(z < -0.35) 0.3632 or 36.32% U
c. P(z > 2.56) 0.0052 or 0.52% T
A d. P(z > -3.21) 0.9993 or 99.93% I
e. P(0.3 < z < 2.61) 0.3776 or 37.76% O
L f. P(-1.23 < z < 2.61) 0.8862 or 88.62% N
N D
I
O S
T
R
R
I
M Thank You!!! B
U
T
A I
O
L N