ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 1 Dienstag, 7.

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For enclosure experts

Data, facts and information

R
ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 1 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

All clear?!
Our tried-and-trusted collection of data and
facts covering all aspects of enclosures
is designed to help you in your day-to-day
work.
It covers the technical background, whilst
details of the products best-suited to your
application can be found in the latest Rittal
catalogue.
What is more, our products are available in
next to no time, and with such an extensive
network of delivery centres, there’s sure to
be one in your area!

Sizes and units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

General technical factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Selection of electrotechnical formulae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Important regulations and standards for enclosures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Important regulations and standards for electronic cases and enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Basic dimensions of the 482.6 mm (19˝) system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Excerpt from VDE 0113-1/DIN EN 60 204-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Guide to colour coding for push-button actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Electrical wiring system – Cables in cable ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Protection categories to DIN EN 50 102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Protection categories to DIN EN 60 529 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Fundamental principles and basic facts on explosion protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Insulated power cables to VDE 0281 and 0282 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

External diameters of lines and cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Overcurrent protection devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Categories of low-voltage fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Explanation of fuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Type-tested and partially type-tested combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Terms for short-circuit currents in three-phase systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Heat loss (NH and D system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Continuous currents for busbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Calculation of heat loss in busbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Background information on UL 508 and 508A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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Resistance of copper busbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Current correction for Cu busbar systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Rated motor currents in three-phase motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Cable glands to standard: DIN EN 50 262 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Internal and external diameters of conduits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Colour coding of resistors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Designation of terminals and power cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Electronic symbols to DIN 30 600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Protection category symbols to DIN EN 60 529 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Graphical symbols to DIN EN 60 617/IEC 60 617 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Code letters for labelling operating equipment to DIN EN 61 346-1/IEC 61 346-1 . . . . . . . . 75
Graphical symbols for electrical installation to DIN EN 60 617/IEC 60 617 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Decimal parts and multiples of units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Standards for the data and telecommunications industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Network installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Terms used in data communications technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Brief EMC information for EMC/RF-shielded enclosures and CE labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Enclosure climate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Basis of calculation for enclosure climate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Examples of crane transportation for Rittal enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Marks of conformity and symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Approvals and permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

1
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 2 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal CM – Compact system enclosure

for compact systems with the installation diversity of the

R

Top enclosure system TS 8. Infinite possibilities!

 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 3 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Sizes and units

Length Metres m
Area Square metres m2, 1 a = 100 m2, 1 ha = 100 a,
1 km2 = 100 ha
Volume Cubic metres m3, litre l
Mass, weight Kilograms kg; grams g; tonnes t
Force, force due Newtons N; 1 N = 1 kgm/s2
to weight
Pressure Bar bar, Pascal Pa, 1 bar = 105 Pa, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Time Seconds s, minutes min, hours h, days d, years a
Frequency Hertz Hz, 1 Hz = 1/s
Speed Metres per second m/s
Acceleration Metres per second squared m/s2
Work, energy Joules J, watt seconds Ws, kilowatt hours kWh
Quantity of heat 1 J = 1 Ws = 1 Nm
Power Watts W (active power), 1 W = 1 Nm/s = 1 J/s
Volt-ampere VA (apparent power)
Var var (reactive power)
Temperature Kelvin K, degrees Celsius °C, 0°C = 273.15 K
Temperature difference 1 K = 1°C
Luminous intensity Candela
Luminance Candela per square metre cd/m2
Luminous flux Lumen lm
Illuminance Lux lx
Current Amperes A
Voltage Volts V
Resistance Ohm Ω, 1 Ω = 1 V/A
Conductivity Siemens S, 1 S = 1 ---Ω1-
Electric charge Coulomb C, ampere seconds As,
ampere hours Ah, 1 C = 1 As
Capacity Farads F, 1 F = 1 As/V
Electrical field strength Volts per metre V/m
Electrical flux density Coulombs per square metre C/m2
Current density Amperes per mm2, A/mm2
Magnetic field strength Amperes per metre A/m
Magnetic flux Weber Wb, volt-seconds Vs, 1 Wb = 1 Vs
Magnetic flux density Tesla T, 1 T = 1 Vs/m2
Induction, inductance Henry H, 1 H = 1 Vs/A

3
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According to the international system of units, the basic units are the
metre m, the kilogram kg, the second s, the ampere A, the Kelvin K,
the candela cd and the mole mol. All other units are derived from these.

Basic units
1 kilogramm (1 kg) is the mass of the international prototype of the
kilogram which is kept at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
in Sèvres near Paris.
1 metre (1 m) is the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during
a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
1 second (1 s) is 9 162 631 770 times the period of the radiation corre-
sponding to the transition between the two hyperfine structure levels of
the fundamental state of atoms of the nuclide 133Cs.
1 kelvin (1 K) is the 1/273.16th part of the thermodynamic temperature of
the triple point of water.
1 candela (1 cd) is the luminous intensity in a given direction of a source
that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and has a
radiant intensity in that same direction of 1/683 watt per steradian (unit solid
angle).
1 ampere (1 A) is the intensity of an electric current, non-vaying with time,
whereupon when flowing through two conductors of negligibly small circular
cross section arranged parallel to one another at a distance of 1 m in a
vacuum, an electrodynamic force of 2 x 10-7 N per m of conductor length is
exerted between these.
1 mole (1 mol) is the amount of substance in a system that contains
as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12/1000 kilogram of
carbon 12.

Derived units
1 volt (1 V) is equal to the electrical current between two points in a thread-
like, homogeneous conductor of even temperature carrying a current of 1 A
when the power dissipated between the points is one watt.
The resistance of this conductor is 1 Ω.
1 joule (1 J) is equivalent to the work done when a force of one newton
moves its point of application one metre in the direction of the force.
1 watt (1 W) is equal to one joule (1 J) of work performed per second.

4
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General technical factors

International system of units (SI)
Basic factors
Symbol Basic SI unit Other SI units
Physical factor
Length l m (metres) km, dm, cm, mm, µm, nm, pm
Mass m kg (kilograms) Mg, g, mg, µg
Time t s (seconds) ks, ms, µs, ns
Electrical current
I A (amperes) kA, mA, µA, nA, pA
intensity
Thermodynamic
T K (kelvins) –
temperature
Amount of
n mole (Mol) Gmol, Mmol, Kmol, mmol, µmol
substance
Luminous intensity Iv cd (candela) Mcd, kcd, mcd

Conversion factors for old units to SI units

Factor Old unit Precise SI unit ~
Force 1 kp 9.80665 N 10 N
1 dyn 1
10–5 N 1
10–5 N
Moment of force 1 mkp 9.80665 Nm 10 Nm
Pressure 1 at 0.980665 bar 1 bar
1 Atm = 760 Torr 1.01325 bar 1.01 bar
1 Torr 1.3332 mbar 1.33 mbar
1 mWS 0.0980665 bar 0.1 bar
1 mmWS 0.0980665 mbar 0.1 mbar
1 mmWS 9.80665 Pa 10 Pa
Strength, kp - N - N -
1 ------------------- 9.80665 ------------------- 10 -------------------
voltage mm2 mm2 mm2
Energy 1 mkp 9.80665 J 10 J
1 kcal 4.1868 kJ 4.2 kJ
1 erg 1
10–7 J 1
10–7 J
Power
1 kcal
------------------- 4.1868 kJ
---------- 4.2 kJ
----------
h h h

1 kcal
------------------- 1.163 W 1.16 W
h
1 PS 0.735499 kW 0.74 kW

5
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Conversion factors (continued)

Factor Old unit Precise SI unit ~
Heat transfer kcal - kJ - kJ -
1 ----------------------------- 4.1868 ---------------------------- 4.2 -----------------------------
coefficient m 2 h °C m2 h K m2 h K

kcal -
1 ----------------------------- W -
1.163 -------------------- W -
1.16 --------------------
m 2 h °C m2 K m2 K

Selection of electrotechnical formulae

Ohm’s law

U=R
I U-
I = ----- R =U
------
R I
Line resistance
L ρ⋅L
R= ----------------- R= ----------------
χ⋅A A

Copper: χ = 56 m/Ω mm2; 1

--x- = ρ = 0.0178 Ω mm2/m

Aluminium: χ = 36 m/Ω mm2; 1

--x- = ρ = 0.0278 Ω mm2/m

L = Length of conductor (m) ρ = Specific resistance (Ω mm2/m)

χ = Conductivity (m/Ω mm2) A = Cross-section of conductor (mm2)

Connection in series Connection in parallel

For two resistors, the following applies:
R 1 ⋅ R2
R = --------------------------
-
R1 R2 R3
I1
R1
R1 + R2
I2
I R2 I1 R2
Ig ------ = ---------
U U I2 R1
Rg = R1 + R2 +…+ Rn For three or more resistors:
I1 1 = ---------
------
1 - + --------- 1 - + …--------------
1 - + --------- 1-
R1 R R1 R2 R3
I2
Rn
R2
I3
R3
G = G1 + G2 + G3 +…
Ig
U
1 Ig = ∑I
G = ------
R Ig = U
G

6
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 7 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal compact enclosures AE

The original – proven a million times over.

R

Top quality and excellent value for money with more than
60 size variants and unbeatable accessories.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 8 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Unlimited diversity . . .

These are the features that characterise the Rittal range of

R

individual system solutions at the human/machine interface,

such as the Comfort Panel.
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Voltage drop

DC current AC current 3-phase current

2⋅L⋅P 2⋅L⋅P L⋅P
Uv = ------------------------------ Uv = ------------------------------ Uv = ------------------------------
χ⋅A⋅U χ⋅A⋅U χ⋅A⋅U
2⋅L⋅I 2 ⋅ L ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ
Uv = -------------------------
χ⋅A Uv = ----------------------------------------------------
χ⋅A

Uv = Voltage drop Example: 2⋅L⋅I

U = Mains voltage Uv = -------------------------
χ⋅A
A = Cross-section
I = Overall current L = 100 m
P = Overall power A = 2.5 mm2 Uv = 2 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 10
------------------------------------------------
L = Length of conductor x = 56 m/Ω mm2 56 ⋅ 2.5
x = Conductivity I = 10 A Uv = 14.3 V

Resistance in an AC circuit

Inductive resistance

XL = ω
L ω=2
π
f XL = Inductive resistance (Ω)

L = Inductance (H)
U U
I = -------- I = ----------------- I = Current (A)
XL ω⋅L
ω, f = Angular frequency, frequency (1/s)

Capacitive resistance
1
XC = ------------------- ω=2
π
f XC = Capacitive resistance (Ω)
ω⋅C
C = Capacity (F)
U
I = --------- I = Current (A)
XC
ω, f = Angular frequency, frequency (1/s)

9
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Various values of sinusoidal quantities

U
i = Is
sin ω t Ueff = ---------s-
U, I Us, Is
u = Us
sin ω t 2
T Is
ω = 2
π
f Ieff = ----------
2
0°
0
180°
π
360°
2π
1
f = -----
T Uar = 0.637
Us
T = 1
----- Iar = 0.637
Is
f
Voltage characteristic

Us Us
U U

t t

Half-wave rectification Full-wave rectification

Uar = 0.318
Us Uar = 0.637
Us

Ueff = 0.5
Us Ueff = 0.707
Us

Us
Us+
U U
t2

t t1
Us –

3-phase rectification Square-wave voltage

characteristic
Us+ ⋅ t1 + Us– ⋅ t2
Uar = 0.827
Us Uar = -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
Uar = 0.841
Us t1 + t2
U
2
s+ ⋅t 1+ U
2
s– ⋅t 2
Uar = --------------------------------------------------------------------------
t 1+ 2 t

i, u = Instantaneous values (A, V) f = Frequency (1/s)

Is, Us = Peak values (A, V) ω = Angular frequency (1/s)
Ieff, Ueff = Effective values (A, V) T = Duration of a period (s)
Iar, Uar = Arithmetic mean values (A, V)

10
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 11 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

On/off operations

With inductivities L
τ = ---
R
– t
i = I ⋅ 1 – e ------
R
L τ Current after switching on

i = I ⋅ e ------
– t Current after switching off
τ

With capacities
τ = R⋅C
–t
R i = I ⋅ e -------
τ Charging current
u = U ⋅ 1 – e -------
– t
C

τ Charging voltage

u = U ⋅ e –------t-
τ Discharge voltage

τ = Time constant (s) u, i = Instantaneous values of

t = Time (s) current and voltage (V, A)
e = Basis of natural U, I = Initial/final values of
Logarithms current and voltage (V, A)

Electrical power of motors

Power supplied Current consumption

P1
DC current P1 = U
I
η I = -----------------
-
U⋅η
P1
AC current P1 = U
I
η
cos ϕ I = ----------------------------------------------
U ⋅ η ⋅ cos ϕ

P1 = Mechanical power supplied at the motor shaft as per rating plate

P2 = Electrical power input
P P1
Operating ratio η = --------1
(100 %) P 2 = --------
η
P2

11
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Resonance in an AC circuit

Series resonant circuit Parallel resonant circuit

L 90°
90° 90° R
L R C C 90°

1 1
fres = ---------------------------------------- fres = ----------------------------------------
2⋅π L⋅C 2⋅π L⋅C

Q = 1 L
------ Q = R C
------ ------
R C L
fres R fres G
b = ---------- ; b = ------------- f b = ---------- ; b = ------------- f
Q Xres res Q Bres res

R +  ωL – -----------
1 - 2 1
2
Z = Z = ------------------------------------------------------------------
ωC 1
G +  ---------- – ωC
2 2
ωL
U I
Ures I res
1 1
0.707 0.707

fres f fres f
∆f ∆f ∆f ∆f
b b

fres = Resonance frequency (1/s) b = Bandwidth

Q = Circuit quality Z = Impedance (Ω)

1
G = --- = Conductance B = Susceptance
R

Electrical power

DC current AC current

P = U
I P = U
I
cos ϕ

12
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Calculation of power in an AC circuit

Qc Ql capacitive inductive U
IC IL, IB
UC UL Ub
IR IR,IW
S P P S
U I ϕ I
UR UR, UW
ϕ ϕ
ϕ

I I

P = S
cos ϕ Uw = U
cos ϕ Iw = I
cos ϕ

Q = S
sin ϕ Ub = U
sin ϕ Ib = I
sin ϕ

S = P2 + Q2 U = U 2w + U 2b I = I w2 + I b2

S = U
I

cos ϕ = R
----
Z
sin ϕ = X
---
Z
2 2
Z = R +X

S = Apparent power (VA) X = Reactance

P = Active power (W) Uw, Ub = Active/reactive voltage (V)

Q = Reactive power (VA) Iw, Ib = Active/reactive current (A)

Z = Apparent resistance (Ω) sin ϕ, cos ϕ = Power factors

R = Active resistance (Ω)

13
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 14 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Important regulations and standards

for enclosures
Rittal created a market breakthrough with the idea of standardising enclo-
sures.
By using models with set dimensions, produced extremely cost-effectively in
large batches, Rittal offers astounding price benefits and exemplary delivery
capabilities, with over 100 well-stocked depots worldwide.
Today, Rittal enclosure systems, with their modern, user-friendly design,
enjoy a reputation as pace-setters within the industry. Reliable quality and
technical dependability are top of the list in Rittal’s spectrum of services.
Rittal enclosures meet all relevant standards, regulations and guidelines,
such as:
DIN EN 62 208 Empty enclosures for low-voltage switchgear assemblies
IEC 60 297-2 Panel widths for enclosures
Sheets 1 – 3
DIN 41 488 Low-voltage switchgear
Part 2
DIN 41 488 High-voltage switchgear
Part 3
DIN 41 494 Construction of electronic equipment, front panels and
Part 1 racks (dimensions for the 482.6 mm (19˝) system)
DIN 43 668 Keys for cells or enclosure doors of electrical switchgear
(double-bit)
Size 3: Low-voltage installations
Size 5: High and low-voltage installations
DIN 7417 Piped keys with square sockets, size 7 for shipbuilding
DIN 43 656 Colours for indoor electrical switchgear
The German Energy Management Act states that: “Electrical power in-
stallations and power-consuming equipment shall be set up and main-
tained propely, i.e. in accordance with the recognised technical rules,
such as the provisions of the Association of German Electrical Engi-
neers (VDE)”. As systems below 1000 V are so widespread and diverse,
special significance is attaced to VDE 0100 “Provisions for the construction
of heavy current installations with rated voltages of less than 1000 V”. Other
regulations which must be observed in the case of heavy current installa-
tions are the Technical Connection Conditions of the electricity supply
companies, and in the case of telecommunications and aerial installations,
VDE 0800 Regulations for Telecommunications Installations and VDE 0855
Provisions for Aerial Installations.
New installations should have provision for extension and should be eco-
nomical. Important notes in this respect can be found in the DIN standards
published by the German Standards Committee.

14
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 15 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal Electronic Systems

offer “complete know-how” in the field of electronic packaging.

R

At a high level – up to Level 4.

Complete solutions for CPCI, VME, ATCA and MTCA.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 16 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Important regulations and standards

for electronic cases and enclosures
The 482.6 mm (19˝) system is based on American standard ASAC 83.9,
equivalent to DIN 41 494 Part 1 and IEC publication 60 297. On the basis of
this basic standard, individual standards sheets have been published which,
when compiled in the corresponding order, constitute a harmonised modu-
lar system with the respective dimensional rules. The assembly is formed
from the smallest unit of the “Eurocard” PCB with the corresponding rack
connectors. This plug-in assembly is inserted into the subrack with the
corresponding front panel. Finally, the subrack is accommodated in the
electronic case and electronic enclosure.

Subracks DIN 41 494 Part 2 Dimensions of plug-in assemblies,

and IEC 60 297-3 module spacing and female multi-point
assemblies connectors
Front plates DIN 41 494 Part 2 Dimensions of the front panels and their
IEC 60 297-3 attachment holes, dimensions of the
racks and attachment holes for front
panels
PCBs DIN 41 494 Part 2 Dimensions of the PCB
IEC 60 297-3
Rack DIN 41 494 Part 4 PCB with connector,
connectors IEC 60 603-2 mounting dimensions for direct and
indirect connection
DIN 41 611 Solderless connections, wire-wrap,
crimped, spring-loaded and insulation
displacement connections
The editions of the VDE provisions and DIN sheets which have entered into
force shall always be binding.
Copies are available from:
VDE regulations: VDE-Verlag GmbH, D-10625 Berlin, Bismarckstraße 33
DIN sheets: Beuth-Verlag GmbH, D-10787 Berlin

16
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Basic dimensions of the 482.6 mm (19˝) system

Subrack
IEC 60 297-3
h

c
b
a

a) External dimension = 482.6 mm (19˝) c) Installation space:

Horizontal pitch: 84 HP =
84 x 5.08 mm (useful installation
width in subrack)

b) Distance between mounting holes h) Height unit: 3 U =

= 465 mm 3 x 44.45 mm (smallest subrack
height dimension for PCBs/Eurocards)

Plug-in assemblies
Connector to DIN 41 626 Connector to DIN 41 617
85
90
90
95

Mounting level Mounting level

of female multi-point connector of plug connector

Description Height Depth

Eurocard 100 mm 160 mm
Double-Eurocard 233.4 mm 160 mm

17
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 18 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal TopTherm-Plus

Embodies energy efficiency and state-of-the-art nano-

R

technology, combined with functionality. Cooling output –

efficiently generated and distributed in a targeted manner.
Design – Aesthetics with an eye-catching effect.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 19 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Excerpt from VDE 0113-1/DIN EN 60 204-1

Machine safety;
Electrical equipment of machines, general requirements

5.2 External PE conductor connection

One terminal for connecting the external PE conductor must be provided
in the vicinity of the corresponding external conductor contact.
The terminal must be dimensioned such that it facilitates the connection of
an external copper conductor with a cross-section in accordance with the
following table.
If a PE conductor from a material other than copper is used, the terminal
size must be selected accordingly.

Minimum cross-section of copper external PE conductor

Cross-section S
Minimum cross-section
of external conductors
of external PE conductor
for mains connection
(mm2)
(mm2)
S ≤ 16 S
16 < S ≤ 35 16
S > 35 S/2

The terminal for the external PE conductor must be labelled with the letters
“PE”. Use of the designation “PE” should be confined to the terminal for con-
necting the PE conductor system of the machine to the external PE conduc-
tor of the mains connection.

In order to avoid misunderstandings, other terminals used for the connection

of machine parts to the PE conductor system must not be designated “PE”.
Instead, they should be labelled with the symbol 417 IEC 5019 or by using
the two-colour combination GREEN/YELLOW.

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6. Protection against electric shock

6.1 General
The electrical equipment must provide protection against electric shock,
namely:
– against direct contact and
– indirect contact.

This must be achieved by using the protective measures outlined in 6.2 and
6.3. By using PELV in accordance with 6.4, protection against both direct
contact and indirect contact is ensured.

6.2 Protection against direct contact

The measures outlined in 6.2.1 or 6.2.2 and, where applicable, 6.2.3, must
be applied to each circuit or each part of the electrical equipment.

6.2.1 Protection via enclosures (housings)

Active parts must be positioned within enclosures which meet the relevant
requirements from sections 4, 13 and 16.
For top covers of enclosures that are readily accessible, protection against
direct contact, protection category IP 4X or IP XXD, must be met as a mini-
mum requirement (see EN 60 529).
It must only be possible to open an enclosure (i.e. opening doors, removing
lids, covers and the like) if one of the following conditions is met:
a) Use of a key or tool for access by electricians or electrical staff if
switching off the equipment is inappropriate. The master switch may be
switched with the door open, if necessary.
b) Disconnection of active parts within the enclosure before the enclosure
can be opened.
This can be achieved by locking the door with an isolator (e.g. master
switch) so that the door may only be opened if the isolator is open, and
the isolator may only be activated when the door is closed. However, it is
permissible for electrical staff to override the lock via a special device or
tool as per the supplier’s specifications, provided:
– it is possible at all times to open the isolator whilst the lock is overriden,
and
– when the door is closed, the lock is automatically reactivated.
If more than one door provides access to active parts, this requirement
should be applied analogously.

20
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All parts which remain live after disconnection must provide protection
against direct contact, protection category IP 2X or IP XXB (see EN 60 529),
as a minimum requirement. Such parts must be labelled with a warning
notice in accordance with 18.2.
The mains connection terminals of the master switch are exempted from this
ruling, provided the latter is housed in a separate enclosure.
c) Opening without using a key or tool and without deactivating the active
parts must only be possible if all active parts are protected against direct
contact in accordance with protection category IP 2X or IP XXB (see
EN 60 529) as a minimum requirement. If covers provide this protection,
they must either only be removed using a tool, or else they must auto-
matically deactivate all protected active parts when the cover is removed.

8.2 PE conductor system

8.2.1 General
The PE conductor system consists of:
– the PE terminal (see 5.2)
– the conductive structural parts of the electrical equipment and the
machine, and
– the PE conductors in the machine equipment.

All parts of the PE conductor system must be designed in such a way that
they are capable of withstanding the highest thermal and mechanical
stresses from earth-fault currents which could flow in the respective part of
the PE conductor system.
A structural part of the electrical equipment or the machine may serve as
part of the PE conductor system, provided the cross-section of this part is
at least equivalent, in electrical terms, to the cross-section of the copper
conductor required.

21
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 22 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

8.2.2 PE conductor
PE conductors must be labelled in accordance with 15.2.2.
Copper conductors should be used. If another conductor material is used
instead of copper, the electrical resistance per unit of length must not
exceed that of the permissible copper conductor. Such conductors must
have a cross-section of no less than 16 mm2.
The cross-section of PE conductors must determined in accordance with the
requirements of IEC 364-5-54, 543.1 or EN 60 439-1, 7.4.1.7, depending on
which applies.
This requirement is met in most cases if the ratio between the cross-section
of the external conductor and that of the corresponding PE conductor con-
nected to the part of the equipment matches Table 1.

8.2.3 Continuity of the PE conductor system

All exposed conductive parts in the electrical equipment and the machine(s)
must be connected to the PE conductor system.
If electrical equipment is attached to lids, doors or cover plates, the continu-
ity of the PE conductor system must be ensured. This must not be depend-
ent upon mounting components, hinges or support rails. The PE conduc-
tor(s) must belong to the conductors supplying the equipment.
If no electrical equipment is attached to lids, doors or cover plates or if only
PELV circuits are present, then metal hinges and the like shall be consid-
ered adequate to ensure continuity.
If a part is removed for some reason (e.g. regular servicing), the PE conduc-
tor system for the remaining parts must not be interrupted.

8.2.5 Parts which need not be connected to the PE conductor

It is not necessary to connect exposed conductive parts to the PE conduc-
tor system if these are mounted in such a way that they do not pose any risk
because:
– they cannot be contacted over a large area or surrounded by a
person’s hand and have small dimensions (less than approximately
50 mm x 50 mm)
or
– they are arranged in such a way that contact with active parts or an
insulation fault is unlikely.
This applies to small parts such as screws, rivets and identification labels,
and to parts within enclosures, irrespective of their size (such as electro-
magnets of contactors or relays, and mechanical parts of devices).

22
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 23 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

8.2.7 PE conductor connection points

All PE conductors must be connected in compliance with 15.1.1. PE
conductors must not be connected to connection parts used to secure or
connect devices or parts.
Each PE conductor connection point must be labelled as such using the
symbol 417-IEC-5019. Optionally, terminals for the connection of PE con-
ductors may be indicated as such via the two-colour combination GREEN/
YELLOW. The letters “PE” are reserved for the terminal used to connect the
external PE conductor (see 5.2.).

13.3 Protection categories

Switchgear must be adequately protected against the ingress of solid foreign
bodies and liquids, with due regard for the external influences under which
the machine is likely to be operated (i.e. the installation site and the physical
ambient conditions), and must provide sufficient protection against dust,
coolants, metal swarf and mechanical damage.
The enclosures of switchgear must have a minimum protection category
of IP 54 (see EN 60 529).
Exceptions to this requirement for a minimum protection category are:
– Vented enclosures which only contain motor starter resistors, dynamic
braking resistors or similar equipment: IP 22
– Motors: IP 23
– Vented enclosures containing other equipment: IP 33.
The above are minimum protection categories. A higher protection category
may be necessary depending on the siting conditions, e.g. switchgear at a
site where water jets are used for cleaning should have a minimum protec-
tion level of IP 66.
Switchgear which is exposed to fine dust must have a minimum protection
category of IP 65.

13.4 Enclosures, doors and openings

Locks used to secure doors and covers should be captive. Windows inten-
ded for monitoring the display devices inside must be made from a material
that is capable of withstanding mechanical stresses and chemical influ-
ences, e.g. toughened glass, polycarbonate plates (3 mm thick).
We advise that enclosure doors should have vertical hinges, preferably of
a type where the doors can be lifted out. The opening angle should be at
least 95°. The doors should be no wider than 0.9 m.

23
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 24 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Enclosures which are easily entered must be supplied with equipment

enabling the individual to escape, e.g. panic locks on the inside of the doors.
Enclosures designed for such access, e.g. for servicing purposes, must
have a clear width of at least 0.7 m and a clear height of at least 2.0 m.
In cases whereby:
– The equipment is most likely to be live during access
and
– conductive parts are exposed,
the clear width must be at least 1.0 m. In cases where such parts are
present on both sides of the access route, the clear width must be at least
1.5 m.

10.2 Push-buttons

10.2.1 Colours
Push-button operating parts must be colour-coded in accordance with the
following table.
The preferred colours for START/ON parts should be WHITE, GREY or
BLACK, preferably WHITE. GREEN may be used; RED must not be used.
The colour RED must be used for emergency-off actuators. The colours
for STOP/OFF actuators should be BLACK, GREY or WHITE, preferably
BLACK. RED is likewise permissible. GREEN must not be used.
WHITE, GREY and BLACK are the preferred colours for push-button actua-
tors which function alternately as START/ON and STOP/OFF push-buttons.
The colours RED, YELLOW or GREEN must not be used.
WHITE, GREY and BLACK are the preferred colours for push-button actua-
tors which effect an operation whilst they are actuated and terminate opera-
tion when they are released (e.g. jogging).
The colours RED, YELLOW and GREEN must not be used.
The colour GREEN is reserved for functions indicating a safe or normal
operation. The colour YELLOW is reserved for functions indicating a warning
or abnormal status.
The colour BLUE is reserved for functions of urgent significance.
Reset push-buttons must be BLUE, WHITE, GREY or BLACK.
If these are also used as STOP/OFF buttons, the colours WHITE, GREY or
BLACK are preferred, preferably BLACK. GREEN must not be used.

24
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 25 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Guide to colour coding

for push-button actuators
Colour Meaning Explanation Examples of uses
Emergency off,
Actuate in
initiation of
a dangerous
RED Emergency emergency off
condition or
functions
emergency
cf. also 10.2.1
Intervention to
suppress ab-
Actuate in normal condition
YELLOW Abnormal an abnormal Intervention to
condition re-start an
interrupted
procedure.
Actuate in a safe
condition or to
GREEN Safe See 10.2.1
prepare for a
normal status
Actuate in a
condition requiring
BLUE Compulsory Reset function
a compulsory
action
START/ON
WHITE For the general (preferred)
No initiation of STOP/OFF
particular functions apart START/ON
GREY
meaning from STOP/OFF
assigned emergency off START/ON
BLACK (see note) STOP/OFF
(preferred)

Note: Provided an additional method of labelling (e.g. structure, form,

position) is used to mark push-button actuators, the same colours WHITE,
GREY or BLACK may be used for different functions, e.g. WHITE for
START/ON and STOP/OFF actuators.

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 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 26 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

10.2.2 Labelling
In addition to the functional labelling described in 18.3, it is advisable to label
push-buttons with symbols, either adjacent to or – preferably – directly on
the actuator, e.g.:

START or ON STOP or OFF Push-buttons Push-buttons

which optionally which effect a
function as movement when
START and STOP actuated and
or ON and OFF discontinue the
buttons movement when
released
(i.e. jogging)
417-IEC-5007 417-IEC-5008 417-IEC-5010 417-IEC-5011

26
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 27 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Electrical wiring system

Cables in cable ducts
B
Dimensions Sufficient for n wires
of cable duct e.g. HO 7 V-U/R/k
H W (B)
1 mm2 1.5 mm2 2.5 mm2
mm mm
H

18 19 21 19 14
23 31 45 36 29
32 18 36 32 23
33 30 63 55 41
34 46 100 87 65
44 19 53 46 34
44 30 84 73 53
44 45 126 110 79
45 67 193 168 120
45 86 247 216 155
45 126 360 315 225
63 19 76 67 48
65 30 124 109 81
65 46 191 167 124
65 66 274 240 178
65 86 357 313 232
65 107 445 389 289
65 126 524 458 340
65 156 576 504 374
65 206 768 672 498
85 31 168 147 109
85 47 255 226 166
85 67 364 322 236
85 87 473 418 307
85 107 581 514 377
85 127 690 610 448

In accordance with VDE 0113/EN 60 204, Part 1, 30 % must be kept free as reserve
space.

27
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 28 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Maximum permissible total break time of short-circuit protection devices

for copper conductors and rated currents of standardised fuses

Nominal Minimum Maximum

cross- short- permissible Rated currents of fuses
section circuit total break time to IEC 269
of cable current
Im t gII gI aM
mm2 A s A A A
0.1961) 50 0.20 6 4 2
0.2832) 70 0.21 8 6 4
0.5961) 120 0.23 12 10 8
0.756 180 0.23 16 12 12
1,1961) 240 0.23 25 20 16
1.5961) 310 0.30 32 25 20
2.5961) 420 0.46 40 40 32
4,1961) 560 0.66 50 50 40
6,1961) 720 0.90 80 80 63
10,1961) 1000 1.30 100 100 100
16,1961) 1350 1.80 – 160 125
25,1961 1800 2.50 – 200 200
35,1961) 2200 3.30 – 250 250
503),196 2700 4.50 – 315 315
70,1961) 3400 5,50 – 400 400
95,1961) 4100 5,50 – 500 400
120,1961) 4800 5,50 – 500 500
150,1961) 5500 5,50 – 630 630
185,1961) 6300 5,50 – 630 630
240,1961) 7400 5,50 – 800 800
1) Nominal diameter 0.5 mm
2) Nominal diameter 0.6 mm
3) Actual cross-section 47 mm2

Protection category to DIN EN 50 102, protection

from external mechanical loads (IK code)
1. This standard a) The definitions for levels of protection from harmful
addresses impacts of mechanical loads within the enclosure on
installed electrical components,
b) Codes for the various levels of protection,
c) The requirements for each code,
d) The tests to be carried out.
2. Structure of the IK code IK 08
Code letter
Characteristic numerals (00 to 10)

28
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 29 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

3. Application
The specified value (level of protection) must apply to the entire enclosure.
In the event of varying levels of protection on the enclosure, these must be
labelled separately (e.g. PS enclosure with acrylic glazed door).
Stress Height of fall
IK code Test piece
energy (joules) (cm)
01 0.15 – Spring hammer
02 0.20 – Spring hammer
03 0.35 – Spring hammer
04 0.50 – Spring hammer
05 0.70 – Spring hammer
06 1.00 – Spring hammer
07 2.00 40.0 Hammer, mass 0.5 kg
08 5.00 29.5 Hammer, mass 1.7 kg
09 10.00 20.0 Hammer, mass 5.0 kg
10 20.00 40.0 Hammer, mass 5.0 kg

4. Assessment
After testing, the test piece must be fully functional. In particular, the
protection category to EN 60 529 must not be impaired (e.g. hinge bent,
seal cut, gap in friction-locked connections or similar).
Safety and reliability must not be impaired.

Protection categories to DIN EN 60 529

Standard EN 60 529 addresses the protection of electrical operating
equipment via enclosures, covers and the like and includes the following:
1. Protection of persons against contact with live or moving parts within the
enclosure, and protection of the operating equipment against the ingress
of solid bodies (contact and foreign body protection).
2. Protection of operating equipment against the ingress of water (water
protection).
3. Codes for internationally agreed protection categories and degrees of
protection.
Protection categories are indicated by a code consisting of the two code
letters IP, which always remain constant, and two characteristic numerals
for the degree of protection.

Example of protection category: IP 4 4

Code letters
First numeral
Second numeral

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 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 30 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

For contact and foreign object protection

First Degree of protection
numeral
Description Explanation
0 Non-protected –
1 Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere 50 mm
foreign objects with a in diameter, must not fully penetrate.*)
diameter of 50 mm
and greater

2 Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere 12.5 mm

foreign objects with a in diameter, must not penetrate fully.*)
diameter of 12.5 mm The jointed test finger may penetrate
and greater up to a length of 80 mm.

3 Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere 2.5 mm

foreign objects with a in diameter, must not penetrate at all.*)
diameter of 2.5 mm
and greater

4 Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere 1.0 mm

foreign objects with a in diameter, must not penetrate at all.*)
diameter of 1.0 mm
and greater

5 Dust-protected The ingress of dust is not totally prevented,

but dust must not penetrate in a quantity to
interfere with satisfactory operation of the
device or safety.

6 Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a partial vacuum

of 20 mbar inside the enclosure.

*) Note: The full diameter of the object probe must not pass through an opening of the enclosure.

30
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 31 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal recooling systems

Convincing dissipation of high heat loads in enclosure,

R

machine and process cooling.

 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 32 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

CS Outdoor Solutions –
Perfect protection in any environment
R

● Standard enclosures – Available directly off the shelf.

● Huge range of accessories for all IE and IT applications.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 33 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

For protection against water

Second Degree of protection
numeral
Description Explanation
0 Non-protected No particular protection
1 Protected against Vertically falling drops shall have no
vertically falling harmful effects.
water drops
2 Protected against Vertically falling drops must not have any
vertically falling harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted
water drops when up to 15° on either side of the vertical.
the enclosure is tilted
up to 15°
3 Protected against Water sprayed at an angle of up to 60°
spraying water on either side of the vertical shall have no
harmful effects.
4 Protected against Water splashed on the enclosure from any
splashing water direction shall have no harmful effects.
5 Protected against Water directed at the enclosure from any
water jets direction in a jet shall have no harmful
effects.
6 Protected against Water directed at the enclosure from every
powerful water jets direction in a powerful jet shall have no
harmful effects.
7 Protected against Ingress of water in quantities causing
the effects of harmful effects shall not be possible when
temporary the enclosure is temporarily immersed in
immersion in water water under standardised conditions of
pressure and time.
8 Protected against Ingress of water in quantities causing
the effects of harmful effects shall not be possible when
continuous the enclosure is continuously immersed in
immersion in water water under conditions to be agreed
between the manufacturer and the user but
which are more severe than for numeral 7.

33
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Continued from page 33

Second Degree of protection

numeral
Description Explanation
9K Protected against Note: from DIN 40 050 part 9
the ingress of water (German national standard) on protection
in case of high- categories for vehicles.
pressure/steam-jet
cleaning

Fundamental principles and basic facts

on explosion protection
Many segments of the chemical and petrochemical industries, as well as
industrial mills and the landfill gas extraction and mining industries, have
certain areas where mixtures of combustible materials and oxygen may
occur rarely, occasionally or frequently.

Zone classification
Areas where a hazardous, potentially explosive atmosphere may arise are
classified into zones according to the probability of such an atmosphere
arising. Gas atmospheres are classified into zones 0, 1 and 2, whilst dust
atmospheres are classified into zones 20, 21 and 22.

Zone Definition Guideline values

(non-standardised)
0 20 Constant or long-term or > 1000 h/a
frequent risk
1 21 Occasional risk between 10 and 1000 h/a
2 22 Rare risk < 10 h/a

If it is additionally necessary to install electrical equipment at such locations,

it must be designed in such a way as to prevent ignition and hence explosion
of the mixtures.
Measures designed to prevent the occurrence of potentially explosive
atmospheres are described as primary explosion protection measures.

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Types of ignition protection

If the occurrence of a potentially explosive atmosphere cannot be excluded
by means of primary explosion protection measures, then secondary
protective measures must come into play. Such measures prevent the
ignition of the atmosphere in a variety of ways, and are referred to as
protection types.

Protection type Application areas Standards

(selection)
Requirements DIN EN 60 079
Oil o Electronics, DIN EN 50 015
immersion transformers,
capacitors, relays
Sand q Electronics, DIN EN 50 017
filling transformers,
capacitors, relays
Encapsu- m Electronics, DIN EN 60 079-18
lation transformers,
capacitors, relays
Pressuri- p Machines, motors, DIN EN 60 079-2
sation enclosures
Flameproof d Motors, switchgear, DIN EN 60 079-1
enclosure power electronics
Increased e Terminals, cases, DIN EN 60 079-7
safety lights, motors
Intrinsic i* Electronics, DIN EN 50 020
L
U
R
C safety measurement and
control systems
“Non- n** Motors, cases, lights, DIN EN 60 079-15
trigger” electronics
Special s Sensors, over- None
protection voltage protection
* ia For use in zone 0, 1, 2 ib For use in zone 1, 2 ** For use in zone 2
Simple electrical equipment in intrinsically safe circuits:
These include energy sources which generate no more than 1.5 V, 100 mA
and 25 mW, and energy stores with precisely defined parameters and
passive components such as switches, distributor boxes, terminals etc.
Such simple electronic equipment must conform to standard DIN EN 50 020
and does not require a licence.

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 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 36 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Labelling of explosion-protected electrical

equipment to DIN EN 60 079
Design designation EEx e II C T6
to EN 50 014

Prototype-tested to
EG RL 94/9 (ATEX 100a)
or EN 50 014 A1

Symbol for electrical equipment which

has been built to European standards

Protection category applied

o = Oil immersion d = Flameproof enclosure
p = Pressurisation e = Increased safety
q = Sand filling i = Intrinsic safety (ia, ib)

Category “ia” Category “ib”

In the event of two independent Intrinsic safety must be
faults occurring, intrinsic safety guaranteed in the event of
must be guaranteed; a fault occurring;

Zone 0: Zone 1:
Avoidance of ignition sources Avoidance of ignition sources
with rare malfunctions with frequent mal-functions

Area of application (group)

I = Flameproof protection/mines II = Explosion protection, others

Protection types d and i are further sub-divided into

equipment groups IIA to IIC depending on ignition energy.

CENELEC code Typical gas Ignition energy/µJ

I Methane 280
IIA Propane > 180
IIB Ethylene 60 . . . 180
IIC Hydrogen < 60

Temperature category
T 1 = > 450°C ignition temperature, 450°C
T 2 = > 300°C ignition temperature, 300°C
T 3 = > 200°C ignition temperature, 200°C
T 4 = > 135°C ignition temperature, 135°C
T 5 = > 100°C ignition temperature, 100°C
T 6 = > 85°C ignition temperature, 85°C
} Maximum surface temperature for
electrical equipment in group II

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Additional labelling to
EG RL 94/9 (ATEX 100a) or DIN EN 60 079

Additional labelling to EG RL 94/9 II (1) G

(ATEX 100a) or DIN EN 60 079
0102
Test offices (excerpt) in Europe
and North America
Test centre Country Identifier
PTB Germany 0102
DMT (BVS) Germany 0158
DQS Germany 0297
BAM Germany 0589
EECS (BASEEFA) UK 0600
SCS UK 0518
INERIS France 0080
LCIE France 0081
LOM Spain 0163
KEMA Netherlands 0344
CESI Italy
INIEX Belgium
DEMKO Denmark
NEMKO Norway
UL USA –
FM USA –
CSA Canada –

Operational area
Electrical equipment which is certified to the ATEX 100a guidelines is given an addi-
tional code which refers to the place of use (or in the case of associated electrical
equipment, defines where the signal cables may lead to). The component group
is shown first, followed by the category and finally a reference to the atmosphere
(gas and/or dust). The following sub-division applies to equipment group II:

Safety Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

standard Very high High Normal
Adequate By 2 protective For frequent malfunc- For fault-free
safety measures/for 2 faults tions/for 1 fault operation
Use in Zone 0 Zone 20 Zone 1 Zone 21 Zone 2 Zone 22
Atmosphere G (gas) D (dust) G (gas) D (dust) G (gas) D (dust)

37
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 38 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Some key safety figures for

combustible gases and vapours
Ignition Temperature Explosion
Name of substance
temperature °C category group
Acetaldehyde 140 T4 II A
Acetone 540 T1 II A
Carbon disulphide 95 T6 II C (1)
Hydrogen sulphide 270 T3 II B
Hydrogen 560 T1 II C (2)
Ethylene 425 T2 II B
Ethylene oxide 440 T2 II B
Benzines, petrol fuels
220 to 300 T3 II A
Initial boiling point < 135°C
Special benzines
220 to 300 T3 II A
Initial boiling point > 135°C
Benzole (pure) 500 T1 II A
Diesel fuels
220 to 300 T3 II A
DIN EN 590: 2004
Jet fuels 220 to 300 T3 II A
Fuel oil EL DIN 51 603-1
220 to 300 T3 II A
2003-09
Fuel oil L DIN 51 603-2
220 to 300 T3 II A
1992-04
Fuel oils M and S
220 to 300 T3 II A
DIN 51 603-3 2003-05

Insulated power cables to VDE 0281 and 0282

– Harmonised version –
The regulations for PVC and rubber-insulated power cables have been har-
monised with European standards – DIN 57 821/VDE 0281 for power cables
with thermoplastic insulation based on PVC, and DIN 57 282/VDE 0282 for
power cables with rubber insulation. The harmonised cable types are given
harmonised type codes to VDE 0292. The same also applies to the recog-
nised national types, which represent an extension to the harmonised type
series. For the national types not covered by harmonisation, the previous
type codes to VDE 0250 still apply.

38
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 39 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Type codes
of the harmonised power cables:

Designated code Conductor cross-section

H = Harmonised type
A = Recognised national type
PE conductor
Rated voltage
X: without green/yellow PE conductor
03: 300/300 V G: with green/yellow PE conductor
05: 300/500 V
07: 450/750 V Number of wires

Insulating and coating material

V: PVC Type of conductor
R: Natural or synthetic rubber
N: Chloroprene rubber U: Single-wire
S: Silicone rubber R: Multi-wire
J: Braided glass fibre K: Fine-wire:
T: Woven textile Fixed cables
F: Fine-wire:
Flexible cables
Mounting type H: Extra-fine wire
H: Flat, fan-out cable Y: Tinsel conductor
H2: Flat, non-fan-out cable

Flammability test for plastics to UL 94

Test:
The flame is directed at the test piece for 10 seconds then withdrawn, and
a note is made of the time taken until all flames are extinguished. The flame
is then directed at the test piece for a further 10 seconds.
The experiment is performed on 5 test pieces. The average values of the
5 experiments are determined.

The materials are classified as follows:

94 V-0: The test piece is extinguished within 5 seconds on average. No test
piece burns for longer than 10 seconds. Burning particles are not lost from
any of the test pieces.
94 V-1: The test pieces are extinguished within 25 seconds. No test piece
burns for longer than 60 seconds. Burning particles are not lost from any
of the test pieces.
94 V-2: Like 94 V-1, but the test pieces lose burning particles during the
experiment.

39
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 40 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Plastic-insulated cables
to DIN VDE 298-4 2003-08 T4 2/89
Designation Type Rated No. Nominal Suitable for
to VDE 0281 codes voltage of cross-
or Uo/U wires section
VDE 0282
Light twin cord H03VH-Y 300/300 2 0.1 Dry rooms for connecting
light hand-held appliances
(not hot appliances);
max. 1 A and maximum
2 m cable length
Twin cord H03VH-H 300/300 2 0.5 and Dry rooms with very low
0.75 mechanical stresses
(not hot appliances)
Light PVC H03VV-F 300/300 2 and 0.5 and Dry rooms with very low
sheathed cable 3 0.75 mechanical stresses
(round) (light hand-held appliances)
Light PVC H03VVH2-F 300/300 2 0.75 Dry rooms with low
sheathed cable mechanical stresses
(flat)
Medium PVC H05VV-F 300/500 2…5 1…2.5 Dry rooms with medium
sheathed mechanical stresses,
cable for domestic appliances
also in damp rooms
PVC non- H05V-U 300/500 1 0.5…1 Wiring in switchgear,
sheathed cable distributors and lighting
with single-wire
conductor
PVC non- H05V-K 300/500 1 0.5…1 Wiring in switchgear,
sheathed cable distributors and lighting
with fine-wire
conductor
PVC single-core H07V-U 450/750 1 1.5…16 Wiring in switchgear and
non-sheathed distributors
cable with
single-wire
conductor
PVC single-core H07V-R 450/750 1 6…500 Wiring in switchgear and
non-sheathed distributors
cable with multi-
wire conductor
PVC single-core H07V-K 450/750 1 1.5…240 Wiring in switchgear and
non-sheathed distributors
cable with fine-
wire conductor

40
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 41 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rubber-insulated cables
Heat-resistant H05SJ-K 300/500 1 0.5…16 Lighting and operating
silicone equipment, and in switchgear
rubber- and distributors
insulated
cable
Braided H03RT-F 300/300 2+ 0.75…1.5 Dry rooms with low
flexible cords mechanical stresses
Light rubber- H05RR-F 300/500 2…5 0.75…2.5 For domestic appliances with
sheathed medium mechanical stresses
cable
Heavy rubber- H07RN-F 450/750 1 1.5…400 Dry and damp rooms
sheathed 2 + 5 1…25 and outdoors for heavy
cable 3 + 4 1…95 appliances with high
mechanical stresses and
in industrial water

Colour coding of Allocation to various conductor codes

green and yellow Letter,
conductors: Conductor designation Symbol Colours
numerals
PE conductors and Phase
PEN conductors. L1 –
conductor 1
Green and yellow
must not be used for Phase
AC L2 –
any other conductor. conductor 2
current
Blue: network Phase L3 –
Neutral conductor conductor 3
Black: Neutral
Recommended for N Blue
conductor
systems with single- Positive L+ + –
wire cables. DC
Brown: Negative L– – –
current
Recommended for network Neutral
systems where one M Blue
conductor
group of cables is Green
to be distinguished PE conductor PE and
from another. yellow
PEN conductor Green
(neutral conductor with PEN and
protective function) yellow
Earth E –
Ground MM ⊥ –

41
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 42 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Abbreviations for colours

Green and
Colour Blue Black Brown Red Grey White
yellow
Abbreviation to
GNYE BU BK BN RD GY WH
DIN IEC 60 757
Old abbreviation
gnge bl sw br rt gr ws
to DIN 47 002

External diameters of lines and cables

Cross-section Mean external diameter
Cable Minimum Maximum
[mm2] [mm] [mm]
H03VV-F 2 x 0.5 4.8 6.0
2 x 0.75 5.2 6.4
3 x 0.5 5.0 6.2
3 x 0.75 5.4 6.8
4 x 0.5 5.6 6.8
4 x 0.75 6.0 7.4
H05VV-F 2x4 10.0 12.0
3G4 11.0 13.0
3x4 11.0 13.0
5G4 13.5 15.5
5x4 13.5 15.5
H07RN-F 3 x 70 39.0 49.5
3 x 95 44.0 54.0
3 x 120 47.5 59.0
3 x 150 52.5 66.5
6 x 1.5 14.0 17.0
6 x 2.5 16.0 19.5
6x4 19.0 22.0
H05SJ-K 1 x 0.5 3.4
1 x 0.75 3.6
1 x 1.0 3.8
1 x 1.5 4.3
1 x 2.5 5.0
1 x 4.0 5.6
1 x 6.0 6.2
1 x 10.0 8.2

42
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 43 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Current carrying capacity of cables at an ambient temperature ϑU = 30°C

Load capacity of flexible cables with Un ≤ 1000 V
No. of
current ϑB Load in A
Design
carrying in °C at a nominal cross-section in mm2
code
conductors Insulating Examples
Installation material
type 0.75 1 1.5 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95
H05V-U
70
1 H07V-U
Polyvinyl 15 19 24 32 42 54 73 98 129 158 198 245 292
V1 H07V-K
chloride NFYW
60 H05RND5-F
Natural
2 or 3 H07RND5-F 12
rubber, 15 18 26 34 44 61 82 108 135 168 207 250
V2, V3 NMHVöu
synthetic NSHCöu
rubber
H05VVH6-F
70
2 or 3 H07VVH6-F 12
Polyvinyl 15 18 26 34 44 61 82 108 – – – –
V2, V3 NYMHYV
chloride NYSLYö
Load capacity of flexible cables with Un > 0.6 kV/1 kV
Number of
loaded wires ϑB Load in A
Design
Rated in °C at a nominal cross-section in mm2
code
voltage Insulating Examples
Installation material
type 2.5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185
80
3 Ethylene-
≤ 6 kV/10 kV propylene NSSHöu 30 41 53 74 99 131 162 202 250 301 352 404 461
V2 rubber
80
3 Ethylene-
≥ 6 kV/10 kV propylene NSSHöu – – – – 105 139 172 215 265 319 371 428 488
V2 rubber
da

a=d

V1 V2 V3

43
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 44 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Conversion of conductor cross-sections

and diameters into AWG numbers
(American Wire Gauge)
British and US dimensions for cables and lines
Within the US sphere of influence, the dimensions of copper conductors for
power and telecommunications applications are generally given in AWG
numbers.
These correspond as follows:

Conductor
AWG Diameter Cross-section
resistance
No. mm mm2 Ω/km
500 17.96 253,0 0.07
350 15.03 177,0 0.10
250 12.70 127,0 0.14
4/0 11.68 107.2 0.18
3/0 10.40 85,0 0.23
2/0 9.27 67.5 0.29
1/0 8.25 53.5 0.37
1 7.35 42.4 0.47
2 6.54 33.6 0.57
4 5.19 21.2 0.91
6 4.12 13.3 1.44
8 3.26 8.37 2.36
10 2.59 5.26 3.64
12 2.05 3.31 5.41
14 1.63 2.08 8.79
16 1.29 1.31 14.7
18 1.024 0.823 23,0

44
 Overcurrent protection devices (low-voltage fuses)
Fuse inserts
Size of Rated heat loss
Rated Colour fuse insert in W Screw cap
System, rated voltage current of System System
in A indicator
D DO D DO System Thread Gauge piece

2 Pink 3.3 2.5 ND E16 Gauge ring

4 Brown 2.3 1.8 D II E27 Adaptor screw

ND
6 Green and DO1 2.3 1.8 D III E33 Adaptor screw
D II
10 Red 2.6 2.0 DIV H R1 1/4″ Adaptor sleeve
50
16 Grey 2.8 2.2 DO1 E14
D system (Diazed),
500 V to 100 A Socket fitting
AC 660 V, 20 Blue 3.3 2.5 DO2 E18
insert
DC 600 V to 63 A D II
25 Yellow 3.9 3.0 DO3 M30 x 2

35 Black DO2 5.2 4.0

ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 45 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

50 White D III 6.5 5.0

The dimensions of the fuse inserts

36 63 Copper 7.1 5.5 depend on the rated current.

DO system (Neozed), 80 Silver 8.5 6.5

AC 400 V,
DC 250 V to 100 A D IV H DO3
100 Red 9.1 7.0

45
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 46 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Categories of low-voltage fuses

Functional categories
Full-range fuses provide overload protection and short-circuit
protection.
g They are able to continuously conduct currents up to their rated
current, and reliably disconnect currents from the smallest fusing
current to the rated breaking current.
Partial-range fuses only protect against short-circuits.
They are able to continuously conduct currents up to their rated
a
current, but can only disconnect currents above a multiple of their
rated current up to the rated breaking current.

Operating categories
gL Full-range cable and line protection
gR Full-range semi-conductor protection
gB Full-range mining installation protection
gTr Full-range transformer protection
aM Partial-range switchgear protection
aR Partial-range semi-conductor protection

Types of protected objects

L Cable and line protection
R Semi-conductor protection
M Switchgear protection
B Mining and plant protection
Tr Transformer protection
The low-voltage fuses are indicated by 2 letters, e.g. gL.

46
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 47 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Explanation of fuses as protective devices

in the low-voltage range
Fuses are high-quality technical protection elements which reliably discon-
nect even the highest short-circuit currents within a very limited space.
Before an impermissible overcurrent load can result in damage to equipment
and cables, the fuse inserts in the fuse systems D 02, D and NH to DIN
EN 60 269-1/VDE 0636 will disconnect reliably. Reliable functioning in
continuous operation over many years and prompt disconnection in the
event of a fault are attributable to the careful design of the individual compo-
nents, particularly the fuse-element. The fuse-elements, designed as so-
called rupture points in the circuit, are dimensioned in such a way that not
only do they disconnect safely and reliably in conjunction with the arc extin-
guishing medium (quartz sand), but also ensure a high level of resistance
to ageing, a low intrinsic temperature of the fuse, and only minimal power
losses. The fusible link which acts in the overload range is attached to the
fuse-element strip so precisely that the quantity and position of the solder
to the narrow points is only subject to negligible deviations. Consequently,
D 02, D and NH fuse inserts have extremely low variance in their time/cur-
rent response, thereby enabling a narrow selective grading of fuse inserts.
The fusible link used has a relatively high melting point in order to exclude
influences of the ambient temperature on time/current response as far as
possible. The time/current curves of the fuse insert manufacturers indicate
the melting time / break time depending on an uninfluenced overcurrent.
The time/current curves provided in these characteristic sheets are mean
values for the ratio between melting time/current, and do not apply to pre-
loaded fuse inserts.
In general, these values refer to an ambient temperature of 20 ± 5 degrees
C. In the range of higher short-circuit currents, the current curve is divided
into melt time and break time, whereby the difference between these on the
time axis is the respective arcing time. This, in turn, also depends to a large
extent on the operating voltage and the level of the breaking current, as well
as the power factor of the network. The time/current curve values are speci-
fied by VDE regulation 0636 and and must not deviate from these specifica-
tions by more than 10 % in the direction of the current axis. Regarding the
ambient temperature, fuse inserts are capable of conducting their rated
current continuously at 55 degrees C. Fuses have excellent properties for
limiting current. At very high currents, they melt so quickly that the short-
circuit current (Is) can only occur at a low level.

47
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 48 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

The highest instantaneous value of the current achieved during the breaking
procedure is known as the cut-off current (ID). Values for current limitation,
and hence specification of the cut-off current ID, can be found in the manu-
facturers’ data sheets for the respective fuse inserts.

Type-tested and partially type-tested combinations

The standard governing the manufacture of low-voltage switchgear and
distributors is:
DIN EN 60 439-1 (DIN VDE 0660 Part 500)
Low-voltage switchgear combinations – Requirements for type-tested and
partially type-tested assemblies.
This standard makes a distinction between
● type-tested assemblies (TTA) and
● partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA).
The diagram below indicates the procedure for constructing a ready-to-use
system as a type-tested or partially type-tested assembly.

Difference between TTA and PTTA

DIN EN 60 439-1
(DIN VDE 0660 Part 500 and Part 504)

TTA PTTA

Pre-assembled Type-tested Type-tested Non-type-tested

and pre-wired in components components components
the factory

Enclosure Enclosure Type testing

construction construction or calculation
on the basis of
tests carried out
(extrapolation)
Unit testing Unit testing Unit testing

Ready-to-use Ready-to-use Ready-to-use

system system system

48
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 49 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Hygienic Design

For the design of production plant in open processes in

R

the food and consumables industry where ease of cleaning

is crucial.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 50 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal TopConsole System

Powerful partner to the TS/CM platform. Without limitations,

R

both inside and out – the TopConsole with integrated

modularity. Suitable for configuration with the extensive range
of Rittal system accessories.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 51 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Terms to DIN EN 60 909-0 VDE 0102/0103 for

short-circuit currents in three-phase systems
Peak short-circuit current ip
The maximum permissible instantaneous value of the anticipated short-
circuit current.
Note: The size of the peak short-circuit current depends on the moment
when the short-circuit occurs. Calculation of the peak short-circuit current ip
in a three-pole short-circuit refers to the conductor and the moment at which
the maximum possible current occurs.
Sustained short-circuit current Ik
The effective value of the short-circuit current which is retained once all
transient reactions have decayed.
Initial symmetrical short-circuit current Ik˝
The effective value of the symmetrical AC component of an anticipated
short-circuit current at the moment of occurrence of the short-circuit, if the
short-circuit impedance retains the value at the time zero.
Illustration: Progression
of the short-circuit current
over time with remote
short-circuit (diagrammatic
Current
representation).
Ik˝ Initial symmetrical
Decaying DC component iDC
short-circuit current
ip Peak short-circuit
current
2 2I k ″

ik Sustained short-circuit
lp

2 2I k = 2 2I k ″
A

current
iDC Decaying DC compo-
Time
nent of the short-circuit
current
A Initial value of DC
component iDC
Thermal short-circuit current Ith
Busbars, including their operating equipment, are likewise subject to thermal
stress in the event of a short-circuit. The thermal stress depends on the
level, time pattern and duration of the short-time current. The short-circuit
current Ith is defined as the thermally effective mean whose effective value
generates the same amount of heat as the short-circuit current which is
variable in its DC and AC components during the short-circuit period ik.

51
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 52 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

D system, DO system (D-type fuse-links)

The D system and the DO system are distinguished by the fact that the fuse
insert is non-interchangeable in terms of its rated current and contact haz-
ard protection. It is suitable for both industrial applications and domestic
installations, and can be used by laypersons. D fuses consist of a fuse base,
a fuse insert, a screw cap and a gauge piece.
The following points should be observed with the DO system: DO fuses
consist of a fuse base, a fuse insert, a screw cap and a gauge piece. The
DO system differs from the D system in that it has a different rated voltage
and different dimensions.
– Approval: Still only approved in Germany, Austria, Denmark and Norway.
– Rated voltage: 400 V, compared with DII for 500 (660 V),
DIII always for 660 V.

NH system
The NH system (low-voltage high-breaking-capacity fuse system) is a stand-
ardised fuse system consisting of a fuse base, the replaceable fuse insert
and the control component for replacing the fuse insert. NH fuses may also
have fuse monitors and tripping mechanisms.
It is not non-interchangeable with regard to the rated current and contact
hazard protection; consequently, the NH system is not suitable for use by
laypeople.

Operating categories
Operating categories are indicated by two letters, the first showing the
functional category, the second the object to be protected.

Functional categories
These specify the current range within with the fuse protection is able to
disconnect.
– Functional category g:
Full range breaking capacity fuse-links. Fuse inserts which continuously
conduct currents at least up to their rated current and are able to discon-
nect currents from the smallest fusing current up to the rated breaking
current (protection against overload and short-circuit).
– Functional category a:
Partial range breaking capacity fuse-links. Fuse inserts which continu-
ously conduct currents at least up to their rated current and are able to
disconnect currents above a given multiple of their rated current up to the
rated breaking current (protection against short-circuits).

52
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 53 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Specified protection objects

L: Cable and line
M: Switchgear
R: Semi-conductors
B: Mining installations
Tr: Transformers

This produces the following operating categories:

gL: Full-range cable and line protection
aM: Partial-range switchgear protection
aR: Partial-range semi-conductor protection
gR: Full-range semi-conductor protection
gB: Full-range mining installation protection
gTr: Full-range transformer protection

Rated voltages/rated currents

(NH and D system)

Rated voltage ––
--- 440 V
Size
~ 500 V ~ 660 V
NH 00, NH 00/000 6 A – 160 A 6 A – 100 A
NH 01) 6 A – 160 A –
NH 1 80 A – 250 A 80 A – 250 A a)
NH 2 125 A – 400 A 125 A – 315 A
NH 3 315 A – 630 A 315 A – 500 A
NH 4a 500 A – 1250 A 500 A – 800 A
D 01 (E 14) max. 16 A – –
D 02 (E 18) max. 63 A – – b)
D II (E 27) max. 25 A max. 25 A –
D III (E 33) max. 63 A max. 63 A max. 63 A
a) NH… fuse insert
b) D… fuse insert
1) Only as a spare

53
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 54 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Heat loss (NH and D system)

Size Heat loss
max. fuse insert max. fuse insert
gL at rated current aM at rated current
500 V 660 V 500 V 660 V
NH 00 7.5 W 10 W 7.5 W 9W
NH 00 16.5 W – – –
NH 10 23.5 W 23 W 23.5 W 28 W
NH 20 34.5 W 34 W 34.5 W 41 W
NH 30 48.5 W 48 W 48.5 W 58 W
NH 4a 110, W 70 W 110, W 110 W

Rated current of a
Heat loss
fuse insert
500 V 660 V
2A 3.3 W 3.6 W
4/6 A 2.3 W 2.6 W
10 A 2.6 W 2.8 W
16 A 2.8 W 3.1 W
20 A 3.3 W 3.6 W
25 A 3.9 W 4.3 W
35 A 5.2 W 5.7 W
50 A 6.5 W 7.2 W
63 A 7.1 W 7.8 W
80 A 8.5 W –
100 A 9.1 W –

54
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 55 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Continuous currents for busbars

Made from copper to DIN 43 671:1975-12 with square cross-section
in indoor locations at 35°C air temperature and 65°C bar temperature,
vertical position or horizontal position of the bar width.

Width Cross- Weight Material Continuous current in A

x section 1) 2)
AC current DC current +
thickness AC current
up to 60 Hz 16 2/3 Hz
Bare Coated Bare Coated
mm mm2 busbar busbar busar busbar
12 x 2 23.5 0.209 108 123 108 123
15 x 2 29.5 0.262 128 148 128 148
15 x 3 44.5 0.396 162 187 162 187
20 x 2 39.5 0.351 162 189 162 189
20 x 3 59.5 0.529 204 237 204 237
20 x 5 99.1 0.882 274 319 274 320
20 x 10 199,0 1.770 427 497 428 499
25 x 3 74.5 0.663 245 287 245 287
25 x 5 124.0 1.110 327 384 327 384
30 x 3 89.5 0.796 285 337 286 337
E-Cu
30 x 5 149,0 1.330 379 447 380 448
F 30
30 x 10 299,0 2.660 573 676 579 683
40 x 3 119,0 1.060 366 435 367 436
40 x 5 199,0 1.770 482 573 484 576
40 x 10 399,0 3.550 715 850 728 865
50 x 5 249,0 2.220 583 697 588 703
50 x 10 499,0 4.440 852 1020 875 1050
60 x 5 299,0 2.660 688 826 996 836
60 x 10 599,0 5.330 985 1180 1020 1230
80 x 5 399,0 3.550 885 1070 902 1090
80 x 10 799,0 7.110 1240 1500 1310 1590
1) Calculated with a density of 8.9 kg/dm3
2) Reference basis for continuous current values
(Values taken from DIN 43 671)

55
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 56 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

RiLine60 – Perfection in a 60 mm system

Time-saving assembly, versatile applications and individual

R

modularity are the winning features of the new Rittal RiLine60

busbar system.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 57 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Calculation of heat loss in busbars

The heat loss of busbars and individual circuits must be calculated by the
system manufacturers themselves, using the following formula:
IB2
r
l
Pv = [W]
-------------------------------------
1000

Where:

Pv Heat loss in W;
IB Rated current of affected circuit/busbars in A;
I Length of conductor through which IB flows in m;
r Resistance of cable system, or in the case of busbars,
resistance of busbar system in mΩ/m.

Note:
The rated current specified for a busbar arrangement is the maximum per-
missible current which this busbar is able to conduct on its entire length.
Often, the heat loss calculated with this rated current does not represent a
realistic value.
Depending on the spatial division of the power supply (or supplies) and
outlets, busbars conduct graduated “operating currents”. Therefore, it is
expedient for heat loss to be calculated section by section directly with these
actual currents.
In order to calculate heat loss according to the above formula, in individual
cases, the following can be assumed to be known: the rated current of a
circuit or the “operating currents” of the busbar sections, and the corre-
sponding length of the conductor system in the installation or distributor.
By contrast, the resistance of conductor systems – particularly the AC
current resistance of busbar arrangements – cannot simply be taken from
a document or determined yourself. For this reason, and in order to obtain
comparable results when determining heat losses, the table on page 61
shows the resistance values in mΩ/m for the most common cross-sections
of copper busbars.

57
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 58 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Background information on
UL 508 and UL 508A
Application areas for UL 508 and UL 508A
UL 508 describes industrial control equipment and is therefore the deci-
sive standard for the assessment of Rittal SV components.
By contrast, UL 508A describes industrial control panels and is the deci-
sive standard for the construction of control enclosures for the switchgear
manufacturer. Standard UL 508A makes a distinction between feeder
circuits and branch & control circuits. Generally speaking, the term “feeder
circuits” refers to the part of the circuit located at the supply end before the
last over-current protective device. Increased requirements with regard to
creepage distances and clearances apply to this part of the circuit. The term
“branch & control circuits” refers to the part of the circuit located after the
last over-current protective device. When using busbar systems, it is impor-
tant to know whether the application is in the feeder section or the branch
section, as the requirements governing the required creepage distances and
clearances are significantly higher for feeder circuits.

Important notes for the use of busbar systems to UL 508

One of the principal changes in UL 508A is the amendment to the required
creepage distances and clearances for feeder circuits. The following dis-
tances are required for applications > 250 V:
Between phases:
● Creepage distance 50.8 mm (2 inches)
● Clearance 25.4 mm (1 inch)
Between phase and earthed, uninsulated metal parts:
● Creepage distance 25.4 mm (1 inch)
● Clearance 25.4 mm (1 inch)
Rittal RiLine60 complies with these requirements. All busbar connection adap-
tors and component adaptors (OM with standard AWG connection cables and
circuit-breaker adaptors) in the new system have been designed in accordance
with these requirements. However, users should bear in mind a small number
of differences from the IEC version:
● Special UL busbar supports for flat bars and Rittal PLS with increased
creepage distances and clearances.
● Use of the Rittal RiLine60 base tray is required in order to comply with
the necessary minimum distances from the mounting plate.

58
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 59 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

1. Rated currents
For untested busbar applications, UL 508A specifies a current carrying capac-
ity of 1000 A/inch2 (1.55 A/mm2) in the absence of testing. This value may be
higher if the product or application has undergone suitable testing. Rittal has
conducted extensive testing in this respect in order to give users the maximum
benefits when using the RiLine60 busbar system. The benefit of such testing is
that busbar systems with higher rated currents may be used than permitted by
the default value. For example, a busbar with the dimensions 30 x 10 mm can
carry 700 A instead of 465 A.

2. Terminals for factory or field wiring

In accordance with the UL standards, connection clamps may be approved
for factory or field wiring. If a terminal is approved for factory wiring, it may
only be used in switchgear assembly by suitably trained professionals.
If connection clamps are to be used in the field (e.g. on a construction site),
the component must be approved for field wiring. For this reason, the termi-
nals of RiLine60 busbar connection and component adaptors meet the
requirements for field wiring.

59
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 60 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rittal Power Engineering

The configurator for Ri4Power
low-voltage switchgear
For
● Form 1: High-current power distributors
● Form 2-4: Low-voltage switchgear
● ISV: Distribution enclosures

The multi-lingual software package includes the following functions:

● Project handling, from the initial enquiry through to ordering
● Complete, automatic function for the generation of bills of materials and
a calculation program for producing a quote
● Calculation of assembly times
● Access to the entire range of Rittal products
● Output of orders, including combining of several projects into one order
● Generation of special fields configured by the customer with graphical
processing in the CAD view
● Import/export interfaces for product and CAD data
● Export function for order and parts lists in Excel or CSV format
● Calculation based on current copper price
● Integration of the new product range with subdivisions to Forms 2, 3
and 4 (Ri4Power).
● Interface to Eplan Electric P8,
for the export of CAD data and bills
of materials
● The extra benefit for engineering and
planning offices: Output of detailed
tender texts on the basis of systems
project-planned in Power Engineering
in MS Word/GAEB format.

Model No. SV 3020.300

60
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 61 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Resistance of copper busbars in order to calculate their heat loss

when used for DC current (rGS) or AC current (rWS)

Resistance per 1 m of busbar system per mΩ/m1)

II II II III III III
Dimen- I III
3x2 3x3
sions of 1 main 3 main
main main
strand2) conductor conductors
conductors conductors
rGS rWS rGS rWS rGS rWS rGS rWS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 12 x 2 0.871 0.871 2.613 2.613
2 15 x 2 0.697 0.697 2.091 2.091
3 15 x 3 0.464 0.464 1.392 1.392
4 20 x 2 0.523 0.523 1.569 1.569
5 20 x 3 0.348 0.348 1.044 1.044
6 20 x 5 0.209 0.209 0.627 0.627
7 20 x 10 0.105 0.106 0.315 0.318 0.158 0.160
8 25 x 3 0.279 0.279 0.837 0.837 0.419 0.419
9 25 x 5 0.167 0.167 0.501 0.501 0.251 0.254
10 30 x 3 0.348 0.348 1.044 1.044 0.522 0.527
11 30 x 5 0.139 0.140 0.417 0.421 0.209 0.211
12 40 x 10 0.070 0.071 0.210 0.214 0.105 0.109
13 40 x 3 0.174 0.174 0.522 0.522 0.261 0.266
14 40 x 5 0.105 0.106 0.315 0.318 0.158 0.163
15 40 x 10 0.052 0.054 0.156 0.162 0.078 0.084 0.052 0.061
16 50 x 5 0.084 0.086 0.252 0.257 0.126 0.132 0.084 0.092
18 60 x 5 0.070 0.071 0.210 0.214 0.105 0.112 0.070 0.079
19 60 x 10 0.035 0.037 0.105 0.112 0.053 0.062 0.035 0.047
20 80 x 5 0.052 0.054 0.156 0.162 0.078 0.087 0.052 0.062
21 80 x 10 0.026 0.029 0.078 0.087 0.039 0.049 0.026 0.039
22 100 x 5 0.042 0.045 0.126 0.134 0.063 0.072 0.042 0.053
23 100 x 10 0.021 0.024 0.063 0.072 0.032 0.042 0.021 0.033
24 120 x 10 0.017 0.020 0.051 0.060 0.026 0.036 0.017 0.028
Key to symbols:
rGS Total resistance of busbar system when used for DC current in mΩ/m
rWS Total resistance of busbar system when used for AC current in mΩ/m

Footnotes:
1) The resistance figures are based on an assumed
average conductor temperature of 65°C
(ambient temperature + self-heating) and a specific resistance of mΩ ⋅ mm 2
ρ = 20.9 --------------------------
-
m
2) Dimensions match those of standard DIN 43 671

61
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 62 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Current correction
for Cu busbar systems
In DIN 43 671 on measuring continuous current for copper busbars, Table 1
shows continuous currents which generate a busbar temperature of 65°C in
busbars of E-Cu with a square cross-section in internal installations at an air
temperature of 35°C.
Higher bar temperatures are permissible and depend on the material com-
ing into direct contact with the bars.
For other temperature conditions, Figure 2 of DIN 43 671 shows a correction
factor which is multiplied by the original rated current to obtain the new per-
missible rated current.
Generally speaking, busbar systems are purpose-designed for use in en-
closures. In addition, because an enclosure protection category of IP 54 or
IP 55 is usually required, a more favourable emission level of copper bars
than 0.4 can be assumed compared with the table figures in DIN 43 671
for bare Cu bars, and consequently, a higher rated current load of around
6 – 10 % of the levels specified in the DIN table is possible.
On this basis, the following current correction may be implemented:
Example:
Bar cross-section
30 x 10 mm 2.2 0°C
Permissible bar 2.1 5
10
temperature 85°C 2.0 15
20
Ambient temperature 1.9 25
35°C 1.8 30
35
From Figure 2 correction 1.7 40
45
factor 1.6 50
K2 = 1.29 1.5 55
60
I1 = IN
k2 = 573 A
1.29 = 1.4 65
Ambient temperature

740 A 1.3
Correction factor k2

1.2
To this end, 8 % = 60 A
1.1
is added to the (assumed) 1.0
more favourable emission 0.9
level of the bars,
0.8
producing the new 0.7
permissible rated current: 0.6
IN = I1 + I1
8/100 = 0.5
740 A + 60 A = 800 A 0.4
0.3
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 °C

Bar temperature

62
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 63 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Rated motor currents

of three-phase motors
(Guideline values for squirrel-cage rotors)
The smallest possible short-circuit fuse for three-phase motors
The maximum value is based on the switchgear or motor protective relay.
The rated motor currents apply to standard, internally and surface-cooled
three-phase motors with 1500 rpm.
Direct start:
Start-up current max. 6 x rated motor current; start-up time max. 5 s.
Y/∆ start:
Start-up current max. 2 x rated motor current; start-up time 15 s.
Rated fuse currents with Y/∆ start also apply to three-phase motors with
slipring rotors. For a higher rated/start-up current and /or longer start-up
time, a larger fuse should be used.
The table applies to “slow”/“gl” fuses (VDE 0636).
In the case of NH fuses with aM characteristics, a fuse is selected
which matches the rated current.
220 V/230 V 380 V/400 V 500 V 660 V/690 V
Motor output Rated Fuse Rated Fuse Rated Fuse Rated Fuse
motor motor motor motor
cur- Start- cur- Start- cur- Start- cur- Start-
rent up rent up rent up rent up
η direct Y/∆ direct Y/∆ direct Y/∆ direct Y/∆
kW cos ϕ % A A A A A A A A A A A A

0.25 0.7 62 1.4 4 2 0.8 2 2 0.6 2 – 0.5 2 –

0.37 0.72 64 2.1 6 4 1.2 4 2 0.9 2 2 0.7 2 –
0.55 0.75 69 2.7 10 4 1.6 4 2 1.2 4 2 0.9 4 2
0.75 0.8 74 3.4 10 4 2 6 4 1.5 4 2 1.1 4 2
1.1 0.83 77 4.5 10 6 2.6 6 4 2 6 4 1.5 4 2
1.5 0.83 78 6 16 10 3.5 6 4 2.6 6 4 2 6 4
2.2 0.83 81 8.7 20 10 5 10 6 3.7 10 4 2.9 10 4
3 0.84 81 11.5 25 16 6.6 16 10 5 16 6 3.5 10 4
4 0.84 82 15 32 16 8.5 20 10 6.4 16 10 4.9 16 6
5.5 0.85 83 20 32 25 11.5 25 16 9 20 16 6.7 16 10
7.5 0.86 85 27 50 32 15.5 32 16 11.5 25 16 9 20 10
11 0.86 87 39 80 40 22.5 40 25 17 32 20 13 25 16
15 0.86 87 52 100 63 30 63 32 22.5 50 25 17.5 32 20
18.5 0.86 88 64 125 80 36 63 40 28 50 32 21 32 25
22 0.87 89 75 125 80 43 80 50 32 63 32 25 50 25
30 0.87 90 100 200 100 58 100 63 43 80 50 33 63 32
37 0.87 90 124 200 125 72 125 80 54 100 63 42 80 50
45 0.88 91 147 250 160 85 160 100 64 125 80 49 80 63
55 0.88 91 180 250 200 104 200 125 78 160 80 60 100 63
75 0.88 91 246 315 250 142 200 160 106 200 125 82 160 100
90 0.88 92 292 400 315 169 250 200 127 200 160 98 160 100
110 0.88 92 357 500 400 204 315 200 154 250 160 118 200 125
132 0.88 92 423 630 500 243 400 250 182 250 200 140 250 160
160 0.88 93 500 630 630 292 400 315 220 315 250 170 250 200
200 0.88 93 620 800 630 368 500 400 283 400 315 214 315 250
250 0.88 93 – – – 465 630 500 355 500 400 268 400 315

63
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 64 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Cable glands to standard: DIN EN 50 262

Safety standard, no requirements governing the shape
of the cable gland

Metric thread Hole diameter +– 0.2

0.4
M6 6.5
M8 8.5
M10 10.5
M12 12.5
M16 16.5
M20 20.5
M25 25.5
M32 32.5
M40 40.5
M50 50.5
M63 64.5
M75 75.5

Technical specifications for the installation

of PG screwed cable glands

PG thread Nominal thread

DIN 40 430 Ø d1 Ø d2 p Ø d3
PG 7 11.28 12.50 1.27 13.0 ± 0.2
PG 9 13.35 15.20 1.41 15.7 ± 0.2
PG 11 17.26 18.60 1.41 19.0 ± 0.2
PG 13.5 19.06 20.40 1.41 21.0 ± 0.2
PG 16 21.16 22.50 1.41 23.0 ± 0.2
PG 21 26.78 28.30 1.588 28.8 ± 0.2
PG 29 35.48 37.00 1.588 37.5 ± 0.3
PG 36 45.48 47.00 1.588 47.5 ± 0.3
PG 42 52.48 54.00 1.588 54.5 ± 0.3
PG 48 57.73 59.30 1.588 59.8 ± 0.3
d1 = Core diameter d3 = Hole diameter
d2 = External diameter p = Pitch

64
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 65 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Hole patterns and holes to DIN 43 673

Bar
12 to 50 25 to 60 60 80 to 100
widths
Shape1) 1 2 3 4

Holes in

2
b
2

Ø 13.5
the bar
b

Ø 13.5
b
d

b e3
b

e3

b
ends
d

2
e1 e2 e1
(drilling e2 e1

2
b
e2 e1
pattern) 80

Nomi-
nal
d e1 d e1 e2 e1 e2 e3 e1 e2 e3
width
b
12 5.5 6,5 – – – – – – – – –
Hole size

15 6.6 7.5 – – – – – – – – –
20 9.0 10,5 – – – – – – – – –
25 11,5 12.5 11,5 12.5 30 – – – – – –
30 11,5 15,5 11,5 15,5 30 – – – – – –
40 13.5 20,5 13.5 20,5 40 – – – – – –
Hole size

50 13.5 25,5 13.5 20,5 40 – – – – – –

60 – – 13.5 20,5 40 17 26 26 – – –
80 – – – – – – – – 20 40 40
100 – – – – – – – – 20 40 50
Permissible deviations for hole-centre distances ± 0.3 mm
1) Shape designations 1 – 4 match DIN 46 206, part 2 – Flat-type screw terminal

65
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 66 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Examples of busbar screw connections

Longitudinal connections
e1 e2 e1
e1 e2 e1
e1 e 1 e1 e2 e1

b
b
b
b

Angular connections
e1

e1 e2 e1
e1

e1
e2
e1

e2
b
e1

e1
b b

T-connections
e1

e1 e2 e1
e1

e1
e2
e1

e2
e1

b
e1

b b

Dimensions b, d, e1 and e2 as shown in the table on page 65.

Slots are permissible in the end of a bar or end of a bar stack.

66
 Internal and external diameters of conduits
Plastic insulated conduits Armoured steel conduit and steel conduit
Flexible insulated conduits,
Nominal Rigid insulating conduits Flexible
corrugated Armoured steel conduit
conduit Mechanical stresses steel conduit
Mechanical stress
size
(type) Medium and Medium and
Light Heavy
heavy light
Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Thread Diameter Diameter
internal external internal external internal external internal external Short- internal external internal external
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm term mm mm mm mm

9.0 8.8 10.1 12.6 15.2 9.6 13.0 – – PG 90.0 13.2 15.2 10.8 15.2
11.0 11.6 13.0 16.0 18.6 11.3 15.8 13.5 18.6 PG 11.0 16.4 18.6 14.0 18.6
13.5 14.2 15.8 17.5 20.4 14.3 18.7 14.2 20.4 PG 13.5 18.0 20.4 15.6 20.4
16.0 16.7 18.7 19.4 22.5 16.5 21.2 16.0 22.5 PG 16.0 19.9 22.5 17.4 22.5
21.0 19.2 21.2 24.9 28.3 – – 22.0 28.3 PG 21.0 25.5 28.3 23.2 28.3
23.0 25.9 28.5 – – 23.3 28.5 – – – – – – –
29.0 – – 33.6 37.0 29.0 34.5 29.8 37.0 PG 29.0 34.2 37.0 31.4 37.0
36.0 – – 42.8 47.0 36.2 42.5 38.5 47.0 PG 36.0 44.0 47.0 40.8 47.0
42.0 – – 49.6 54.0 – – – – PG 42.0 51.0 54.0 46.7 54.0
ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 67 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

48.0 – – 54.7 59.3 47.7 54.5 – – PG 48.0 55.8 59.3 51.8 59.3

67
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 68 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Colour coding of resistors

1st ring =^ 2nd ring =^ ^
3rd ring = ^
4th ring =
Colour
1st digit 2nd digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black – 0 1 –
Brown 1 1 10 ±1%
Red 2 2 102 ±2%
Orange 3 3 103 –
Yellow 4 4 104 –
Green 5 5 105 ± 0.5 %
Blue 6 6 106 –
Violet 7 7 107 –
Grey 8 8 108 –
White 9 9 109 –
Gold – – 0.1 ± 5%
Silver – – 0.01 ± 10 %
Colourless – – – ± 20 %

Black Brown Red

Orange Green Grey
Yellow Gold Violet Gold Blue Silver

5% 5% 10 %
43 – = 43 Ω 750 = 750 Ω 6800 = 68 k Ω

68
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 69 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Designation of terminals and power cables

For DC current For three-phase and AC current
Three- Outer conductor L1, L2, L3
phase
current Neutral conductor N
Positive conductor L+ Connection
to three- L1, L2 or L2,
Negative conductor L– Delta phase L3 or L3, L1
Single- voltage network
Neutral conductor M phase Independ- L1, L2
current ent network
N with L1 or
Star voltage L2 or L3
Inter- Primary Secondary
Armature A-B Three- linked U. V. W u. v. w
phase
current Non-inter- Primary Secondary
Parallel winding for self-excitation C-D linked U-X, V-Y, W-Z u-x, v-y, w-z
Series winding E-F General U-V –
Commutating or
compensating winding Single- Main
G-H phase U-V –
Commutating winding with winding
compensating winding current
Separate Commutating GW- Auxiliary W-Z –
commutating winding HW winding
and Multi-
compensating Compensating GK- Neutral or N
phase n
winding winding HK star point
current
Separately excited DC current
J-K J-K
field windings excitation winding
Mains L Three- Interlinked u. v. w
Second- phase
Terminal ary starter current Non-
Starter for con- Armature R u-x, v-y, w-z
interlinked
nection to Parallel connected
M X, Y, Z
winding Three- in star point
Primary phase Between
starter U-X, V-Y,
current mains and
Parallel W-Z
s motor
winding
Field
Field s
winding
rheostat Armature
for voltage Terminal or t
Exciter
for con- Terminals mains
and mains t
nection to Field DC for to field
speed
control rheostat current connection rheostat
Armature to
or mains Exciter
q mains
for short- q
circuit short-
circuit
Cur- Secondary
rent Primary side side
con- K-L k-l
verter

69
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Electronic symbols to DIN 30 600

Mains switch
Off Unlock
on/off

On Mains switch Lock

Start Jog Pause

Quick start Disconnect Brake

STOP Connect Release brake

Quick stop, Preliminary Pump

prepare switching

Light,
Manual switch Horn illumination

Bell,
Foot-switch Result acoustic
signal

Manual Change
actuation of size

70
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Protection category symbols to DIN EN 60 529

Abbreviation Comparable Symbol Degree of protection
to DIN with NEMA Water Foreign
EN 60 529 Standard 250 body
IP 00 – – – No protection
IP 20 – – – Protection against contact with
the fingers; protection against
medium-sized foreign bodies
(> 12 mm);
no protection against water
IP 30 2 – – Protection against contact with the
fingers; protection against small
foreign bodies (> 2.5 mm);
no protection against water
IP 40 – – – Protection against contact with
tools; protection against solid
bodies (> 1 mm);
no protection against water
IP 43 3R Protection against contact with
––– tools; protection against solid
bodies (> 1 mm);
protection against spraying water
IP 54 – Complete contact hazard
protection;
protection against dust deposits;
protection against splashing water
IP 65 12/13 Complete contact hazard
protection;
complete protection against dust
(dust-tight);
protection against water jets
IP 66 4/4 x Complete contact hazard
protection;
complete protection against dust
(dust-tight);
protection in case of flooding
IP 67 6 Complete contact hazard
protection;
complete protection against dust
(dust-tight);
protection against immersion
(water-tight)

71
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Graphical symbols to DIN EN 60 617/IEC 60 617

Graphical symbols and description Graphical symbols and description

Make contact, Fuse,

normally open general
contact
Break contact, Fuse with labelling
normally closed of the mains-end
contact connection

Change-over Surge voltage

contact protector, overvoltage
protector
5 Make contact, 2-way
make contact with Spark gap
3 switching positions

Drive, general e.g. Double spark gap

for relays, protection
Latching mechanism
with electromechani- Normally closed
cal release contact, with
delayed opening
Normally closed Normally open
contact, with contact, with
delayed closing delayed closing
Normally open Electromechanical
contact, with drive with two
delayed opening opposite windings
Isolator switch,
off-load switch
Electromechanical
drive, with
Fuse-disconnector wattmetric action

72
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Graphical symbols to DIN EN 60 617 (continued)

Graphical symbols and description Graphical symbols and description

Electromechanical Electromechanical
drive, e.g. with drive with specifica-
specification of an 500 tion of DC current
effective winding resistance,
e.g. 500 Ohm
Electromechanical
drive with specifica- Electromechanical
tion of an effective drive with specifica-
I > tion of the electrical
winding, optional
portrayal variable

Electromechanical Electromechanical
drive with two equidi- drive with natural res-
20 Hz onance, e.g. 20 Hz
rectional windings

Electromechanical Thermal relay

drive with two equidi-
rectional windings, Electromechanical
optional portrayal drive with pickup
delay
Electromechanical Electromechanical
drive with two equidi- drive with dropout
A A delay
rectional windings,
optional portrayal Electromechanical
drive with pickup and
dropout delay
Polarized relay with
permanent magnet Reverse-current
I
release

Latching relay Fault current

I>
T
T

circuit breaker

Remanence relay Electrothermal

over-current trip

Overvoltage
AC relay U> release

73
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Graphical symbols to DIN EN 60 617 (continued)

Graphical symbols and description Graphical symbols and description

Electromechanical Undervoltage
drive with two U release
switching positions
Undervoltage
U release with
Electromechanical delayed release
drive with two
switching positions, Fault voltage release
U
optional portrayal
Electromechanical Electromechanical
3 drive with three drive, excited
switching positions
Normally open con-
Electromechanical tact with automatic
overcurrent release return, actuated
I
with delayed release
Remanence relay
* *
If voltage is applied
I Undercurrent release to the winding
connection marked
with an * (asterisk), then contact is
made at the point on the contact
element marked with an * (asterisk).

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Code letters for labelling operating equipment

to DIN EN 61 346-1/IEC 61 346-1
Code
Device categories letters Examples
Assemblies A Equipment combinations, amplifiers
Converters of non- Measurement converters, sensors, microphones,
B
electrical variables to photoelectric components, sound pick-ups,
electrical variables speakers
Capacitors C All types of capacitor
Binary elements, delay D Digital integrated circuits and components, delay lines,
and memory devices bistable elements, monostable elements, core memory,
registers, magnetic tape devices, disk storage
Miscellaneous E Equipment not listed elsewhere, such as lighting,
heaters
Protective equipment F Fuses, releases
Generators G Power supply units, batteries, oscillators
Indicator devices H Optical and acoustic indicator devices
Contactors, relays K Power contactors, contactor relays, auxiliary,
time and flasher relays
Inductors L Coils, throttles
Motors M Short circuit motor, slipring rotor motor
Analog components N Operational amplifiers, hybrid analog/digital
elements
Measurement and P Displaying, recording and counting measuring
test equipment equipment
Circuit-breakers Q Power circuit-breakers, protective circuit-breakers,
miniature circuit-breakers
Resistors R Shunt resistors, rheostats, NTC and PTC resistors
Switches, selectors S Switches, end switches, control switches
Transformers T Power transformers, current converters
Modulators U Power inverters, transducers, converters
Tubes, V Vacuum tubes, gas-filled tubes, diodes, transistors,
semi-conductors thyristors
Transmission paths, W
Jumper wires, cables, busbars, aerials
hollow conductors
Plug-and-socket devices X Terminal strips, solder tag strips, test plugs
Electrically actuated Y
Magnetic valves, couplings, electric brakes
mechanical devices
Covers, filters Z Cable emulations, crystal filters

75
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Graphical symbols for electrical installation

to DIN EN 60 617/IEC 60 617
Graphical symbol Description
General

DC current
AC current, particularly
technical AC current
Three-phase current with neutral
3/N 50 Hz conductor and specification
of the frequency, e.g. 50 Hz

Audio-frequency AC current

High-frequency AC current

Conductor systems and labelling for types of installation

Conductor, general

Conductor, mobile

Underground conductor,
e.g. earth cable
Overground conductor,
e.g. overhead cable

Conductor on isolators

Surface-mounted conductor

Semi-flush-mounted conductor

Concealed conductor

Conductor in electrical conduit

76
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Graphical symbol Description

Labelling of the intended purpose with cables

Heavy current cable,

neutral conductor (N), middle conductor (M)

PE conductor (PE),
PEN conductor (PEN),
equipotential bonding conductor (PL)
Signal track

Telecommunications cable
Radio cable

Infeed, earth

Socket

Cable coming from below

or leading downwards

With supply pointing downwards

With supply from below

Cable routed downwards

and upwards

With supply pointing upwards

77
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Graphical symbol Description

Infeed, earth

Conductor connection

Tapping box or
distributor box

Sealing end, distribution point

(short side = cable entry)


Power service box, general

 IP 44 Ditto, specifying the protection

category to DIN EN 60 529,
e.g. IP 44

Distributor, switchgear

Frame for equipment, e.g. case,

enclosure, control panel

 Earthing in general

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Graphical symbol Description

Infeed, earth

Connection point for PE conductor

to VDE 0100

4)
Ground

4) Graphical symbols IEC 117

Power supply equipment, converters

Element, accumulator or battery

6V
– +
Ditto, specifying the polarity and voltage,
e.g. 6 V

Transformer,
230/5 V e.g. bell transformer 230/5 V

Converter, general

∼ Rectifier,
e.g. AC current power pack

Inverter,
∼ e.g. pole changer, chopper

79
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Graphical symbol Description

Switchgear

Fuse, general

Fuse, 3-pole

10 A Fuse specifying the rated current,

e.g. 10 A

Switches, normally open contacts, general

Switch specifying the protection category

IP 40 to DIN EN 60 529, e.g. IP 40

Miniature circuit-breaker (m.c.b.)

Earth-leakage circuit-breaker,
T

4 4-pole

Motor circuit-breaker,
3
3-pole

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Graphical symbol Description

Switchgear

Undervoltage circuit-breaker

Fault-voltage-operated circuit-breaker

Overcurrent relay
I>
Priority switch

EMERGENCY OFF switch

Installation switches

Switch, general

Switch with control lamp

One-way switch, single-pole

One-way switch, 2-pole

One-way switch, 3-pole

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Graphical symbol Description

Installation switches

Two-way switch with two off positions,

single-pole

Two-circuit switch, single-pole

Changeover switch, single-pole

Intermediate switch, single-pole

Time-delay switch
t

Push-button

Illuminated push-button

Remote-control switch

Proximity switch
(one-way switch)

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Graphical symbol Description

Installation switches

Touch switch (two-way switch)

Dimmer (one-way switch)

Plug-and-socket devices

Single socket,
without earthing contact

2 Double socket

Single socket with earthing contact

Single socket with earthing contact

3/N
for three-phase current

2 Double socket with earthing contact

Socket earthing contact,

switched

Socket earthing contact,

lockable

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Graphical symbol Description

Plug-and-socket devices

Telecommunications
socket

Aerial socket

Test equipment, display devices, relays and audio frequency

ripple control devices

Meter panel e.g. with a fuse or

10 A 10 A miniature circuit-breaker

Time switch, e.g. for switching

between electricity tariffs

Time-delay relay,
t e.g. for stairwell illumination

Flasher relay, flasher switch

≈ Audio frequency ripple control

≈ Audio frequency blocking device

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Graphical symbol Description

Lights

Light, general

Multiple lights specifying

5 x 60 W the number of lights and output,
e.g. with 5 lamps, 60 W each

Light with switch

Light with jumpering

for lamp chains

Light with variable brightness

Maintained
emergency light

Emergency light
in stand-by circuit

Spotlight

Light with additional

emergency light
in stand-by circuit

Light with additional

maintained emergency light

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Graphical symbol Description

Discharge lamps and accessories

Light for discharge lamp,

general

3
Multiple light for discharge lamps
specifying the number of lamps,
e.g. with 3 lamps

Light for fluorescent lamps,

general

Long row of luminaires

40 W for fluorescent lamps,
e.g. 3 luminaires each 40 W

Long row of luminaires

65 W for fluorescent lamps,
e.g. 2 luminaires each 2 x 65 W

2)
Fluorescent lamp
with preheating

Ballast, general

Ballast, compensated
K

Ballast, compensated,
K with audio frequency blocking device

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Graphical symbol Description

Signalling devices

Alarm bell

Buzzer

Gong

Horn

Siren

Indicator light, signal lamp,

light signal

Group or directional indicator light

Multiple indicator lights,

6
signal lamp panel,
e.g. for 6 indicators

Acknowledgement indicator,
indicator light with cut-out button

Call and cut-out button

Interphone

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Graphical symbol Description

Signalling devices

Call buttons with name plates

Door opener

Electrical clock, e.g. slave clock

Master clock

Signal master clock

Card control device; manually actuated

Fire alarm with clockwork

Push-button fire detector

ϑ Temperature indicator

Temperature indicator based

on the fusible link principle

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Graphical symbol Description

Signalling devices

Temperature indicator based

on the bimetal principle

Temperature indicator based on the

differential principle

Control centre of a fire alarm system

for 4 loops in fail-safe circuit, siren system
for 2 loops, telephones for both systems

Police alarm

Watchdog alarm,
e.g. with failsafe circuit

Vibration alarm
(vault-type pendulum)

Traverse lock for travel

1 0 in security systems

Light beam indicator,

light barrier

Fire detector, automatic

L
Photo-electric switch

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Rittal TS 8 Top enclosure system

The Top enclosure system TS 8 with its infinite configuration

R

possibilities meets individual requirements cost-effectively

and to perfection.
 ie-datenheft_gb.book Seite 91 Dienstag, 7. Oktober 2008 2:41 14

Decimal parts and multiples of units

Exponent Prefix Symbol Exponent Prefix Symbol
10–18 atto a 10 deca da
10–15 femto f 102 hecto h
10–12 pico p 103 kilo k
10–9 nano n 106 mega M
10–6 micro µ 109 giga G
10–3 milli m 1012 tera T
10–2 centi c 1015 peta P
10–1 deci d 1018 exa E

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Allocation of connector/cable types

Jack/coupling Cable types
Twinax
BNC-E Coaxial cable
BNC-F
RJ 11 – 45
Shielded/unshielded
48 modular jacks
2-wire cables
32 modular jacks
F-SMA 6.5
F-SMA 7.5
DIN 47 256 Fibre-optics
SC (duplex)
LC (duplex)
Sub-D 9-pole
Sub-D 15-pole
Shielded/unshielded
Sub-D 25-pole
cables
ADo 4/8
TAE 4/6

Important standards for the

data and telecommunications industry
List of standards, general
DIN EN 61 000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
(VDE 0839 Part 6-3) basic specification, interference emissions,
residential areas etc.;
DIN EN 61 000-6-1 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
(VDE 0839 Part 6-1) basic specification, immunity to interference,
residential areas etc.;
DIN EN 50 098-1 Information technology cabling of building
complexes – Part 1: Basic ISDN connection;
DIN EN 50 288-2 Framework specifications for equipment connection
(VDE 0819 Part 5) cables for digital and analog communications;
DIN EN 55 022 Limits and measurement techniques for radio
(VDE 0878 Part 22) interference in information technology equipment;

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DIN EN 60 603-7 Rack connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz

for printed circuit boards;
DIN EN 60 794 Fibre-optic cables;
(VDE 0888-100-1)
DIN EN 60 825-2 Safety of laser equipment – Part 2:
(VDE 0837 Part 2) Safety of fibre-optic communications systems.

Installation of terminal equipment

DIN VDE 0100-551 Electrical installations of enclosures;
DIN VDE 0800-174-2 Installation of communications cabling;
DIN VDE 0845-1 Protection of telecommunications installations from
lightning, static charges and overvoltage from heavy
current installations; measures to counteract over-
voltage;
DIN EN 50 310 Use of potential equalisation and earthing measures
(VDE 0800 in buildings containing information technology instal-
Part 2-310) lations.

Types and use of communications cables

DIN VDE 0815 Installation cables and lines for telecommunications
and information processing installations;
DIN VDE 0891-1 Use of cables and insulated leads for telecommunica-
tions and information processing installations;
DIN EN 60 794 Fibre-optic cables;
(VDE 0888-100-1)
DIN EN 50 174-2 Information technology – Installation of communica-
(VDE 0800 tions cabling,
Part 174-2) Installation planning and practices in buildings.

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Network installation
Excerpt from application-neutral wiring
(structured cabling) to DIN EN 50 173-1: 2003-06

1. Scope of application and confirmity to DIN EN 50 173

1.1 Scope of application

This European standard specifies a universal wiring system used within
locations with one or more buildings. It covers cabling with symmetrical
copper cables and fibre-optic cables.

This standard is optimised for sites where the largest distance over which
the information technology services are to be distributed is 2000 m. The
procedures of this European standard may also be applied to larger installa-
tions.
The cabling specified in this standard supports a broad range of services,
including language, data, text, still and moving images.

EN 50 173 specifies, for example:

a) The structure and configuration of a communications cable installation,
b) The performance requirements governing the cabling,
c) Implementation options.

Safety requirements (electrical safety and protection from destruction, fire

etc.) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are not covered by this
European standard and are dealt with by other standards and regulations.
However, the information contained in this European standard may prove
useful for compliance with these standards and regulations.

4. Structure of the application-neutral communications cable system

4.1 General
This section identifies the functional elements of universal cabling, how they
are connected to one another to create subsystems, and cites the inter-
faces to which application-specific components are connected via the uni-
versal cabling. Furthermore, general requirements are provided for the im-
plementation of universal cabling.
Network applications are supported by connecting application-specific
equipment to the information technology connections and distributors.
The components used for this connection do not form part of the universal
cabling.

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4.2 Functional components

Universal cabling consists of the following functional components:
– Site distributors (SD)
– Primary cable
– Building distributors (BD)
– Secondary cable
– Corridor distributors (CD)
– Tertiary cable
– Consolidation point (CP)
– Consolidation point cable (CP cable)
– Information technology multiple connection
– Information technology connection (I).

Groups of these functional components are combined to form cabling

subsystems.

SD BD CD CP I Terminal

10 m
1500 m 90 m (Recom-
mended)
Primary Secondary Tertiary cabling Compo-
cabling cabling subsystem nent
subsystem subsystem connec-
tion
cabling

Application-neutral communications cable system

Figure 1: Structure of the application-neutral communications cable system

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4.3 Cabling subsystems

A universal cabling system consists of up to three cabling subsystems:
Primary, secondary and tertiary cabling. Together, the cabling subsystems
form an application-neutral communications cable system.
The distributors can be used to achieve any given network topologies such
as bus, star and ring.

4.4.1 Primary cabling subsystem

Ranges from the site distributor to the building distributors, which are usually
located in different buildings. Where applicable, it contains the primary
cables, their support points (at the site and building distributors) and the
routing devices in the site distributor. A primary cable may also be used to
connect building distributors to one another.

4.4.2 Secondary cabling subsystem

Ranges from the building distributors to the corridor distributors. The sub-
system contains the secondary cables, their mechanical support points
(on the building and corridor distributors) and the routing devices in the
building distributor. Secondary cables should not contain any cable distribu-
tion boxes; copper cables should not contain any splices.

4.4.3 Tertiary cabling subsystem

Ranges from the corridor distributor to the connected information technology
connections. The subsystem contains the tertiary cable, its mechanical
support points on the corridor distributor, the marshalling distributor in the
corridor distributor, and the information technology connections.
The tertiary cables should connect the corridor distributors and the informa-
tion technology connections without interruption. If necessary, a consolida-
tion point is permissible between the corridor distributor and any information
technology connections.

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4.3 Structural overview

Primary
cables
SV

GV GV GV

Secondary
cables

EV EV EV EV
Tertiary
cables
SV = Site distributors (SD)
GV = Building distributors (BD) SP
EV = Corridor distributors (CD)
TA TA TA TA TA
SP = Consolidation point (CP)
TA = Information
Cable (optional) technology connection (I)
Consolidation point (optional)

Figure 2: Connection between functional elements

4.7 Dimensioning and configuration

4.7.1 Distributors
The number and nature of the sub-systems contained in an application-
neutral cabling system is dependent upon the geography and size of the site
or building and also on the user’s procedures. There is usually one site dis-
tributor per site, one building distributor per building, and one corridor dis-
tributor per floor. If the property only consists of one building which is small
enough to be supplied by a single building distributor, a primary cabling sub-
system will not be required. Similarly, larger buildings may be supplied by
several building distributors which are linked together via the site distributor.
The design of the corridor distributor must ensure that the lengths of the
patch cords, patch pairs and device connection cords are minimised, and
the system distribution should ensure that the planned lengths are retained
during operation.

4.9 Earthing and potential equalisation

The standards of series EN 50 174 and EN 50 310 specify requirements
for earthing and potential equalisation.

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5.3 Classification of data transmission sections

for symmetrical cabling

5.3.1 Classification of network applications

Category A, Comprises the voice-frequency band

up to 100 kHz: and low-frequency network applications.
Category B, Comprises data applications
up to 1 MHz: with a medium bit rate.
Category C, Comprises data applications
up to 16 MHz: with a high bit rate.
Category D, Comprises data applications
up to 100 MHz: with a very high bit rate.
Category E, Comprises data applications
up to 250 MHz: with a very high bit rate.
Category F, Comprises data applications
up to 600 MHz: with a very high bit rate.

5.5 Classification of transmission sections

with fibre-optic cabling

5.5.1 General
This standard specifies the following categories for fibre-optic cabling:
a) Transmission sections in category OF-300 support the network
applications listed in Annex E via the fibre-optic categories cited
in section 7 over a minimum of 300 m;
b) Transmission sections in category OF-500 support the network
applications listed in Annex E via the fibre-optic categories cited
in section 7 over a minimum of 500 m;
c) Transmission sections in category OF-2000 support the network
applications listed in Annex E via the fibre-optic categories cited
in section 7 over a minimum of 2000 m;

The requirements pertaining to the performance capability of transmission

sections with optical fibres are based on the assumption that every fibre-
optic transmission section only uses a single optical wavelength in a trans-
mission window.

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Supported network applications (Appendix E)

Network
Cat. Source Alternative name
application
PBX National requirement
A X.21 ITU-T recomm. X.21
V.11 ITU-T recomm. X.21
S0 bus (extended) ITU-T recomm. 1.430 Basic ISDN connection
S0 point-to-point ITU-T recomm. 1.430 Basic ISDN connection
B S1/S2 ITU-T recomm. 1.431 ISDN primary multiplex
connection
CSMA/CD 1Base5 ISO/IEC 8802-3 Star LAN
CSMA/CD ISO/IEC 8802-3 Ethernet
10Base-T
C CSMA/CD ISO/IEC 8802-3 Fast Ethernet
100Base-T4
Token Ring 4 Mbit/s ISO/IEC 8802-5
TP-PMD ISO/IEC Media-dependent
FCD 9314-10 physical layer for
twisted pairs
CSMA/CD ISO/IEC 8802-3
D 100Base-TX
Token Ring ISO/IEC 8802-5t High Speed Token Ring
100 Mbit/s Gigabit Ethernet
CSMA/CD ISO/IEC 8802-3
1000Base-T
ATM LAN ATM Forum ATM-1200/category 6
E
1.2 Gbit/s af-phy-0162.000
F FC-100-TP ISO/IEC 14 165-114
Cabling section, fibre-optic category
CSMA/CD 10Base-F ISO/IEC 8802 AM
Token Ring ISO/IEC TR 11802-4 Connection of stations
to fibre-optic cables
FDDI EN ISO/IEC 9314-3 Distributed data inter-
face with fibre-optics
SM-FDDI ISO/IEC 9314-4 Monomode FDDI
LCF-FDDI ISO/IEC C 9314-9 FDDI with inexpensive
fibre-optics
FC-PH ISO/IEC CD 14165-1 Fibre Channel
ATM ITU-T recomm. I.432 B-ISDN

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Terms used in data communications technology

Address
– An encoded piece of information specifying the origin or destination of
a data record.
– Identification of a memory location where a data record is stored.

B/s (bits/second)
Unit measuring the output of serial data transmission.

Bit rate
A unit of measurement for the transmission speed. The bit rate specifies
how many bits may be transmitted within a given period of time.

Bus
A connection system between digital stations (often between several
memory areas) consisting of one or more cables.

Duplex
In transmission circuits, the option of transmitting and receiving
simultaneously.

Ethernet
A local baseband network from Xerox (registered trademark) developed
jointly by Xerox, Digital Equipment Corporation and Intel.

ISDN
Abbreviation for Integrated Services Digital Network. Integrated digital net-
work for combining the various mail services via shared digital switches and
digital paths, e.g. telephony, data transmission etc.

Channel
Transmission channel = transmission medium in simplex operation.

Coaxial cable
A cable for transmission in broadband and baseband systems.
Coaxial cables consist of a neutral conductor, an insulation and a braided
screen.

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Rittal data – To match your system

Whichever CAD system you use, RiCAD 3D saves you time,

R

and effectively supports the efficiency and productivity of your

plant design.
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Fibre-optics
Glass or plastic fibres used to transfer information with the aid of light.

Modem
Derived from the words modulator – demodulator. A device which converts
analog signals into digital signals and vice versa.

Modulation
Procedure whereby one or more features of a carrier (frequency, amplitude,
phase) are modified so as to portray analog or digital signals.

Multiplexer
A device which combines information from several channels with a low
transmission speed in a single, fast channel.

RS232
Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard for interfaces between
data terminal equipment and data transfer equipment. Also known as V24
(25-pole rack connectors).

Terminal
Umbrella term for data stations which may be connected to a network node
and which facilitate the transmission and reception of data.

Twisted pair cable

A cable consisting of conductors which may be either shielded or un-
shielded.

Four-core cable
A cable which works with two pairs of conductors, whereby one pair acts
as a transmission channel and the other as a reception channel.

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Brief EMC information for EMC/RF-shielded

enclosures and CE labels
What is meant by EMC?
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of an electrical appliance
to operate satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without adversely
affecting this environment, which may also contain other equipment.
High packaging densities in electronic assemblies and ever-increasing sig-
nal processing speeds often cause faults in complex electronic equipment,
measurement and control systems, data processing and transmission
systems and communications technology, which are attributable to electro-
magnetic influences.

Basic EMC concepts

● Electromagnetic influence is the effect of electromagnetic factors
on circuits, appliances, systems or living things.
● Interference source refers to the origin of interference.
● Potentially susceptible equipment refers to electrical equipment
whose function may be influenced by interference factors.
● Coupling refers to the reciprocal relationship between circuits, whereby
energy can be transferred from one circuit to another. Interference is an
electromagnetic factor which may induce an undesirable influence in an
electrical installation (interference voltage, current or field strength).

Interference sources and interference factors

Interference sources may be divided into:
● Internal sources of interference
– Artificial, i.e. technically induced
● External sources of interference
– Natural, e.g. lightning; electrostatic discharges
– Artificial, i.e. technically induced
In the case of technically induced interference sources, a distinction must be
made between the effects of electromagnetic factors created and used for
business purposes (such as radio transmitters, radar etc.), and electromag-
netic factors which occur within the context of operations or in the event of
a failure which are not purposely generated (e.g. spark discharges on switch
contacts, magnetic fields around heavy currents etc.).

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Interference may take the form of voltages, currents, electrical, magnetic

and electromagnetic fields, which may either occur continuously, periodi-
cally, or randomly in a pulse shape.

In low-voltage networks, the following applies:

● The most intensive temporary interference processes are caused in low-
voltage networks by the switching of inductive loads, e.g. power tools,
household electrical appliances, fluorescent lamps.
● The most dangerous overvoltages (in terms of level, duration and energy
content) are caused by deactivating fuses in the event of a short-circuit
(duration in the millisecond range).

Influence mechanisms and counter-measures

A distinction may be made between the following types of coupling influence:
● Conducted influence
● Field-related influence
– Field influence
– Radiation influence.

Field-bound interference (low-frequency)

Very low-frequency currents cause a low-frequency magnetic field which
may induce interference voltage or initiate interference via direct magnetic
effects (magnetic memory in computers, monitors, sensitive electromag-
netic test equipment such as EEG). Low-frequency electric fields of high
intensity may be generated by low-frequency high voltages (high-voltage
overhead cables), resulting in interference voltage (capacitive interference).
Of practical significance are magnetic fields, the effects of which can be
reduced via
● Shielded cables
● Shielding enclosures (decisive here is the material property of permea-
bility, which is inadequate in the case of sheet steel; nickel iron, for
example, is far better).

Radiation influence (high-frequency)

The electromagnetic waves which radiate from electrical circuits in an open
space can produce interference voltages, whereby such interference must
then be considered in relation to the distance to its source (near field or dis-
tant field).
In a near field, either the electrical component (E) or the magnetic compo-
nent (H) of the electromagnetic field will predominate, depending on whether
the source of the interference carries high voltages and low currents, or high
currents and low voltages. In a distant field, generally speaking, E and H can
no longer be considered separately.

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Interference can be reduced via:

● Shielded cables
● Shielding enclosures (Faraday cage!).

Enclosure/RF-shielding
The requirement profile can be determined using the following check-list.

Check-list to determine the requirement profile for EMC enclosures

● What types of interference occur in the given application?

(electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field)

● What are the limits of interference which may occur in the application?
(field strengths, frequency range)

● Can the requirements be met by a standard enclosure

or an RF-shielded enclosure?
(Comparison with attenuation diagrams)

● Are there any other EMC requirements?

(shielding in the enclosure, special potential equalisation
within the enclosure etc.)

● Are there other mechanical requirements?

(cut-outs, glazed doors/viewing windows, cable glands, etc.)

Every sheet metal enclosure already offers good basic shielding within
a broad frequency range, i.e. attenuation of electromagnetic fields.
For large enclosures, medium shield attenuation can be achieved via cost-
effective measures to create multiple conductive connections between all
enclosure parts.
High shielding attenuation levels in the frequency range above approx.
5 MHz can be achieved via special seals which connect the conductive inner
surfaces of doors and removable panels, roof and gland plates to the con-
ductive sealing edges of the enclosure body or frame, in a largely slot-free
manner. The higher the frequencies occurring, the more critical openings in
the enclosure become.

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How do I interpret an EMC diagram?

In all diagrams, the attenuation value of an enclosure is obtained from the
anticipated interference frequency and the nature of the interference field
(electrical field E, magnetic field H or electromagnetic field). For example,
in the diagram below, the following attenuation values are obtained with a
frequency of 10 MHz.
Point 1: Electrical field, high: a1 ≈ 65 dB
Point 2: Electrical field, standard: a2 ≈ 35 dB
In all diagrams, the level of attenuation “a” is shown on the Y axis (vertical)
in the unit “dB”.
This unit indicates the logarithmic ratio between the field in the environment
and the field in the enclosure interior.
The frequency band is entered on the X axis (horizontal) on a logarithmic
scale. Attenuation “a” is obtained using the following equation:
E0 and
a = 20 log --------- Index 0 for unchielded values
E1

a = 20 log H
---------0-
H1
} with
Index 1 for shielded values

120

100
E field, high RF attenuation

80

1
dB
60 E field, standard

H field, high
40 RF attenuation 2

20 H field, standard

0
0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 5000

MHz
MHz = Frequency
dB = RF attenuation

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Table of examples

Attenuation in dB Ratio inside/outside

6 1/2000
20 1/1000
40 1/1000
60 1/1000

CE labelling
What does CE stand for?
The abbreviation stands for European Communities (= Communautés
Européennes) and documents a product’s compliance with the respective
EU Directives.

Fundamental principles
CE labelling is not the same as certification, where a manufacturer volun-
tarily has the positive properties of his products confirmed by test institutes.
It is a legally prescribed label for all products which meet EU Directives.

The main aim of CE labelling is to eliminate trading barriers within EU

member states. The CE symbol is an administrative symbol, and was not
originally intended for consumers and end clients. It serves as an indication
to market supervisory authorities that the labelled products meet the re-
quirements of the technical harmonisation directives, particularly safety
requirements. It should be viewed as a kind of “technical passport” for cer-
tain products within the European Economic Area.

The basis for CE labelling is the harmonisation concept of the European

Union and the associated growing importance of European standardisation.
The main content is mutual recognition of existing national regulations,
standards and specifications. This is particularly for the purpose of con-
sumer protection, with the main emphasis on health, safety and the en-
vironment.

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What does this mean in concrete terms for Rittal products?

Enclosures, empty enclosures and mechanical accessory components are
currently not subject to any valid EU Directive. These products must not be
labelled with a CE symbol, nor must a declaration of conformity or manufac-
turers’ declaration be issued for them.
Electrical appliances must meet all the relevant EU Directives with respect
to their hazard potential, fields of application and the Directive definitions.

All Rittal products which meet these Directives are labelled with the CE sym-
bol, either on the product itself or on the insert. This symbol is also repro-
duced in the manual. Upon request, a corresponding declaration of conform-
ity (in German or English) will be issued.

Directives which apply to Rittal products:

The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
The Low-Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and amendments

Enclosure climate control

Device type Operational area
Enclosure heaters To heat or stabilise the enclosure internal temperature
compared with the ambient temperature in order to
avoid condensation, or achieve minimum temperatures
for switchgear and control gear. For use as a frost moni-
tor e.g. with pneumatic control devices.
Enclosure To dissipate heat from enclosures, and to distribute
fan-and-filter units heat evenly. To avoid condensation. Used in situations
where no aggressive media and no excessive incidence
of dust is present in the ambient air.
Enclosure To dissipate heat from enclosures. Thanks to two sepa-
heat exchangers rate air circuits, no ambient air is able to enter the
air/air enclosure. Consequently, it may be used in an environ-
ment contaminated with dust and aggressive media.
Enclosure To dissipate heat and to cool enclosures to below the
heat exchangers ambient temperature. For use in extreme environments
air/water (temperature/dirt).

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Enclosure climate control (continued)

Device type Operational area
Enclosure To dissipate heat and to cool enclosures to below the
cooling unit ambient temperature. The ambient air is separated from
the enclosure internal air.
Direct Cooling To effectively dissipate heat directly from the compo-
Package (DCP) nent. A water-cooled mounting plate dissipates the heat
loss directly from the component, and is completely
silent.
Recooling systems Supply air/water heat exchangers, DCPs and machi-
nes/processes with cold water.
These systems are distinguished by a high level of
temperature precision and excellent performance.

Constant climates to DIN 50 015

Code Temperature Relative humidity % Air pressure Comment
Standard Nominal Standard
°C deviation value deviation mbar
23/83 23 ± 2°C 83 ±3 800 Damp
40/92 40 ± 2°C 92 ±3 up to Warm & humid
< 20
55/20 55 ± 2°C = – 1060 Warm & dry

Damp alternating climate to DIN 50 016

Exposure to a damp alternating climate as defined in this standard consists
of the alternating effects of climate 23/83 and climate 40/92 to DIN 50 015.
In the alternating climate chamber, changeovers are implemented as fol-
lows: After 14 hours 40/92 = warm and humid, switch to 10 hours 23/83
= damp on a 24-hour cycle.

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Basis of calculation for

enclosure
.
climate control
Qv = Installed heat loss in the enclosure [W]
.
Qs = Heat radiated by the enclosure surface [W]
.
Qs > 0: radiation (Ti > Tu)
.
Qs < 0: irradiation (Ti < Tu)
.
QK = Required cooling output of an enclosure cooling unit [W]
.
QH = Required thermal output of an enclosure heater [W]
qW = Specific thermal output of a heat exchanger [W/K]
.
V = Required air volume flow of a fan-and-filter unit in order to stay
below the maximum permissible temperature difference between
the extracted air and the emitted air [m3/h]
Ti = Required interior temperature of enclosure [°C]
Tu = Ambient temperature of enclosure [°C]
∆T = Ti – Tu = max. permissible temperature difference [K]
A = Effective enclosure surface area which radiates heat in accordance
with VDE 0660 Part 500 [m2]
k = Heat transfer coefficient [W/m2 K] with static air for
sheet steel k = 5.5 W/m2 K

Heat radiated by the enclosure surface

.
Qs = k
A
(Ti – Tu)
.
Qs < 0: irradiation (Ti < Tu)
.
Qs > 0: radiation (Ti > Tu)

In addition, the following applies:

. . . . . .
Qs = Qv – QK and Qs = Qv + QH
. .
If QK = QH = 0 then:
. .
Qs = Qv = k
A
(Ti – Tu)

Enclosure cooling unit

– Required cooling output:
. . .
QK = Qv – Qs . .
. . Qv – QK-
QK = Qv – k
A
(Ti – Tu) or Ti = Tu + -----------------------------
k⋅A

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Enclosure heater
–. Required
.
thermal
.
output:
QH = – Qv + Qs
. .
QH = – Qv + k
A
(Ti – Tu)

Heat exchanger
– Specific thermal output:
.
Qv- – k ⋅ A
q w = -----------
∆T
.
Qv - – k ⋅ A
q w = ---------------------------------
( Ti – Tu )
Fan-and-filter units
– Required air volume flow:
. . .
Qv – Q-s
V = f ( h ) ⋅ ------------------------- [ m3 ⁄ h ]
∆T
where
h = Operating altitude above sea level (h = 0) [m]

f (0 – 100) = 3.1 m3
K/W
h

f (100 – 250) = 3.2 m3
K/W
h
f (250 – 500) = 3.3 m3
K/W
h
f (500 – 750) = 3.4 m3
K/W
h
f (750 – 1000) = 3.5 m3
K/W
h

Example: Operating altitude h = 300 m

.
. Qv – k ⋅ A ⋅ ( Ti – Tu ) 3
V = 3.3 ⋅ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [m /h]
Ti – Tu
Rough calculation
.
. Qv
V = 3.1 ---------- [m3/h]
∆T
Calculation of effective enclosure surface area
A is calculated in accordance with VDE 0660, Part 500 with due regard
for the type of installation.

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Type of enclosure installation and formula calculation

to IEC 60 890

Single enclosure, free-standing on all sides

A = 1.8
H
(W + D) + 1.4
W
D

Single enclosure for wall mounting

A = 1.4
B
(H + D) + 1.8
D
H

First or last enclosure in a suite, free-standing

A = 1.4
D
(H + W) + 1.8
W
H

First or last enclosure in a suite for wall mounting

A = 1.4
H
(W + D) + 1.4
W
D

Enclosure within a suite, free-standing

A = 1.8
W
H + 1.4
W
D + D
H

Enclosure within a suite for wall mounting

A = 1.4
W
(H + D) + D
H

Enclosure within a suite for wall mounting,

with covered roof areas
A = 1.4
W
H + 0.7
W
D + D
H

A = Area [m2]
W = Enclosure width [m]
H = Enclosure height [m]
D = Enclosure depth [m]
Conversions:
°C → °F: TF = TC
1.8 + 32
°F → °C: TC = (TF – 32) : 1.8
W → BTU: 1 BTU = 2.930
10–4 kWh
(BTU = British Thermal Unit)
TF = Temperature in Fahrenheit
TC = Temperature in Celsius

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Examples: Effective enclosure surface area for defined

dimensions [m2]

Width Height Depth

mm mm mm
300 400 210 0.46 0.41 0.42 0.29 0.39 0.34 0.30
380 600 210 0.75 0.66 0.70 0.50 0.65 0.56 0.50
500 500 210 0.79 0.69 0.74 0.50 0.70 0.60 0.53
500 700 250 1.12 0.98 1.05 0.74 0.98 0.84 0.75
600 380 350 0.94 0.85 0.89 0.51 0.84 0.75 0.60
600 600 350 1.32 1.18 1.24 0.80 1.15 1.01 0.86
600 760 210 1.28 1.10 1.22 0.86 1.16 0.97 0.89
600 760 350 1.59 1.41 1.49 1.01 1.38 1.20 1.05
760 760 300 1.77 1.54 1.68 1.13 1.59 1.36 1.20
1000 1000 300 2.76 2.36 2.64 1.82 2.52 2.12 1.91
600 1200 600 3.10 2.81 2.81 2.02 2.52 2.23 1.98
600 1400 600 3.53 3.19 3.19 2.35 2.86 2.52 2.27
600 1600 600 3.96 3.58 3.58 2.69 3.19 2.81 2.56
800 1600 600 4.70 4.19 4.32 3.14 3.94 3.42 3.09
600 1800 600 4.39 3.96 3.96 3.03 3.53 3.10 2.84
800 1800 600 5.21 4.63 4.78 3.53 4.34 3.77 3.43
800 1800 800 6.08 5.50 5.50 4.03 4.93 4.35 3.90
600 2000 600 4.82 4.34 4.34 3.36 3.86 3.38 3.13
800 2000 600 5.71 5.07 5.23 3.92 4.75 4.11 3.78
800 2000 800 6.66 6.02 6.02 4.48 5.38 4.74 4.29
600 2200 600 5.26 4.73 4.73 3.70 4.20 3.67 3.42
800 2200 800 7.23 6.53 6.53 4.93 5.82 5.12 4.67

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Product Therm Software

selection Rittal Therm is a calculation program
for enclosure climate control.
All electrical and electronic components
have a certain power loss which is dissi-
pated to the environment in the form of
heat. Because an increasing number of
components are now being housed in ever
smaller spaces, the heat produced can
soon reach levels which are harmful to elec-
tronic components and may severely curtail
their useful lives.
The Therm software package takes care of
the complex calculation of climate control
requirements. A user-friendly interface
guides the operator to the most suitable,
correctly dimensioned climate control com-
ponent. All evaluations are closely based
on the requirements of IEC/TR 60 890
AMD 1/02.95 and DIN 3168 for enclosure
cooling units.

Model No. SK 3121.000

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Examples of crane transportation

for Rittal enclosures
Max. suspension load in N for Rittal enclosures with the rope angle shown
opposite.

ES TS 8 AK

90° For one eyebolt 3400 3400 2500

60°
For four eyebolts 6400 6400 4000

Normal crane suspension Normal crane suspension

of bayed enclosures

Caution: Observe the

correct orientation of the
eyebolt in relation to the
direction of force!

7000 N
7000 N 14000 N ↓
↓ ↓

A load capacity of 2.8 t is achieved with the aid of combination angle

PS 4540.000 and simultaneous use of a quick-fit baying clamp (TS 8800.500)
and angular baying bracket TS 8800.430 (with at least three enclosures).

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Normal crane suspension with

additional pipe stabilisation

Adjustable girders
Adjustable girders

Normal crane suspension with

additional transport plinth

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Principal marks of conformity and symbols

Marks of conformity issued by the VDE testing agency

VDE symbol
Equipment and installation material

black red VDE tracer thread

Cables and insulated lines

VDE VDE cable symbol

Cables and insulated lines

VDE interference suppression symbol

Equipment with interference suppression

VDE mark of conformity for electronics

Electronic components

VDE GS symbol
Technical equipment within the scope
of the VDE testing agency

CEE mark of conformity (E symbol)

Equipment and installation material

green black
CEE tracer thread, insulated lines

VDE HAR VDE harmonisation symbol

Cables and insulated lines

Black red Yellow

VDE harmonisation symbol
(as tracer thread)
Cables and insulated lines

CECC mark of conformity

Electronic components
(under preparation)

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Approvals and permits

Product certifications and approvals are key requirements for the global
acceptance of industrial products.

Rittal products meet the highest internationally recognised quality stand-

ards. All components are subjected to the most stringent testing in accord-
ance with international standards and regulations.
The consistently high product quality is ensured by a comprehensive quality
management system. Regular production inspections by external test insti-
tutes also guarantee compliance with global standards.

Precise details of the test symbols allocated to our products can be found in
our catalogues and brochures.
In most cases, the approved symbols are also displayed on the rating plates
or products as proof of the approvals and licences. Furthermore, copies of
the marks licence badges or test certificates are available directly from your
personal Rittal advisor.

Additional tests conducted at our own accredited laboratories, such as the

mechanical load-bearing capacity of enclosures, are published in our own
load capacity brochures. These brochures contain detailed information to
assist you with the use of Rittal products. Copies of this documentation are
likewise available from your Rittal advisor.

Further interesting information and product documentation can be found on

the Internet at http://www.rittal.com

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Notes

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Notes

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Notes

121
000_ruecks_ie_dh_gb_herb.qxd 07.10.2008 15:06 Uhr Seite 1

All in all – solutions from Rittal

Industrial Power
Enclosures Distribution

Electronic System
Packaging Climate Control

IT Solutions Communication
Systems

Rittal has one of the largest ranges of enclosures available for immediate delivery. However, Rittal
also supplies integrated solutions – up to Level 4. This comprises mechanical installation, power
09/08 · E186

supply, electronic components, climate control and central monitoring. For all of your requirements.
Fully assembled and functional. Wherever in the world you develop and implement solutions
for yourself and your customers, we are close at hand. The global alliance between production,
distribution and service guarantees closeness to the customer. Worldwide!

Rittal GmbH & Co. KG · Postfach 1662 · D-35726 Herborn

R
Telephone: +49(0)2772 505-0 · Telefax: +49(0)2772 505-2319
eMail: info@rittal.de · www.rittal.com

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