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Sub Surface Geology

The document summarizes subsurface geological data from an area. It reveals three aquifer systems between 0-375 meters depth, separated by two clay layers. The groundwater is generally potable with electrical conductance between 330-1250 μS/cm. It recommends installing tube wells 120-140 meters deep, which are estimated to yield around 150,000 liters per day based on the uniform underground conditions observed in resistivity testing. Limitations note the underground conditions may vary from interpretations.

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Umesh Mishra
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71 views3 pages

Sub Surface Geology

The document summarizes subsurface geological data from an area. It reveals three aquifer systems between 0-375 meters depth, separated by two clay layers. The groundwater is generally potable with electrical conductance between 330-1250 μS/cm. It recommends installing tube wells 120-140 meters deep, which are estimated to yield around 150,000 liters per day based on the uniform underground conditions observed in resistivity testing. Limitations note the underground conditions may vary from interpretations.

Uploaded by

Umesh Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUB SURFACE GEOLOGY

The Electrical log reveals the aquifer geometry down to 375 m depth. Two clay layers are
occurring at a depth of 70- 90 meters and other at 200 m. Thickness of first clay layer is 8-10
meters while second clay layer is of 25 meters.

Three layer aquifer system exists in area. The formation encountered are sand of various grades
clay and kankar. The aquifer material is sand fine to coarse grained with occasional gravels.

First Aquifer depth range is from 00.00 to 90 m

Second aquifer depth range is from 100 m to 200 m

Third Aquifer depth range is from 210 to 375 m

GROUND WATER QUALITY

The area in general, is composed of alluvium formations with good yield of water, the study
indicated that the ground water is potable , the specific electrical conductance ranges from 330
t0 1250 µS/cm at 25 degree centigrade.

GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

a) Site Assessment:-

1)Being part of Indogangetic alluvial plain, the area is almost flat alluvial plain with master
slope towards south.

2)Ground water occurs under phreatic conditions at shallow depths and under semi-confined
conditions at greater depths.

3)Resistivity Data indicates that the surveyed artea ha uniform underground conditions with
minor changes at specific locations. In general trend of ground water conditions is uniform and
no substantial variations are expected.

4) The survey indicated that there is no hard rock exist beneath up to 90 m.

b) Groundwater Potential and Quality

There is no exact method of calculating yields from tubewell using VES data. However , a good
and reliable estimate can be made on the basis of resistivity values, interpreted stratigraphy,
hydrological information and local site conditions. Broadly the assessment of yield is made after
careful review of the following:

1) Thickness of sand zones


2) Ground water condition in the area
3) Gelogy of the area
4) Actual yield from the existing wells in vicinity
5) Presence of water bodies in the surrounding area.
6) Rainfall in the project area and expected recharge of the ground water sources,
7) Assessment of hydraulic gradient and ground water flow.

Based on review of various parameters as explained above, the interpreted stratigraphy and expected
water quality of location is presented in tabular from below in the report.

1) Resistivity data indicates that the surveyed area has uniform underground conditions with minor
changes at specific locations.
2) The quality of ground water is potable and fit for any use. There may be minor variations in the
actual quantity that can be drawn depending upon various seasonal and hydrological factors.
3) Overall study indicated that the site has good ground water potential.
4) Whereas yields will be higher in coarse sand, the yield will be lesser in fine sand and start
containing silts and clays.
Tube wells for the project should be installed to about 130-140 m depth. As per our assessment,
The tube well yield will be 150000 littres per day for maximum 10 hour pumping. The recharge
of ground water is good; however it is likely that yield could decrease over a period of time.
The yield and quality of ground water will be influenced by the urbanization and industrialization
in the area and number of tube wells that may be with in the area and n surrounding area in
future and quantum of water extracted from aquifer.
Recommended Tube wells
Tube-well drilled to a depth of 120 m to 140m using DTH technique with an efficient pumping
system may be installed under and expert guidance. The study confirms that the underground
formations are fairly uniform.

LIMITATIONS

All projections and recommendations are subject to the inherent limitations of the technique employed.
There could be variation as the underground conditions are not always amenable to physical
interpretations.

SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Telford Test House assessed the ground water potential at village………………………. In Bijnor district. The
results from hydro-geological and geophysical investigations reveal good under ground water potential.

A general assessment of site indicates tha current ground water potential can be about 12,000 to 15000
litre per hour from one tubewell.
RESULT OF VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING ( VES)

S.NO AB/2 ( M) Apparent Resistivity in Remark


ohm-m
1 1 35
2 3 36
3 5 32
4 7 36
5 10 35
6 15 34
7 20 30
8 25 21
9 30 25
10 35 26
11 40 28
12 45 24
13 50 23
14 55 145
15 60 52
16 70 140

APPARENT RESISTIVITY CURVE

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