wkdjrK w.h (Exposure Value) iy APEX .

Kk l%uh
PdhdrEm .ekSu i|yd wjYH wkdjrKh oelaùfï § wkdjrK w.h (Exposure Value) kï jQ ñkqula
we;eï úg PdhdrEmlrKfha § Ndú;d fõ' fuu ñkqu fndfyda úg leurdj, wkdjrK ls%hdldß;ajh
±laùfï § leurd w;afmd;aj, i|ykaj ;sfnkq ±lsh yel'

±kg Ndú;fha mj;sk kùk äðg,a j¾.fha leurdj, wkdjrKh ,nd §u uq¿uksku a iajhxlS%h j isÿ jk
ksid fuu lreKq ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍula wjYH jkafka PdhdrEmlrKh wOHdmksl úIhhla f,i yodrk
úoHd¾Òkag muKla úh yel' tfy;a yqfola lreKq ldrKd ±k.ekSfï wNs,dIfhka miqjk whg o fuu
úia;rh m%fhdackj;a jkq we;'

idudkHfhka wkdjrKh olajkafka ldp újr w.h (f-number) yd oajdr fõ.h (shutter speed) hk fofla
ixl,khla (combiítion) yeáhg h' tfy;a wkdjrK w.h u.ska th ±laùfï § fuu ñkqï foflau ^tkï
ldp újr w.h yd oajdr fõ.h& wkqidrfhka ilia lr.;a ;ks ixLHdjlska th ±la fõ' WoddyrK jYfhka
f 8 l ldp újr w.hla yd ;;amr 1/125 l oajdr fõ.hla u.ska ,efnk wkdjrKh" 13 l wkdjrK w.hlg
iudk fõ' f 5.6 yd ;;amr 1/250 hk ixl,kh o fuhgu iudk fõ'

my; ±lafjk j.=fõ úúO wkdjrK w.hhka i|yd tla tla oajdr fõ.hg wod, ldp újr w.hhka olajd
we;' tu j.=j wkqj hï wkdjrK w.hla i|yd fhÈh yels ldp újr yd oajdr fõ.
ixl,khka .Kkdjla u we;s nj Tng fmfkkq we;' fï ksid tu ixl,khka ish,a,u i|yka lrkq
fjkqjg tla wxlhlska wkdjrKh ±laùug yels ùu fuys we;s úfYaI;ajhls' ;j o fuu j.=j ilia lr
we;af;a ASA 100 l mg, ^fyda ixfõol& fõ.hla i|yd jk w;r fjk;a mg,$ixfõol fõ. i|yd Bg
wkqrEmj wod, mg, fõ. mshjr .Kkska ldp újr$oajdr fõ. ixl,khka fjkia lr .; hq;= h'

wkdjrK
w.h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1
/4000 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16
1
/2000 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22
1
/1000 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32
1
/500 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/250 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/125
oajdr fõ.h ^;;amr&

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45

1
/60 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/30 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/15 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/8 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/4 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45
1
/2 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45

1 1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45

2 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45

4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 45

jD;a;Sh PdhdrEm Ys,amSka úiska w;S;fha § Ndú;d lrk ,o wkdjrK udkj, Ndú;d jQfha fuu wkdjrK
w.h u.ska wkdjrKh ±laùfï l%uhls' wkdjrK udkfha mg, fõ.h ^äðg,a leurdjl kï ixfõolfha
fõ.h& ilia fldg mdGdxlhla ,nd .ekSfï § tu mdGdxlh uq,ska ,efnkafka wkdjrK w.h f,isks' bka
wk;=rej tu w.h wkdjrK udkfha we;s vh,hl uqyqKf;a igyka jk mßÈ vh,h wod, ASA w.h o
iys;j ksis msysàug lrlejQ úg Bg wod, ldp újr yd oajdr fõ. ixl,khka ,nd .; yel'

lsishï leurdjl ldp újr w.hhka f 1.4 isg f 16 olajd o" oajdr fõ.hka ;;amr 1 isg ;;amr 1/1000
olajd o imhd we;akï tu leurdfõ wkdjrK w.h mrdih 1 isg 18 fõ' ^by; j.=fõ i<l=Kq lr we;s
fldgqj,g wkqrEm wkdjrK w.hhka n,kak'&

lsishï wkdjrK w.hlg wod, jk ldp újr$oajdr fõ. ixl,khka .Kkdjla u ,nd .; yels nj Tn
±ka okS' tu ixl,khka .Ks;uh l%uhlg o ,nd .; yel' fï i|yd my; ±lafjk .Ks; iQ;%h

msgq wxl 1 / 4
Wmfhda.s fldg.; yel' fuu .Ks; iQ;% Ndú;d lsÍug .Ks;fha o¾Yl (Indices) kñka jQ úIhh fCIa;%h
ms<sn|j uQ,sl ±kqula wjYH fõ' ta ms<sn|j Tng ±kqula ke;skï fuys my; olajd we;s úia;rh
fkdi<ld yßkak' .Ks; iQ;% Ndú;fhka f;drj by; olajd we;s j.=j mßyrKh lsÍu muKla iEfykq
we;'

by; lS .Ks; iQ;%h jkafka"

𝑓
2 =
𝑡
fuu .Ks; iQ;%fha we;s ixfla;j,ska ±lafjk ñkqï my; i|yka mßÈ fõ'

EV = wkdjrK w.h
f = ldp újr w.h fyj;a f wxlh
t = oajdr fõ.h ;;amrj,ska
1
±ka f = 8 yd EV = 14 hk w.hhka fhdod oajdr fõ.h f,i by; j.=fõ ±lafjk mßÈ ;;amr /250
la ,efnkafka±hs n,uq'

8
2 =
𝑡
8 (2 ) 2 1 1
𝑡= = = = =
2 2 2 2 256
1
fuh wdikak jYfhka / 250 f,i .; yel'

wkdjrK udkhla

ó<Õg mj;sk wdf,dal ;;a;ajh yd mg, fõ.h iu. wkdjrK w.h olajk iïnkaO;djh ms<sn|j lreKq
wOHhkh lruq' mg,hl fõ.h olajk m%Odk l%u folla we;' ASA iy DIN hkq ta l%u folhs 1' thska
wkdjrK w.h iïnkaO .Kkh lsÍïj,g Wmfhda.S lr.kafka ASA fõ. l%uhhs' ASA fõ. l%uh
wxl .Ks;uh l%uhls' ASA w.h fo.=K jk úg mg, fõ.h o fo.=Khla fõ'

1 0
cd;Hak;r iïu; l%uhg (ISO) wkqj mg,hl fõ.h ASA iy DIN hk l%u foflau ixl,khla f,i olajkq ,efí' Wod' ISO 100/21

msgq wxl 2 / 4
mj;sk wdf,dal ;;a;ajh .ek i<ld ne,Sug fmr wdf,dal ñkqï ms<sn|j hï meyeÈ,s lsÍula l< hq;j =
we;ehs isf;a' wdf,dal m%Njhl ;Sj%;djh olajkafka lekafv,d (cd) kï tallh u.sks' lekafv,d tlla hkq
bámkaoulska ksl=;a jk wdf,dal m%udKh f,i o, jYfhka ie<lsh yel' tfia jqj o lekafv,d tll
úoHd;aul w¾: ±laùu jkafka —meiameial,a 101,325 l iïu; jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkhla hgf;a ma,eákï f,dayh
øj jk WIaK;ajhg r;a lrk ,o mQ¾K lDIaK jia;=jl j._ ógrhlska 1/600000 l fldgilska ksl=;ajk
wdf,dal m%udKh˜ hkqfjks'

lekafv,d tll wdf,dal m%Njhla wrh wä tlla jk f.d

f.da,hl
,hl flakaøfha ;nd we;súg tu f.da,fha we;=,a
mDIaGfha j._ wähl fCIa;h
% lg ,efnk wdf,dal m%udKh ^fuh wdf,dal i%djh f,i ±la fõ'& ¨uka tlla
f,i w¾: ±la fõ' fuu tallhu —wä bámkaoï˜ (foot candle) f,i o we;eï úg jHjydr fõ' my;
±lafjk rEm igyk n,kak'

wod, ñkqï ógrj,ska ±laùfï§ o by; lS w¾: ±laùu j,x.= fõ' ta wkqj lekafv,d tll wdf,dal
m%Njhla wrh óg¾ tlla jk f.da,hl flakaøfha ;nd we;s úg f.da,fha we;=,a mDIaGfha j¾. ógrhl
fCIa;%hlg ,efnk wdf,dal i%djh o ¨uka tlla fõ'

mj;sk wdf,dal ;;a;ajh" mg,fõ.h iy wkdjrK w.h w;r iïnkaO;dj my; ±lafjk .Ks; iQ;h
%
u.ska ±la fõ'

𝐼 𝑆
2 = .
6 3
I = mj;sk wdf,dal i%djh ¨uka j,ska
S = mg, fõ.h ASA l%uhg
fuys ' ,l=Kska olajd we;af;a .=K lsÍfï ixfla;hhs'

wdf,dal i%djh ¨uka 750 la yd mg, fõ.h ASA 200 la kï wkdjrK w.h .Kkh lr n,uq'

𝐼 𝑆
2 = .
6 3

2 = . = 125 𝑋 66 = 2 𝑋 2 ^wdikak jYfhka& = 2

2 = 2

ta wkqj"

𝐸𝑉 = 13
wkdjrK w.h"" ldp újr w.h yd oajdr fõ.hg we;s iïnkaO;djh ±lafjk iólrKh o iu.
by; .Ks; iQ;%h my; ±lafjk wdldrhg ,súh yel'

𝑓 𝐼 𝑆
= 2 = .
𝑡 6 3
fuu wdldrhg wkdjrK w.h mokï lrf.k ldp újr w.h" oajdr fõ.h" mg, fõ.h iy mj;sk
wdf,dal ;Sj%;djh hk idOl o iïnkaO lrf.k .Ks;uh wdldrhg tlS idOl w;r wka;¾
iïnkaO;djhka olajk l%uh APEX .Kk l%uh f,i;a ^fuh Additive System of Photographic Exposure
hk fhÿu wdY%fhka ilia lr.;a fláikls&" by; i|yka l< .Ks; iQ;%h APEX iQ;%h f,i;a ye¢ka fõ'

ta wkqj mj;sk wdf,dal ;;a;ajh iy mg, fõ.h okakd úg by; .Ks; iQ;%h Ndú;fhka wod, ldp újr
yd oajdr fõ. ixl,khka ,nd .; yelsh' flfia jqj o" h<s;a i|yka l< hq;=j we;af;a PdhdrEm
Ys,amsfhl=g fujeks .Ks; l¾u ±k isàu wksjd¾h fkdjk nj;a" jvd jeo.;a jkafka m%dfhda.sl Ndú;hka
iy mßl,amkh yd m%;sNdj hk .=Kdx.hka nj;a h'

msgq wxl 4 / 4