DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BULANDSHAHR

The human eye and the colourful world

Class: X Subject: Science (Physics)
Worksheet
Case- Study based questions:
1. Read the following and answer any four questions:
A prism is a transparent refracting medium bounded by two plane surfaces inclined to each other at a certain
angle. The refraction of light through a prism follows the laws of refraction. In the prism, refraction takes
place on its refracting surface it means when the light enters the prism and when the light leaves the prism.
The refraction through a prism is shown. Here, A is the angle of prism, ∠∠i is the angle of incidence of the
face AB and ∠∠e is the angle of emergence at other face AC.

The incident ray suffers a deviation or bending through an angle δ due to the refraction through prism.
This angle is called angle of deviation as shown in figure and
∠i + ∠e = ∠δ + ∠A.
(i) The angle between the two refracting surfaces of a prism is called:
(a) angle of prism, (b) angle of deviation,
(c) angle of emergence, (d) none of above.
(ii) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is called:
(a) angle of prism, (b) angle of deviation,
(c) angle of emergence, (d) none of above.
(iii) When a ray is refracted through a prism, then:
(a) ∠i= ∠δ, (b) ∠ i= ∠e+ ∠δ, (c) ∠δ= ∠e, (d) ∠i > ∠r.
(iv) The angle of deviation depends on:
(a) refractive index of prism, (b) angle of incidence, (c) both (a) and (b), (d) none of these.
(v) The rectangular surfaces of a prism are known as:
(a) reflecting surfaces, (b) dispersing surfaces, (c) refracting surfaces, (d) none of these.
2. Read the following and answer any four questions:

When white light is incident on one refracting surface of the prism, the light splits up into constituent
colours violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. The process of splitting of white light into its
seven constituent colours is called dispersion. When the dispersed white light is made to fall on a screen,
we get the band of seven colours is called the spectrum of white light. Red colour bends the least on
passing through the prism and violet colour bends through maximum angle on passing through the prism.

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(i) The splitting of white light can be done by:
(a) lens, (b) prism, (c) mirror, (d) none of these.

(ii) Which phenomenon of light is shown by prism to form a spectrum?

(a) refraction, (b) dispersion, (c) reflection, (d) scattering.

(iii) Which of the following dispersion is correct?

(a)

(b)

(c) (d)

(iv) When a red light or monochromatic light passes through a prism, it:
(a) will not split, (b) will split into seven colours,
(c) will split into white colour, (d) will split into many different colours.

(v) The spectrum produced by the white light by a prism is called:

(a) pure spectrum, (b) impure spectrum,
(c) monochromatic spectrum, (d) none of above.

Note- The spectrum, in which colours are distinct, Colours aren’t overlapped over each other.

(vi) Conclusion of Newton’s Classic Inverted Prism experiment is:

(a) Prism creates colours, whenever white light passes through prism,
(b) Prism creates colours, whenever monocoloured light passes through prism,
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(c) Prism splits colours, whenever white light passes through prism,
(d) Prism splits colours, whenever monocoloured light passes through prism,

3. Read the following and answer any four questions:

The triangular glass prism is the transparent object made of glass having two triangular ends and three
rectangular side the opposite faces of a triangular glass prism are not parallel to one another. When a ray
of light passes through a prism, it bends towards the base of prism but when white light consisting of
seven colours falls on a glass prism, each colour in it is refracted by different angle, with the result that
seven colours are spread out to form spectrum. The red colour is deviated the least and the violet colour
is deviated the maximum.

(i) Different colours in the prism, move with:

(a) different speed, (b) same speed, (c) depends on angle of prism, (d) none of above.

(ii) Angle of deviation is:

(a) same for each colour, (b) different for different colours,
(c) depends on angle of prism, (d) none of above.

(iii) Angle of emergence is:

(a) same for each colour, (b) different for different colours,
(c) depends on angle of prism, (d) none of above.

(iv) Angle of emergence is:

(a) same for each colour, (b) maximum for red colour and minimum for violet colour,
(c) maximum for violet colour and minimum for red colour, (d) none of above.

(v) Angle of deviation is:

(a) same for each colour, (b) maximum for red colour and minimum for violet colour,
(c) maximum for violet colour and minimum for red colour, (d) none of above.

4. Read the following and answer any four questions:

The prism has probably split the incident white light into a band of colours. Note the colours that appear
at the two ends of the colour band. What is the sequence of colours that you see on the screen? The
various colours seen are Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red. The acronym VIBGYOR will
help you to remember the sequence of colours. The band of the coloured components of a light beam is
called its spectrum. You might not be able to see all the colours separately. Yet something makes each
colour distinct from the other. The splitting of light into its component colours is called dispersion.

(i) Colour having maximum wavelength and the colour having maximum speed in prism:
(a) red, red, (b) red, violet, (c) violet, red, (d) violet, violet.

(ii) The colour of light which undergoes least bending on passing through the prism is:
(a) red, (b) violet, (c) yellow, (d) blue.

(iii) The colour of light which undergoes most bending on passing through the prism is:
(a) red, (b) violet, (c) yellow, (d) blue.

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(iv) The colour at the top of the spectrum, coming from the prism:
(a) red, (b) violet, (c) yellow, (d) blue.

(v) The emergent ray bends towards:

(a) base of the prism, (b) towards the angle of prism,
(c) emergent ray is parallel to incident ray, (d) can’t be predicted.

5. Read the following and answer any four questions:

Light of all the colour travel at the same speed in vacuum for all wavelengths. But in any transparent
medium other than air or vacuum (glass or water), the light of different colours travels with different
speeds for different wavelength that means that the refractive index of a particular medium is different
for different wavelength. As there is a difference in their speeds, the light of different colour bend through
different angles. The speed of violet colour is maximum and the speed of red colour is minimum in glass
so, the red light deviates least and violet colour deviates most.

Higher the wavelength of a colour of light, smaller the refractive index and less is the bending of light. This
fact can be verified by using Cauchy relation, which says that: Refractive index of any medium other than
air or vacuum as different refractive indices for different wavelets of light and it is inversely proportional
to square of the wavelength. Cauchy relationship n = A + B/λ 2 where A and B are constant. It means the
same medium will have maximum refractive index for violet colour and minimum for red colour.

(i) Refractive index is the property of:

(a) medium, (b) wavelength of light, (c) both of above, (d) none of the above.

(ii) The same medium will have maximum and minimum refractive index for:
(a) red & violet colour, (b) violet & red colour, (c) red & yellow colour, (d) blue & red colour.

(iii) For the white light going from denser to rarer medium, angle of refraction will be maximum for:
(a) red, (b) violet, (c) yellow, (d) blue.

(iv) For the white light going from rarer to denser medium, angle of refraction will be maximum for:
(a) red, (b) violet, (c) yellow, (d) blue.

(v) The spectrum is observed from prism:

(a) only due to material medium other than vacuum,
(b) only due to different speeds of different colours inside prism,
(c) only due to different wavelengths of different colours inside prism,
(d) only due to peculiar shape of prism,

6. Read the following and answer any four questions:

Light of all the colour travel at the same speed in vacuum for all wavelengths. But in any transparent
medium other than air or vacuum (glass or water), the light of different colours travels with different
speeds for different wavelength that means that the refractive index of a particular medium is different
for different wavelength. As there is a difference in their speeds, the light of different colour bend through

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different angles. The speed of violet colour is maximum and the speed of red colour is minimum in glass
so, the red light deviates least and violet colour deviates most.

(i) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the propagation of light of different colours of
white light in air?
(a) Red light moves fastest,
(b) Blue light moves faster than green light,
(c) All the colours of the white light move with the same speed,
(d) Yellow light moves with the mean speed as that of the red and the violet light.

(ii) Which of the following is the correct order of wavelength?

(a) Red > Green > Yellow, (b) Red > Violet > Green,
(c) Yellow > Green > Violet, (d) Red > Yellow > Orange.

(iii) Which of the following is the correct order of speed of light in glass?
(a) Red > Green > Yellow, (b) Red > Violet > Green,
(c) Yellow > Green > Violet, (d) Red > Yellow > Orange.

(iv) Which colour which has maximum frequency:

(a) Red, (b) Violet, (c) Blue, (d) Green.

(v) Which of the following is the correct order of angle of deviation?

(a) Red > Green > Blue, (b) Blue > Orange > Yellow,
(c) Red > Green > Blue, (d) Blue > Green > Violet.

7. Read the following and answer any four questions:

The spreading of light by the air molecules is called scattering of light. The light having least wavelength
scatters more. The sun appears red at sunrise and sunset, appearance of blue sky it is due to the scattering
of light. The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of particles. The smaller the molecules in
the atmosphere scatter smaller wavelengths of light. The amount of scattering of light depends on the
wavelength of light. When light from sun enters the earth's atmosphere, it gets scattered by the dust
particles and air molecules present in the atmosphere. The path of sunlight entering in the dark room
through a fine hole is seen because of scattering of the sun light by the dust particles present in its path
inside the room.
(i) At the time of sunrise and sunset, the light from sun has to travel:
(a) longest distance of atmosphere, (b) shortest distance of atmosphere,
(c) both (a) and (b), (d) can't say.
(ii) At the time of noon, the light from sun has to travel:
(a) longest distance of atmosphere, (b) shortest distance of atmosphere,
(c) both (a) and (b), (d) can't say.
(iii) At the time of sunrise and sunset:
(a) Blue colour scattered more and red colour reaches our eye,
(b) Red colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,
(c) Green and blue scattered and orange reaches our eye,
(d) None of these.

(iv) At the time of noon:

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(a) Blue colour scattered more and red colour reaches our eye,
(b) Red colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,
(c) Blue colour scatter more but amount of scattering is less,
(d) White colour scatter more but amount of scattering is less.

(v) The danger signs made red in colour, because:

(a) the red light can be seen from farthest distance, (b) the scattering of red light is most,
(c) both (a) and (b), (d) none of these.

8. Read the following and answer any four questions:

Atmospheric refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light on passing through earth’s atmosphere.
Wen star lit enters in earth’s atmosphere, it continuously bends towards normal and hence light follows
a curved path. Since we perceive position of star (source) in the straight direction of incoming light rays
to our eye, so apparent and actual position of point objects are different. As we move above the surface
of earth, density of air goes on decreasing, consequently refractive index, angle of refraction, refracted
ray, position of image and apparent position change continuously. Local conditions like temperature etc.
also affect the optical density of earth’s atmosphere.

On account of atmospheric refraction, stars seen appear higher than they actual are; advanced sunrise;
delayed sunset, oval appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset; stars twinkle, planets do not.

(i) Due to atmospheric refraction, apparent length of the day:

(a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) remains the same, (d) all of these.

(ii) Apparent position of the star appears raised due to:

(a) atmospheric refraction, (b) scattering of light, (c) both (a) and (b), (d) none of these.

(iii) The sun appears oval shaped or flattened due to:

(a) dispersion, (b) scattering, (c) atmospheric refraction, (d) cannot say.
(iv) Twinkling of stars and non-twinkling of planets is accounted for by:
(a) scattering of light, (b) dispersion of light, (c) atmospheric refraction, (d) none of these.
(v) which of the following phenomena of light are involved in the formation of a rainbow:
(a) reflection, refraction and dispersion,
(b) refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection,
(c) refraction, dispersion and internal reflection,
(d) dispersion, scattering and total internal reflection.

9. Read the following and answer any four questions:

Scattering is the phenomenon of spreading of light in all possible directions due to processes of absorption
and reradiation of white light by the smaller particles, coming in the path of light. Scattering (colour of
scattered light) depends on the following parameters:
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1) Size of particle (d), 2) Wavelength of light (λ),
According to Lord Rayleigh, the British physicist,
1) If the particle size is very small, comparable to wavelength of light then the amount (intensity) of
scattered light inversely proportional to the fourth power of wavelength (1/ λ4).
2) If the particle size is larger (not comparable) than wavelength of light then scattering is independent of
wavelength of light. So, each colour will scatter equally in that case and scattered colour will be white.

(i). The colour of sky appears blue, it is due to the:

(a) refraction of light through the atmosphere, (b) dispersion of light by air molecules,
(c) scattering of light by air molecules, (d) all of these.
(ii). The colour of sky appears blue, it is due to the:
(a) Violet colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,
(b) Red colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,

(c) larger scatterar size particle,

(d) None of these.

(iii) The colour of sky appears white in foggy situation due to the:
(a) Violet colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,
(b) Red colour scattered more and blue colour reaches our eye,

(c) larger size scatterar in more in number,

(d) None of these.

(iv) Thick cloud appears black during rainy season:

(a) Violet colour scattered more and no colour reaches our eye,
(b) Due to less scattering,

(c) larger size scatterar in more in number,

(d) Due to more density, less amount of light reaches to ground.

(v) To a person in a spaceship at a high altitude, the colour of sky appears dark:
(a) Due to more distance,
(b) Due to less scattering,
(c) larger size scatterar in more in number,
(d) Due to more density, less amount of light reaches to ground.

10. Read the following and answer any four questions:

The earth’s atmosphere is a heterogeneous mixture of minute particles. These particles include smoke,
tiny water droplets, suspended particles of dust and molecules of air. When a beam of light strikes such
fine particles, the path of the beam becomes visible. The light reaches us, after being reflected diffusely
by these particles. The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles gives rise to Tyndall
effect which you have studied in Class IX. This phenomenon is seen when a fine beam of sunlight enters a
smoke-filled room through a small hole.

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(i) Path of beam is even visible, when we don’t lie in the path of beam:
(a) Due to reflection of light from tiny particles present in beam,
(b) Due to luminous nature of tiny particles present in beam,
(c) Due to scattering of light from tiny particles present in beam,
(d) All of above.

(ii) The path of beam and particles coming in the path of beam, both are visible when light beam come
through the canopy of dense forest:
(a) Due to reflection of light from tiny particles present in beam,
(b) Due to luminous nature of tiny particles present in beam,
(c) Due to scattering of light from tiny particles of true solution present in beam,
(d) Due to scattering of light from tiny particles of colloidal solution present in beam.

(iii) The path of beam and particles coming in the path of beam, both are not visible when light beam
come through the clean air:
(a) Due to reflection of light from tiny particles present in beam,
(b) Due to luminous nature of tiny particles present in beam,
(c) Due to scattering of light from tiny particles of true solution present in beam,
(d) Due to Tyndall effect.

(iv) The sodium thiosulphate solution becomes blue and screen placed after Sodium thio- sulphate
solution appears crimson red colour when white light passes through it, due to:
(a) Rayleigh scattering,
(b) more scattering of lower wavelengths,
(c) less scattering of higher wavelengths,
(d) All of above.

(V) Tyndall effect is:

(a) scattering of light from tiny particles of true solution present in beam,
(b) scattering of light from tiny particles of colloidal solution present in beam,
(c) both of the above,
(d) none of the above.

ASSERTION AND REASON:

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the
correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(e) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

1. Assertion: Blue colour of sky appears due to scattering of blue colour.

Reason: Blue colour has shortest wave length in visible spectrum.

2. Assertion: The light of violet colour deviates the most and the light of red colour the least, while passing
through a prism.
Reason: For a prism material, refractive index is highest for red light and lowest for the violet light.

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3. Assertion: Secondary rainbow is fainter than primary rainbow.
Reason: Secondary rainbow formation is three step process and hence, the intensity of light is reduced at
the second reflection inside the rain drop.

4. Assertion: A white light on passing through prism splits into its component colours as such that the red
light emerges nearest to the base of the prism.
Reason: Wavelength of red light is more than other component colours and hence, red light deviates
least.

5. Assertion: Danger signals are made of red colour.

Reason: Velocity of red light in air is maximum, so signals are visible even in dark.

6. Assertion: Sunlight reaches us without dispersion in the form of white light and not as its components.
Reason: Dispersion takes place due to variation of refractive index for different wavelength but in vacuum
the speed of light is independent of wavelength and hence vacuum is a non-dispersive medium.

7. Assertion: The sky looks dark and black instead of blue in outer space.
Reason: No atmosphere containing air in the outer space to scatter sunlight.

8. Assertion: Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in torches, vehicle head-lights and in search lights.
Reason: When an object is placed beyond the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, the image formed
is real and inverted.

9. Assertion: The light emerges from a parallel-sided glass slab in a direction perpendicular with that in
which enters the glass slab.

Reason: The perpendicular distance between the original path of incident ray and emergent ray coming
out of glass slab is called lateral displacement of the emergent ray of light.

10. Assertion: When a pencil is partly immersed in water and held obliquely to the surface, the pencil
appears to bend at the water surface.

Reason: The apparent bending of the pencil is due to the refraction of light when it passes from water to
air.

11. Assertion: Tyndall Effect is an optical phenomenon of light used to explain atmospheric refraction.
Reason: The tiny particles of dust disperse sunlight in it falls through foliage in a forest. A

12. Assertion: On a clear summer night twinkling of stars is observed.

Reason: The twinkling of stars is caused by dispersion of star light by the atmosphere. C

13. Assertion: On mid-day, the colour of the sunlight becomes white.

Reason: No atmospheric refraction is caused due to overhead sun. C

14. Assertion: There is no Dispersion of light refracted through a rectangular glass slab.

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Reason: Dispersion of light is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into component colour.

15. Assertion: A beam of white light give the spectrum on passing through a hollow prism
Reason: Speed of light outside the prism is same as the speed of light inside the prism.

16. Assertion: The light of violet colour deviates the most and that light of red colour the least, while
passing through a prism.
Reason: For a prism material, refractive index is highest for red light and lowest for the violet light.

17. Assertion: The planets Twinkle while the star Don't.

Reason: The planets are much closer to the earth in compare to stars.

18. Assertion: The twinkling of star is due to the fact that refractive index of the earth’s atmosphere
fluctuates.
Reason: When light propagates from one medium to another its direction of propagation changes.

19. Assertion: Rainbow is an example of the dispersion of Sunlight by the water droplets.
Reason: light of shorter wavelength is scattered much more than light of larger wavelength.

20. Assertion: The rainbow is seen when the sun is behind the observer.
Reason: Rainbow is produced due to Dispersion of white light small raindrops hanging in the air after the
rain.
MCQ type questions:
1. A student traces the path of a ray through a glass prism for four different values of angle of incidence.
On analysing the diagrams, he is likely to conclude that the emergent ray:
(a) is always parallel to the incident ray, (b) is always perpendicular to the incident ray,
(c) is always parallel to the refracted ray, (d) always bends at an angle to the direction of incident ray.

2. A student is observing the diagram showing the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism. He
would find that for all angles of incidence the ray of light bends:
(а) towards the normal while entering into the prism and away from the normal while emerging out of
the prism,
(b) away from the normal while entering into the prism and towards the normal while emerging out of
the prism,
(c) away from the normal while entering as well as while emerging out of the prism,
(d) towards the normal while entering as well as while emerging out of the prism.
3. In the following diagram, the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism is shown:

In this diagram the angle of incidence, the angle of emergence and the angle of deviation respectively are
(select the correct option):
(a) X, R and T, (b) Y, Q and T, (c) X, Q and P, (d) Y, Q and P.
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4. After tracing the path of a ray of light through a glass prism a student marked the angle of incidence
(∠i), angle of refraction (∠r), angle of emergence (∠e) and the angle of deviation (∠D) as shown in the
diagram. The correctly marked angles are:

(a) ∠i and ∠r (b) ∠i and ∠e (c) ∠i, ∠e and ∠D (d) ∠i, ∠r and ∠e.
5. The splitting of white light into its component colours is called:
(a) refraction, (b) reflation, (c) dispersion, (d) Tyndall effect.

6. In an experiment to trace the path of a ray of light through a glass prism for different values of angle of
incidence a student would find that the emergent ray:
(a) is parallel to the incident ray, (b) is perpendicular to the incident ray,
(c) is parallel to the refracted ray, (d) bends at an angle to the direction of incident ray.

7. While performing the experiment to trace the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism, four
students marked the incident ray and the emergent ray in their diagrams in the manner shown below.

The correct path of the rays has been shown by:

(a) (i), (b) (ii), (c) (iii) (d) (iv).

8. The splitting of light into its component colours is called:

(a) Spectrum, (b) Dispersion, (c) Tyndall effect, (d) Refraction.

9. The splitting of white light into different colours on passing through a prism is called:
(a) reflection, (b) refraction, (c) dispersion, (d) deviation.

10. At noon, the Sun appears white as:

(a) blue colour is scattered the most, (b) red colour is scattered the most,
(c) light is least scattered, (d) all the colours of the white light are scattered away.

11. The splitting of white light into different colours on passing through a prism is called:
(a) reflection, (b) refraction, (c) dispersion, (d) deviation.

12. Which amongst the given radiation is preferred for taking photographs in fog?
(a) Ordinary visible light, (b) Infrared, (c) Microwave, (d) X-rays.

13. Name the scientist who was the first to use a glass prism to obtain the spectrum of sunlight:
(a) Isaac Newton, (b) Einstein, (c) Cauchy, (d) Rayleigh.

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14. A piece of cloth looks red in sun light. It is held in the blue portion of a solar spectrum it will appear:
(a) red, (b) black, (c) blue, (d) white.

15. The effect of glass prism is only to separate the seven colours of:
(a) White light, (b) light from bulb, (c) Sunlight, (d) All.

16. The __ colour is at the top and ____ colour is at the bottom of spectrum:
(a) Red, Violet (b) Red, Blue (c) Violet, red (d) None

17. Who discovered the experiments with glass prism that white light consists of seven colours:
(a) Newton (b) Faraday (c) Maxwell (d) Young

18. The light that deviates most while passing through a prism:
(a) Red (b) Violet (c) Indigo (d) Yellow

19. Whenever monochromatic light passes through prism, it:

(a) splits in different colours, (b) it bends towards the base of prism,
(c) both of above, (d) none of the above.

20. The image shows a light ray incident on a glass prism:

The various angles are labelled in the image. Which angle shows the angle of incidence and angle of
refraction, respectively?
(a) A and D, (b) B and E, (c) C and F, (d) D and F.

21. The deflection of light by minute particles and molecules of the atmosphere in all directions is called
____________ of light:
(a) dispersion (b) scattering, (c) interference, (d) Tyndall effect.
22. Which of the following phenomena contributes significantly to the reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise or sunset?
(a) Dispersion of light, (b) Scattering of light,
(c) Total internal reflection of light, (d) Reflection of light from the earth.
23. Why do stars appear to twinkle at night?
(a) because the light of stars travels in different medium,
(b) because the distance of star varies when earth rotates,
(c) because the star changes its position relative to earth,
(d) because the atmosphere reflects the light at different angles.
24. When white light enters a prism, it gets split into its constituent colours. This is due to:
(a) different refractive index for different wavelength of each colour,
(b) each colour has the same velocity in the prism,
(c) prism material has high density,
(d) Scattering of light.
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25. On entering a glass prism, sun rays are:
(a) Deviated but not dispersed, (b) Deviated and dispersed,
(c) Dispersed but not deviated, (d) Neither deviated nor dispersed.
26. Which option justifies that the Sun appears red at sunrise and sunset?
(a) red scatters highest by the atmosphere
(b) the distance between the sun and earth reduces
(c) red has high wavelength, so it travels longer distance
(d) the white light disperses into seven colours, only red enters the atmosphere.
27. At noon the sun appears white as:
(a) light is least scattered (b) all the colours of the white light are scattered away
(c) blue colour is scattered the most (d) red colour is scattered the most.
28. Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric:
(a) dispersion of light by water droplets,
(b) refraction of light by different layers of varying refractive indices,
(c) scattering of light by dust particles,
(d) internal reflection of light by clouds.
29. The image shows the dispersion of the white light in the prism:

What will be the colours of the X, Y and Z?

(a) X: red; Y: green; Z: violet, (b) X: violet; Y: green; Z: red,
(c) X: green; Y: violet; Z: red, (d) X: red; Y: violet; Z: green.

30. Which image shows the deviation of light in a prism?

(a)

31. The deflection of light by minute particles and molecules of the atmosphere in all direction is called
____________ of light:
(a) dispersion, (b) scattering, (c) interference, (d) Tyndall effect.
32. One cannot see through the fog, because:
(a) refractive index of the fog is very high, (b) light suffers total reflection at droplets,
(c) fog absorbs light, (d) light is scattered by the droplets.

33. A prism ABC (with BC as base) is placed in different orientations. A narrow beam of white light is
incident on the prism as shown in figure. In which of the following cases, after dispersion, the third colour
from the top corresponds to the colour of the sky?

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34. At sun rise or at sun set the sun appears to be reddish while at mid-day it looks white. This is because:
(a) Scattering due to dust particles and air molecules causes this phenomenon,
(b) The sun is cooler at sun rise or at sunset,
(c) Refraction causes this phenomenon,
(d) Diffraction sends red rays to the earth at these times.
Note- Due to more wavelength and less scattering

35. A glass slab is placed over a page on which the word VIBGYOR is printed with each letter in
corresponding colour. Then, which of the following is correct?
(a) The images of all the letters will be in the same place as that on paper, (b) Letter V is raised more,
(c) Letter R is raised more, (d) None of the above.
36. The clear sky appears blue because:
(a) blue light gets absorbed in the atmosphere,
(b) ultraviolet radiations are absorbed in the atmosphere,
(c) violet and blue lights get scattered more than lights of all other colours by the atmosphere,
(d) light of all other colours is scattered more than the violet and blue colour lights by the atmosphere.

37. The danger signals installed at the top of tall buildings are red in colour. These can be easily seen from
a distance because among all other colours, the red light:
(a) is scattered the most by smoke or fog, (b) is scattered the least by smoke or fog,
(c) is absorbed the most by smoke or fog, (d) moves fastest in air.

38. The bluish colour of water in deep sea is due to:

(a) the presence of algae and other plants found in water, (b) reflection of sky in water,
(c) scattering of light, (d) absorption of light by the sea.

39. The splitting of white light into different colours on passing through a prism is called:
(a) reflection, (b) refraction, (c) dispersion, (d) deviation.

40. Even in absolutely clear water, a diver cannot see very clearly because:
(a) rays of lights get diffused,
(b) velocity of light is reduced in water,
(c) ray of light passing through the water makes it turbid,
(d) the focal length of the eye lens in water gets changed and the image is no longer focussed sharply on
the retina.

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Very fine particles scatter more of ………… colour.

2. Red light is used for signals as it is ………………… scattered.

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3. The dispersion of white light occurs because colours of white light at different …………. through the glass
prism.
4. Phenomenon of splitting of white light into its constituent colours is ..........
5. ..............causes the blue colour of sky and the reddening of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.
6. Sunlight comprises .......... colours.
7. When a monochromatic ray passes through a prism, it ………
8. When a polychromatic ray passes through a prism, it ………….
9. Scattering of light by colloidal solution is known as ……………….
10. Scattering depends on the ……………… and ………….

Short answer type questions:

1. A 14-year-old student is not able to see clearly the questions written on the blackboard placed at a distance of 5
m from him.
(a) Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
(b) With the help of labelled ray diagrams show how this defect can be corrected.
(c) Name the type of lens used to correct this defect.
2. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow it:

(a) Which defect of vision is represented in this case? Give reason for your answer.
(b) What could be the two causes of this defect?
(c) With the help of a diagram show how this defect can be corrected by the use of a suitable lens.
3. Student sitting at the back bench in a class is not able to see what is written on the blackboard. He however, sees
it clearly when sitting on the front seat at an approximate distance of 1.5 m from the blackboard. Draw ray diagrams
to illustrate the image formation of the blackboard when he is seated at the (i) back seat (ii) front seat.
4. What is meant by spectrum of white light? How can we recombine the components of white light after a prism
has separated them? Draw a diagram to illustrate it.
5. (a) What is dispersion of white light? What is the cause of such dispersion? Draw a diagram to show the dispersion
of white light by a glass prism.
(b) A glass prism is able to produce a spectrum when white light passes through it but a glass slab does not produce
any spectrum. Explain why is it so?
6. (a) Explain the following terms used in relation to defects in vision and correction provided by them:
(i) Myopia (ii) Astigmatism (iii) Bifocal lenses (iv) Far-sightedness.
(b) Why is the normal eye unable to focus on an object placed within 10 cm from the eye?
7.Give reasons:
(i) The extent of deviation of a ray of light on passing through a glass prism depends on its colour.
(ii) Lights of red colour are used for danger signals.
8.A star appears slightly higher (above) than its actual position in the sky. Illustrate it with the help of a labelled
diagram.

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