THE DEVELOPMENT OF

INFORMATION AGE
 The students will be able to:
 1. Describe the development of communication and information
technology from
 ancient time up to present;
 2. Depict the impact of the development of information
technology to society;
 3. Describe how social media have impacted our lives.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Characterized by a principal technology used to solve the input,
processing, output and communication problems of the time:
 Premechanical,
 Mechanical,
 Electromechanical, and
 Electronic

FOUR BASIC PERIODS

 Writing and Alphabets--communication.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE: 3000

B.C. - 1450 A.D.
 First development of signs corresponding to
spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to express
words.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE:

3000 B.C. - 1450 A.D.
 First development of signs corresponding to
spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to express
words.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE:

3000 B.C. - 1450 A.D.
 Paper and Pens--input technologies.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B.C. -

1450 A.D.
 Books and Libraries--output technologies
(permanent storage devices).
 Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest
"books"
 The Egyptians kept scrolls.
 Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began to fold sheets
of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them
together.

THE PREMECHANICAL
AGE: 3000 B.C. - 1450 A.D.
 The First Numbering Systems.Egyptian system:
 The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as a U or circle, the
number 100 as a coiled rope, and the number 1,000 as a lotus
blossom.
 The first numbering systems similar to those in use today were
invented between 100 and 200 A.D. by Hindus in India who created
a nine-digit numbering system.
 Around 875 A.D., the concept of zero was developed.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B.C. -

1450 A.D.
 The First Calculators: The
Abacus.

THE PREMECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B.C. -

1450 A.D.
 The First Information Explosion.
 Johann Gutenberg (Mainz, Germany; c. 1387-1468)
 Invented the movable metal-type printing process in
1450.
 The development of book indexes and the widespread
use of page numbers.
 The first general purpose "computers“
 Actually people who held the job title "computer: one
who works with numbers."

THE MECHANICAL AGE:

1450 - 1840
 Slide
Rules, the Pascaline and
Leibniz's Machine.
 Early 1600s, William Oughtred, an
English clergyman, invented the
slide ruleEarly example of
an analog computer.

THE MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 - 1840

 THE PASCALINE
Invented by Blaise Pascal
(1623-62)
One of the first mechanical
computing machines,
around 1642.
 GottfriedWilhelm von
Leibniz (1646-1716),
German mathematician
and philosopher.
 TheReckoner
(reconstruction)

LEIBNIZ'S MACHINE.
BABBAGE'S
ENGINES
 Charles Babbage (1792-1871),
eccentric English mathematician
 The Difference Engine.
 Working model created in
1822.
 The "method of differences".
 The Analytical Engine.
 Designed during the 1830s
 Parts remarkably similar to modern-day
computers.
 Punch card idea picked up by Babbage
from Joseph Marie Jacquard's (1752-1834)
loom.
 Fixed program that would operate in real
time.

JOSEPH MARIE
JACQUARD'S LOOM.
AUGUSTA ADA
BYRON (1815-52).
The first programmer
 Thediscovery of ways to harness electricity was the key advance
made during this period. Knowledge and information could now
be converted into electrical impulses.

THE ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE: 1840

- 1940.
 Voltaic Battery.
 Late 18th century.
 Telegraph.
 Early 1800s.
 Morse Code.
 Developed in1835 by Samuel Morse
 Dots and dashes.

THE BEGINNINGS OF
TELECOMMUNICATION.
 Alexander Graham Bell – inventor of the telephone in 1876
 Followed by the discovery that electrical waves travel through
space and can produce an effect far from the point at which
they originated.
 These
two events led to the invention of the radio by Guglielmo
Marconi in 1894

TELEPHONE AND RADIO.

ELECTROMECHANICAL
COMPUTING
Herman Hollerith
and IBM
BY 1890
THE INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS MACHINES
CORPORATION (IBM).
ITS FIRST LOGO
 Howard Aiken, a Ph.D.
student at Harvard
University
 Built the Mark I
 Completed January 1942
 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2
feet thick, weighed 5 tons,
used about 750,000 parts

MARK 1
 The First High-Speed, General-Purpose
Computer Using Vacuum Tubes:
Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC)

THE ELECTRONIC AGE: 1940 - PRESENT.

MANCHESTER MARK I
 Late 1940s, Eckert and Mauchly began the development
of a computer called UNIVAC (Universal Automatic
Computer)
 Remington Rand.
 First UNIVAC delivered to Census Bureau in 1951.
 But, a machine called LEO (Lyons Electronic Office) went
into action a few months before UNIVAC and became the
world's first commercial computer.

THE FIRST GENERAL-PURPOSE

COMPUTER FOR COMMERCIAL USE:
UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER
(UNIVAC)
THE FOUR GENERATIONS OF DIGITAL
COMPUTING.
 Vacuum tubes as their main logic
elements.
 Punch cards to input and externally
store data.
 Rotating magnetic drums for internal
storage of data and programs
 Programs written in
 Machine language
 Assembly language
 Requires a compiler.

THE FIRST
GENERATION (1951-
1958)
 Vacuum tubes replaced by transistors as main logic element.
 AT&T's Bell Laboratories, in the 1940s
 Crystalline mineral materials called semiconductors could be used in the design
of a device called a transistor
 Magnetic tape and disks began to replace punched cards as
external storage devices.
 Magnetic cores (very small donut-shaped magnets that could be
polarized in one of two directions to represent data) strung on wire
within the computer became the primary internal storage
technology.
 High-level programming languages
 E.g., FORTRAN and COBOL

THE SECOND GENERATION

(1959-1963)
 Individual transistors were replaced by integrated circuits.
 Magnetic tape and disks completely replace punch cards as
external storage devices.
 Operating systems
 Advanced programming languages like BASIC developed.
 Which is where Bill Gates and Microsoft got their start in 1975.

THE THIRD GENERATION (1964-1979)

 Large-scale and very large-scale integrated
circuits (LSIs and VLSICs)
 Microprocessors that contained memory, logic,
and control circuits (an entire CPU = Central
Processing Unit) on a single chip.
 Fourth generation language software products
 E.g., Visicalc, Lotus 1-2-3, dBase, Microsoft Word, and
many others.
 Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) for PCs arrive in early 1980s

THE FOURTH GENERATION (1979-

1984).
 Microprocessors were introduced as CPU
 Tens of thousands of transistors can be placed in
a single chip (VLSI design implemented)
 CRT screen, laser & ink jet printers, scanners etc
were developed.
 Semiconductor memory chips were used as the
main memory.
 Secondary memory was composed of hard disks
– Floppy disks & magnetic tapes were used for
backup memory

THE FOURTH GENERATION

(1979- 1984).
 Computers based on artificial intelligence are available
 Computers use extensive parallel processing, multiple pipelines, multiple
processors etc
 Introduced ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology – Intel’s Pentium 4
microprocessor contains 55 million transistors millions of components on a single
IC chip.
 Memory chips up to 1 GB, hard disk drives up to 180 GB and optical disks up to
27 GB are available (still the capacity is increasing)
 Object oriented language like JAVA suitable for internet programming has
been developed.

THE FIFTH GENERATION

(1983-1990).
 Portable note book computers introduced
 Storage technology advanced – large main memory and disk
storage available
 Introduced World Wide Web. (and other existing applications like
e-mail, e Commerce, Virtual libraries/Classrooms, multimedia
applications etc.)
 New operating systems developed – Windows 95/98/XP/…,
LINUX, etc.

THE FIFTH GENERATION (1983-1990).

 Some inventions of the time are
WWW, HTML, HTTP, Web TV, java,
DVD, iPod, Youtube etc.
 Examples are: iMac , Sun ultra
workstation

THE SIXTH
GENERATION (1990 -
PRESENT).
 The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age,
Digital Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that
began in the mid-20th century, characterized by a rapid
epochal shift from the traditional industry established by the
Industrial Revolution to an economy primarily based upon
information technology

INFORMATION AGE
The Internet has turned society into homebodies, individuals who do everything from
the comfort of their homes instead of venturing outdoors to complete tasks. People
can do everything online; shopping, communicating, bill paying, working,
education, entertainment, even ordering food. This may be good, but it has also
made us a very lazy and uneducated society.
Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web.
Steve Jobs who was created the first effective personal computer called the Apple
1 The Apple 1 was a huge advancement in computer sciences and it carved the
path for the computers we have now. Apple has created iPhone, iPod, iPad, iMac,
and Apple TV.
BillGates is also a huge force in the Information Age. He founded Microsoft, which
creates almost everything that has to do with computers. Microsoft develops
programs like Microsoft Office, Windows, and many other influential products.
Internet
 The Internet is a global wide area network that connects
computer systems across the world. It includes several high-
bandwidth data lines that comprise the Internet "backbone."
These lines are connected to major Internet hubs that distribute
data to other locations, such as web servers and ISPs.
Wireless Fidelity
 WiFi
stands for Wireless Fidelity and is the same thing as saying
WLAN which stands for "Wireless Local Area Network."
 The Internet provides different online services. Some examples include:
 Web– a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web
browser
 Email– the most common method of sending and receiving messages
online
 Social
media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments,
photos, and videos
 Onlinegaming – games that allow people to play with and against each
other over the Internet
 Software updates – operating system and application updates can
typically downloaded from the Internet
What does Social Platform mean?
A social platform is a web-based
technology that enables the
development, deployment and
management of social media
solutions and services. It provides
the ability to create social
media websites and services
with complete social media
network functionality.