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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 12

Algebraic Expressions Class 7
Chapter 12 Algebraic Expressions Exercise 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4 Solutions

<< Previous Chapter 11 : Perimeter and AreaNext Chapter 13 : Exponents and Powers >>

Exercise 12.1 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 234

Q1 :
Get the algebraicexpressions in the following cases using variables, constants and arithmetic
operations.

(i) Subtraction of z from y.

(ii) One-half of the sum of numbers x and y.

(iii) The number z multiplied by itself.

(iv) One-fourth of the product of numbers p and q.

(v) Numbers x and y both squared and added.

(vi) Number 5 added to three times the product of number m and n.

(vii) Product of numbers y and z subtracted from 10.

(viii)Sum of numbers a and b subtracted from their product.

Answer :

(i) y - z

(ii)

(iii) z2

(iv)
(v) x2 + y2

(vi) 5 + 3 (mn)

(vii) 10 - yz (viii) ab - (a + b)

Q2 :
(i) Identify the terms and their factors in the following expressions
Show the terms and factors by tree diagrams.

(a) x - 3 (b) 1 + x + x2 (c) y - y3

(d) (e) - ab + 2b2 - 3a2

(ii) Identify terms and factors in the expressions given below:

(a) - 4x + 5 (b) - 4x + 5y (c) 5y + 3y2

(d) (e) pq + q

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(f) 1.2 ab - 2.4 b + 3.6 a (g)

(h) 0.1p2 + 0.2 q2

Answer :

(i)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(ii)

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Row Expression Terms Factors

Q3 :
Identify the numerical coefficients of terms (other than constants) in the following expressions:

(i) 5 - 3t2 (ii) 1 + t + t2 + t3 (iii) x + 2xy+ 3y

(iv) 100m + 1000n (v) - p2q2 + 7pq (vi) 1.2a + 0.8b

(vii) 3.14 r2 (viii) 2 (l + b) (ix) 0.1y + 0.01 y2

Answer :

Row Expression Terms Coefficients

(i) 5 - 3t 2
- 3t 2
-3

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(ii) 1+t+t +t 2 3
t 1
t2
1
t3
1
Q4 :
(a) Identify terms which contain x and give the coefficient of x.

(i) y2x + y (ii) 13y2- 8yx (iii) x + y + 2

(iv) 5 + z + zx (v) 1 + x+ xy (vi) 12xy2 + 25

(vii) 7x + xy2
(b) Identify terms which contain y2 and give the coefficient of y2.

(i) 8 - xy2 (ii) 5y2 + 7x (iii) 2x2y -15xy2 + 7y2

Answer :

(a)

Row Expression Terms with x Coefficient of x

(i) yx + y
2
yx
2
y2

(ii) 13y - 8yx2

- 8yx - 8y
(iii) x+y+2 x 1

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(iv) 5 + z + zx zx z
(v) 1 + x + xy x xy 1y

(vi) 12xy + 25
2
12xy 2
12y 2

(vii) 7x+ xy 2
7x xy 2
7y 2

(b)

Q5 :
Classify into monomials, binomials and trinomials.

(i) 4y - 7z (ii) y2 (iii) x + y - xy

(iv) 100 (v) ab - a - b (vi) 5 - 3t

(vii) 4p2q - 4pq2 (viii) 7mn (ix) z2 - 3z + 8

(x) a2 + b2 (xi) z2 + z (xii) 1 + x + x2

Answer :

The monomials, binomials, and trinomials have 1, 2, and 3 unlike terms in it respectively.

(i) 4y - 7z

Binomial

(ii) y2

Monomial

(iii) x + y - xy

Trinomial

(iv) 100

Monomial

(v) ab - a - b

Trinomial

(vi) 5 - 3t

Binomial

(vii) 4p2q - 4pq2

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Binomial

(viii) 7mn

Monomial

(ix) z2 - 3z + 8

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Trinomial

(x) a2 + b2

Binomial

(xi) z2 + z

Binomial

(xii) 1 + x + x2

Trinomial

Q6 :
State whether a given pair of terms is of like or unlike terms.

(i) 1, 100 (ii) (iii) - 29x, - 29y

(iv) 14xy, 42yx (v) 4m2p, 4mp2 (vi) 12xz, 12 x2z2

Answer :

The terms which have the same algebraic factors are called like terms. However, when the terms have different algebraic
factors, these are called unlike terms.

(i) 1, 100

Like

(ii) - 7x,

Like

(iii) - 29x, - 29y

Unlike

(iv) 14xy, 42yx

Like

(v) 4m2p, 4mp2

Unlike

(vi) 12xz, 12x2z2

Unlike

Q7 :
Identify like terms in the following:

(a) -xy2, - 4yx2, 8x2, 2xy2, 7y, - 11x2, - 100x, -11yx, 20x2y, -6x2, y, 2xy,3x

(b) 10pq, 7p, 8q, - p2q2, - 7qp, - 100q, - 23, 12q2p2, - 5p2, 41, 2405p, 78qp, 13p2q, qp2, 701p2

Answer :

(a) -xy2, 2xy2

-4yx2, 20x2y
8x2, -11x2, -6x2

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7y, y

-100x, 3x

-11xy, 2xy

(b) 10pq, -7qp, 78qp

7p, 2405p

8q, -100q

-p2q2, 12p2q2

-23, 41

-5p2, 701p2

13p2q, qp2

<< Previous Chapter 11 : Perimeter and AreaNext Chapter 13 : Exponents and Powers >>
Exercise 12.2 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 239
Q1 :
Simplify combining like terms:

(i) 21b - 32 + 7b - 20b

(ii) - z2 + 13z2 - 5z + 7z3 - 15z

(iii) p - (p - q) - q - (q - p)
(iv) 3a - 2b - ab - (a - b + ab) + 3ab + b - a

(v) 5x2y - 5x2 + 3y x2 - 3y2 + x2 - y2 + 8xy2 -3y2

(vi) (3 y2 + 5y - 4) - (8y - y2 - 4)

Answer :

(i) 21b - 32 + 7b - 20b = 21b + 7b - 20b - 32

= b (21 + 7 - 20) -32

= 8b - 32

(ii) - z2 + 13z2 - 5z + 7z3 - 15z = 7z3 - z2 + 13z2 - 5z - 15z

= 7z3 + z2 (-1 + 13) + z (-5 - 15)

= 7z3 + 12z2 - 20z

(iii) p - (p - q) - q - (q - p) = p - p + q - q - q + p

=p-q

(iv) 3a - 2b - ab - (a - b + ab) + 3ba + b - a

= 3a - 2b - ab - a + b - ab + 3ab + b - a

= 3a - a - a - 2b + b + b - ab - ab + 3ab

= a (3 - 1 - 1) + b (- 2 + 1 + 1) + ab (-1 -1 + 3)

= a + ab
(v) 5x2y - 5x2 + 3yx2 - 3y2 + x2 - y2 + 8xy2 - 3y2

= 5x2y + 3yx2 - 5x2 + x2 - 3y2 - y2 - 3y2 + 8xy2

= x2y (5 + 3) + x2 (-5 + 1) + y2(-3 - 1 - 3) + 8xy2

= 8x2y - 4x2 - 7y2 + 8xy2

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(vi) (3y2 + 5y - 4) - (8y - y2 - 4)

= 3y2 + 5y - 4 - 8y + y2 + 4
= 3y2 + y2 + 5y - 8y - 4 + 4

= y2 (3 + 1) + y (5 - 8) + 4 (1 - 1)

= 4y2 - 3y

Q2 :
Add:

(i) 3mn, - 5mn, 8mn, -4mn

(ii) t - 8tz, 3tz - z, z - t

(iii) - 7mn + 5, 12mn + 2, 9mn - 8, - 2mn - 3

(iv) a + b - 3, b - a + 3, a - b + 3
(v) 14x + 10y - 12xy - 13, 18 - 7x - 10y + 8xy, 4xy

(vi) 5m - 7n, 3n - 4m + 2, 2m - 3mn - 5

(vii) 4x2y, - 3xy2, - 5xy2, 5x2y

(viii) 3p2q2 - 4pq + 5, - 10p2q2, 15 + 9pq + 7p2q2

(ix) ab - 4a, 4b - ab, 4a - 4b

(x) x2 - y2 - 1 , y2 - 1 - x2, 1- x2 - y2

Answer :

(i) 3mn + (-5mn) + 8mn + (-4mn) = mn (3 - 5 + 8 - 4)

= 2mn

(ii) (t - 8tz) + (3tz - z) + (z - t) = t - 8tz + 3tz - z + z - t

= t - t - 8tz + 3tz - z + z

= t (1 - 1) + tz (- 8 + 3) + z (- 1 + 1)

= -5tz

(iii) (- 7mn + 5) + (12mn + 2) + (9mn - 8) + (- 2mn - 3)

= - 7mn + 5 + 12mn + 2 + 9mn - 8 - 2mn - 3

= - 7mn + 12mn + 9mn - 2mn + 5 + 2 - 8 - 3

= mn (- 7 + 12 + 9 - 2) + (5 + 2 - 8 - 3)

= 12mn - 4

(iv) (a + b - 3) + (b - a + 3) + (a - b + 3)

=a+b-3+b-a+3+a-b+3

=a-a+a+b+b-b-3+3+3

= a (1 - 1 + 1) + b (1 + 1 - 1) + 3 (- 1 + 1 + 1)

=a+b+3

(v) (14x + 10y - 12xy - 13) + (18 - 7x - 10y + 8yx) + 4xy

= 14x + 10y - 12xy - 13 + 18 - 7x - 10y + 8yx + 4xy

= 14x - 7x + 10y - 10y - 12xy + 8yx + 4xy - 13 + 18

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= x (14 - 7) + y (10 - 10) + xy (- 12 + 8 + 4) - 13 + 18

= 7x + 5

(vi) (5m - 7n) + (3n - 4m + 2) + (2m - 3mn - 5)

= 5m - 7n + 3n - 4m + 2 + 2m - 3mn - 5

= 5m - 4m + 2m - 7n + 3n - 3mn + 2 - 5

= m (5 - 4 + 2) + n (- 7 + 3) -3mn + 2 - 5

= 3m - 4n - 3mn - 3

(vii) 4x2 y - 3xy2 - 5xy2 + 5x2y = 4x2 y + 5x2y - 3xy2 - 5xy2

= x2 y (4 + 5) + xy2 (- 3 - 5)

= 9x2y - 8xy2

(viii) (3p2q2 - 4pq + 5) + (-10 p2q2) + (15 + 9pq + 7p2q2)

= 3p2q2 - 4pq + 5 - 10 p2q2 + 15 + 9pq + 7p2q2

= 3p2q2 - 10 p2q2 + 7p2q2 - 4pq + 9pq + 5 + 15

= p2q2 (3 - 10 + 7) + pq (- 4 + 9) + 5 + 15

= 5pq + 20

(ix) (ab - 4a) + (4b - ab) + (4a - 4b)

= ab - 4a + 4b - ab + 4a - 4b

= ab - ab - 4a + 4a + 4b - 4b

= ab (1 - 1) + a (- 4 + 4) + b(4 - 4)

=0

(x) (x2 - y2 - 1) + (y2 - 1 - x2) + (1 - x2 - y2)

= x2 - y2 - 1 + y2 - 1 - x2 + 1 - x2 - y 2

= x2 - x2 - x2 - y2 + y2 - y2 - 1 - 1 + 1

= x2(1 - 1 - 1) + y2 (-1 + 1 - 1) + (- 1 - 1 + 1)

= - x2 - y2 - 1

Q3 :
Subtract:

(i) - 5y2 from y2

(ii) 6xy from - 12xy

(iii) (a - b) from (a + b)
(iv) a (b - 5) from b (5 - a)

(v) - m2 + 5mn from 4m2 - 3mn + 8

(vi) - x2 + 10x - 5 from 5x - 10

(vii) 5a2 - 7ab + 5b2 from 3ab - 2a2 -2b2

(viii) 4pq - 5q2 - 3p2 from 5p2 + 3q2 - pq

Answer :

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(i) y2 - (-5y2) = y2 + 5y2 = 6y2

(ii) - 12xy - (6xy) = -18xy

(iii) (a + b) - (a - b) = a + b - a + b = 2b

(iv) b (5 - a) - a (b - 5) = 5b - ab - ab + 5a

= 5a + 5b - 2ab

(v) (4m2 - 3mn + 8) - (- m2 + 5mn) = 4m2 - 3mn + 8 + m2 - 5 mn

= 4m2 + m2 - 3mn - 5 mn + 8

= 5m2 - 8mn + 8

(vi) (5x - 10) - (- x2 + 10x - 5) = 5x - 10 + x2 - 10x + 5

= x2 + 5x - 10x - 10 + 5

= x2 - 5x - 5

(vii) (3ab - 2a2 - 2b2) - (5a2- 7ab + 5b2)

= 3ab - 2a2 - 2b2 - 5a2 + 7ab - 5 b2

= 3ab + 7ab - 2a2 - 5a2 - 2b2 - 5 b2

= 10ab - 7a2 - 7b2

(viii) 4pq - 5q2 - 3p2 from 5p2 + 3q2 - pq

(5p2 + 3q2 - pq) - (4pq - 5q2- 3p2)

= 5p2 + 3q2 - pq - 4pq + 5q2 + 3p2

= 5p2 + 3p2 + 3q2 + 5q2 - pq - 4pq

= 8p2 + 8q2 - 5pq

Q4 :
(a) What should be added to x2 + xy + y2 to obtain 2x2 + 3xy?

(b) What should be subtracted from 2a + 8b + 10 to get - 3a + 7b + 16?

Answer :

(a) Let a be the required term.

a + (x2 + y2 + xy) = 2x2 + 3xy

a = 2x2 + 3xy - (x2 + y2 + xy)
a = 2x2 + 3xy - x2 - y2 - xy a
= 2x2 - x2 - y2 + 3xy - xy

= x2 - y2 + 2xy

(b) Let p be the required term.

(2a + 8b + 10) - p = - 3a + 7b + 16
p = 2a + 8b + 10 - (- 3a + 7b + 16)

= 2a + 8b + 10 + 3a - 7b - 16

= 2a + 3a + 8b - 7b + 10- 16

= 5a + b - 6

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Q5 :
What should be taken away from 3x2 - 4y2 + 5xy + 20 to obtain
- x2 - y2 + 6xy + 20?

Answer :

Let p be the required term.

(3x2 - 4y2 + 5xy + 20) - p = - x2 - y2 + 6xy + 20 p

= (3x2 - 4y2 + 5xy + 20) - (- x2 - y2 + 6xy + 20) =

3x2 - 4y2 + 5xy + 20 + x2 + y2 - 6xy - 20 = 3x2 +

x2 - 4y2 + y2 + 5xy - 6xy + 20 - 20

= 4x2 - 3y2 - xy

Q6 :
(a) From the sum of 3x - y + 11 and - y - 11, subtract 3x - y - 11.

(b) From the sum of 4 + 3x and 5 - 4x + 2x2, subtract the sum of 3x2 - 5x
and - x2 + 2x + 5.

Answer :

(a) (3x - y + 11) + (- y - 11)

= 3x - y + 11 - y - 11

= 3x - y - y + 11 - 11

= 3x - 2y

(3x - 2y) - (3x - y - 11)

= 3x - 2y - 3x + y + 11

= 3x - 3x - 2y + y + 11

= - y + 11

(b) (4 + 3x) + (5 - 4x + 2x2) = 4 + 3x + 5 - 4x + 2x2

= 3x - 4x + 2x2 + 4 + 5

= - x + 2x2 + 9

(3x2 - 5x) + (- x2 + 2x + 5) = 3x2 - 5x - x2 + 2x + 5

= 3x2 - x2 - 5x + 2x + 5

= 2x2 - 3x + 5

(- x + 2x2 + 9) - (2x2 - 3x + 5)

= - x + 2x2 + 9 - 2x2 + 3x - 5

= - x + 3x + 2x2 - 2x2 + 9 - 5

= 2x + 4

<< Previous Chapter 11 : Perimeter and AreaNext Chapter 13 : Exponents and Powers >>
Exercise 12.3 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 242

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Q1 :
If m = 2, find the value of:

(i) m - 2 (ii) 3m - 5 (iii) 9 - 5m

(iv) 3m2 - 2m - 7 (v)

Answer :

(i) m - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0

(ii) 3m - 5 = (3 × 2) - 5 = 6 - 5 = 1

(iii) 9 - 5m = 9 - (5 × 2) = 9 - 10 = - 1

(iv) 3m2 - 2m - 7 = 3 × (2 × 2) - (2 × 2) - 7

= 12 - 4 - 7 = 1

(v)

Q2 :
If p = -2, find the value of:

(i) 4p + 7
(ii) -3p2 + 4p + 7

(iii) -2p3 - 3p2 + 4p + 7

Answer :

(i) 4p + 7 = 4 x (-2) + 7 = - 8 + 7 = -1

(ii) - 3p2 + 4p + 7 = -3 (-2) x (-2) + 4 x (-2) + 7

= - 12 - 8 + 7 = -13

(iii) -2p3 - 3p2 + 4p + 7

= -2 (-2) x (-2) x (-2) - 3 (-2) x (-2) + 4 x (-2) + 7

= 16 - 12 - 8 + 7 = 3

Q3 :
Find the value of the following expressions, when x = - 1:

(i) 2x - 7 (ii) - x + 2 (iii) x2 + 2x + 1

(iv) 2x2 - x - 2

Answer :

(i) 2x - 7

= 2 x (-1) - 7 = -9

(ii) - x + 2 = - (-1) + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3

(iii) x2 + 2x + 1 = (-1) x (-1) + 2 x (-1) + 1

=1-2+1=0

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(iv) 2x2 - x - 2 = 2 (-1) x (-1) - (-1) - 2

=2+1-2=1

Q4 :
If a = 2, b = - 2, find the value of:

(i) a2 + b2 (ii) a2 + ab + b2 (iii) a2 - b2

Answer :

(i) a2 + b2

= (2)2 + (-2)2 = 4 + 4 = 8

(ii) a2 + ab + b2

= (2 x 2) + 2 x (-2) + (-2) x (-2)

=4-4+4=4

(iii) a2 - b2 = (2)2 - (-2)2 = 4 - 4 = 0

Q5 :
When a = 0, b = - 1, find the value of the given expressions:

(i) 2a + 2b (ii) 2a2 + b2 + 1

(iii) 2a2 b + 2ab2 + ab (iv) a2 + ab + 2

Answer :

(i) 2a + 2b = 2 x (0) + 2 x (-1) = 0 - 2 = -2

(ii) 2a2 + b2 + 1

= 2 x (0)2 + (-1) x (-1) + 1

=0+1+1=2

(iii) 2a2b + 2ab2 + ab

= 2 x (0)2 x (-1) + 2 x (0) x (-1) x (-1) + 0 x (-1)

=0+0+0=0

(iv) a2 + ab + 2

= (0)2 + 0 x (-1) + 2

=0+0+2=2

Q6 :
Simplify the expressions and find the value if x is equal to 2

(i) x + 7 + 4 (x - 5) (ii) 3 (x + 2) + 5x - 7

(iii) 6x + 5 (x - 2) (iv) 4 (2x -1) + 3x + 11

Answer :
(i) x + 7 + 4 (x - 5) = x + 7 + 4x - 20

= x + 4x + 7 - 20

= 5x - 13

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= (5 x 2) - 13

= 10 - 13 = -3

(ii) 3 (x + 2) + 5x - 7 = 3x + 6 + 5x - 7

= 3x + 5x + 6 - 7 = 8x - 1

= (8 x 2) - 1 = 16 - 1 =15

(iii) 6x + 5 (x - 2) = 6x + 5x - 10

= 11x - 10

= (11 x 2) - 10 = 22 - 10 = 12

(iv) 4 (2x - 1) + 3x + 11 = 8x - 4 + 3x + 11

= 11x + 7

= (11 x 2) + 7 =
22 + 7 = 29

Q7 :
Simplify these expressions and find their values if x = 3, a = - 1, b = - 2.
(i) 3x - 5 - x + 9 (ii) 2 - 8x + 4x + 4

(iii) 3a + 5 - 8a + 1 (iv) 10 - 3b - 4 - 5b

(v) 2a - 2b - 4 - 5 + a

Answer :

(i) 3x - 5 - x + 9 = 3x - x - 5 + 9

= 2x + 4 = (2 x 3) + 4 = 10

(ii) 2 - 8x + 4x + 4 = 2 + 4 - 8x + 4x

= 6 - 4x = 6 - (4 x 3) = 6 - 12 = -6

(iii) 3a + 5 - 8a + 1 = 3a - 8a + 5 + 1

= - 5a + 6 = -5 x (-1) + 6

= 5 + 6 = 11

(iv) 10 - 3b - 4 - 5b = 10 - 4- 3b - 5b

= 6 - 8b = 6 - 8 x (-2)

= 6 + 16 = 22

(v) 2a - 2b - 4 - 5 + a = 2a + a - 2b - 4 - 5

= 3a - 2b - 9s

= 3 x (-1) - 2 (-2) - 9

= - 3 + 4 - 9 = -8

Q8 :
(i) Ifz = 10, find the value of z3 - 3 (z - 10).
(ii) If p = - 10, find the value of p2 - 2p - 100

Answer :

(i) z3 - 3 (z - 10) = z3 - 3z + 30

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= (10 x 10 x 10) - (3 x 10) + 30

= 1000 - 30 + 30 = 1000

(ii) p2 - 2p - 100

= (-10) x (-10) - 2 (-10) - 100

= 100 + 20 - 100 = 20

Q9 :
What should be the value of a if the value of 2x2 + x - a equals to 5, when x = 0?

Answer :

2x2 + x - a = 5, when x = 0

(2 x 0) + 0 - a = 5
0 - a = 5 a = -5

Q10 :
Simplify the expression and find its value when a = 5 and b = -3.
2 (a2 + ab) + 3 - ab

Answer :

2 (a2 + ab) + 3 - ab = 2a2 + 2ab + 3 - ab

= 2a2 + 2ab - ab + 3

= 2a2 + ab + 3

= 2 x (5 x 5) + 5 x (-3) + 3

= 50 - 15 + 3 = 38

<< Previous Chapter 11 : Perimeter and AreaNext Chapter 13 : Exponents and Powers >>
Exercise 12.4 : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 246
Q1 :
Observe the patterns of digits made from line segments of equal length. You will find such segmented digits on the
display of electronic watches or calculators. (a)

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(b)

(c)

If the number of digits formed is taken to be n, the number of segments required to form n digits is given by the
algebraic expression appearing on the right of each pattern.

How many segments are required to form 5, 10, 100 digits of the kind -

, , .

Answer :

(a) It is given that the number of segments required to form n digits of the kind

is (5n + 1).

Number of segments required to form 5 digits = (5 x 5 + 1)

= 25 + 1 = 26

Number of segments required to form 10 digits = (5 x 10 + 1)

= 50 + 1 = 51

Number of segments required to form 100 digits = (5 x 100 + 1)

= 500 + 1 = 501

(b) It is given that the number of segments required to form n digits of the kind is (3n + 1).

Number of segments required to form 5 digits = (3 x 5 + 1)

= 15 + 1 = 16

Number of segments required to form 10 digits = (3 x 10 + 1)

= 30 + 1 = 31

Number of segments required to form 100 digits = (3 x 100 + 1)

= 300 + 1 = 301

(c)It is given that the number of segments required to form n digits of the kind is (5n + 2).

Number of segments required to form 5 digits = (5 x 5 + 2)

= 25 + 2 = 27

Number of segments required to form 10 digits = (5 x 10 + 2)

= 50 + 2 = 52

Number of segments required to form 100 digits = (5 x 100 + 2)

= 500 + 2 = 502

Q2 :

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Use the given algebraic expression to complete the table of number patterns.
The given table can be completed as follows.

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