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Unit1 1.1&1.2 CAO STRCT Func

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28 views11 pages

Unit1 1.1&1.2 CAO STRCT Func

Uploaded by

Jayesh Waskar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-1_1.1 & 1.

2
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1
Outline

• Computer Organization and Architecture


• Structure and Function
• Evolution (a brief history) of computers
• Von Neumann Architecture
• Interpretation of Instructions
• Interconnection Structures
• Instruction Cycle & Instruction Pipeline
• RAM Model Evolution of Intel processor architecture- 4 bit to 64 bit

2
Unit-1_1.1

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

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Computer Organization and Architecture

• Describing computers - computer architecture and computer organization

• Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer


• those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program.

• Computer organization refers to operational units and their interconnections that realize
• the architectural specifications.

• Architectural attributes
• instruction set
• number of bits used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters),
• I/O mechanisms and techniques for addressing memory.

• Organizational attributes
• hardware details transparent to programmer,
• such as control signals; interfaces between the computer and peripherals;
• the memory technology
4
•Computer Architecture
• Functional description for various parts of a computer.
• It decides functional behaviour of computer systems.
• Comes before computer organization while designing
a computer.

• Computer Organization
• Comes after decision of architecture is done
• Organization is how architectural aspects
(functions or operations) are implemented or realized
using hardware design
• Organization deals with a structural relationship

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/differences-between-computer-architecture-and-computer-organization/

5
Unit-1_1.2

STRUCURE AND FUNCTION

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Structure And Function

• Computer is a complex system - contain millions of elementary electronic components.


• How do we describe such a complex system ?
• Hierarchical approach for a complex systems is essential to both design & description.
• A hierarchical system is a set of interrelated subsystems
• At each level, system consists of a set of components and their interrelationships.
• At each level, the designer is concerned with structure and function
• • Structure: The way in which the components are interrelated
• • Function: The operation of each individual component as part of the structure
• We have 2 choices: starting at bottom and building up to a complete description, or
• beginning at a top view and decomposing the system into its subparts.
• Top down approach is the clearest and most effective
• We will describe a computer system from the top down.
• We begin with major components of a computer describing their structure and function
7
Functional view of a computer
• Basic functions of a computer
• Data processing
– • Data storage
– • Data movement
– • Control
• Computer must process data
• Data may take a wide variety of forms
• Data processing requirements are wide
• Computer also stores data
• While processing computer must temporarily store data
• It needs a short-term data storage
• Performs storage in files for subsequent retrieval
• Computer must move data between itself & outside
• Devices connected - are either source or destination of data.
• This process of moving data is known as input–output (I/O),
• Devices are called peripheral.
• When data are moved over longer distances, to or from a remote device, the process is known as data
communications.
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Structural view of a computer

• Figure below shows simplest possible depiction of a computer.

• Computer interacts with its external environment.

• Linkages to external world - classified as peripheral devices or communication lines

The Computer

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Structural view of a computer

I/O: Moves data


between the Main memory : Stores data.
computer and its
external
environment

System
Central interconnection:
processing unit Mechanism that
provides for
(CPU): Controls communication
the operation of among CPU, main
memory, and I/O.
the computer and
performs its data System bus -
consisting of a
processing number of
functions; often conducting wires to
There may be 1 or more of each of the above components which all the other
simply referred components attach.
to as processor Recent computers use multiple processors in single
computer

10
THANK YOU
11

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

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