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Chapter01 Slides

The chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It defines computer organization as how a computer works at the instruction level and computer architecture as how a computer appears to a programmer. The chapter then discusses the hierarchical structure of computers and their four basic functions: data processing, data storage, data movement, and control. It describes the four main structural components of a computer as the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. Finally, it outlines the major structural components that make up the CPU.

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48 views17 pages

Chapter01 Slides

The chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It defines computer organization as how a computer works at the instruction level and computer architecture as how a computer appears to a programmer. The chapter then discusses the hierarchical structure of computers and their four basic functions: data processing, data storage, data movement, and control. It describes the four main structural components of a computer as the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. Finally, it outlines the major structural components that make up the CPU.

Uploaded by

chula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
2

+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture 3

Computer Organization
•Attributes of a system •Instruction set, number
visible to the programmer of bits used to represent
•Have a direct impact on various data types, I/O
the logical execution of a mechanisms, techniques
program for addressing memory

Architectural
Computer
attributes
Architecture
include:

Organizational
Computer
attributes
Organization
•Hardware details include:
transparent to the •The operational units
programmer, control and their
signals, interfaces interconnections that
between the computer realize the
and peripherals, memory architectural
technology used specifications
+ Why do we decouple Architecture and 4

Organization?
Example: IBM System 370 Architecture
◼ Was introduced in 1970
◼ Included a number of models (Architecture is same,
Organization is different)
◼ Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model
without having to abandon original software
◼ New models are introduced with improved technology,
but retain the same architecture so that the customer’s
software investment is protected
◼ Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture
of IBM’s mainframe product line
+ 5

Hierarchical system
◼ Hierarchical system
◼ Set of interrelated
subsystems
◼ Hierarchical nature of
complex systems is
essential to both their
design and their
description
◼ Designer need only
deal with a particular
level of the system at a
time
◼ Concerned with
structure and function at
each level
+ 6

Structure and Function

◼ Structure
◼ The way in which
components relate to
each other

◼ Function
◼ The operation of
individual components
as part of the structure
+
7

Function

◼A computer can
perform four basic
functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control

Figure 1.1 A Functional View of the Computer


+
8

Operations

Data movement
+
9

Operations

Data storage
+
10

Operations

Data processing
+
11

Operations

Control

Example:
12

The
Computer
13

Structure
+
14

 CPU – controls the operation of


the computer and performs its
There are four data processing functions
main structural
components  Main Memory – stores data
of the computer:  I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment

 System Interconnection –
some mechanism that provides
for communication among CPU,
main memory, and I/O
+
15
◼ Control Unit
◼ Controls the operation of the
CPU CPU and hence the computer
◼ Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Major structural
◼ Performs the computer’s data
components: processing function
◼ Registers
◼ Provide storage internal to the
CPU
◼ CPU Interconnection
◼ Some mechanism that
provides for communication
among the control unit, ALU,
and registers
+ Summary
16

Introduction

Chapter 1
◼ Computer Organization ◼ Structure
◼ CPU
◼ Computer Architecture ◼ Main memory

◼ Function ◼ I/O

◼ Data processing ◼ System interconnection

◼ Data storage ◼ CPU structural


◼ Data movement components
◼ Control ◼ Control unit
◼ ALU
◼ Registers
◼ CPU interconnection
+ 17

Internet Resources
- Web site for book
◼ http://williamstallings.com/ComputerOrganization/styled-3/
◼ Supplementary resources for Book Chapters
◼ Links to sites of interest
◼ Errata for book

◼ http://www.computersciencestudent.com/
◼ Math: Includes a basic math refresher, a queuing analysis primer,
and links to numerous math sites.
◼ How-to: Advice and guidance for solving homework problems,
writing technical reports, and preparing technical presentations.
◼ Research resources: Links to important collections of papers,
technical reports, and bibliographies.
◼ Writing help: Help in becoming a clearer, more effective writer.

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