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Reviewer Soil and Water - Questions

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Reviewer Soil and Water - Questions

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manga43671
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Soil and Water Conservation

Engineering

1. A device to measure the depth and intensity of rain falling on a flat


surface
a. rain gauge c. hygrometer
b. tipping bucket d. pyranometer

2. Return period that is being used as a basis in the design of vegetated


waterway
a. 2 years c. design return period
b. 10-years d. 50-years

3. The flow velocity that is being considered in the design of


vegetated waterway to prevent erosion
a. design velocity c. permissible velocity
b. erosive velocity d. none of the above

4. Rainfall pattern that causes higher runoff peaks


a. advanced pattern c. intermediate pattern
b. delayed pattern d. none of the above

5. Plowing, planting, cultivating, and harvesting along


the contour
a. terracing c. strip cropping
b. contouring d. none of the above

6. Practice of growing alternate strips of different crops in the same field


a. terracing c. strip cropping
b. contouring d. none of the above

7. The entry of water into the soil surface


a. percolation c. seepage
b. infiltration d. none of the above

8. The transfer of liquid water into the atmosphere


a. evaporation c. radiation
b. transpiration d. none of the above

9. A structure that serves as a protection of reservoir from overtopping


a. freeboard c. embankment
b.dike d. spillway
10. The process of changing the natural topography so as to control
the movement of water onto or from the land surface.
a. terracing c. land forming
b. contouring d. none of the above

11. Terraces that are constructed to conserve water and


control erosion
a. bench terraces c. vegetated terraces
b. level terraces d. none of the above

12. A type of embankment constructed of relatively homogenous soil


materials
a. simple embankment c. all of the above
b. diaphragm d. none of the above

13. A graphical or tabular representation of runoff rate


against time
a. velocity rate c. discharge rate
b. hydrograph d. none of the above

14. A type of embankment that uses a thin wall of plastic, concrete, steel
to form a barrier against seepage through the fill
a. simple embankment c. diaphragm type
b. zoned type d. none of the above

15. The distance between the maximum flood peak level in the
reservoir and the top of the dam or embankment
a. freeboard c. dike
b. flood surplus d. embankment

16. Rainfall pattern brings higher intensities when infiltration rate is


greatest
a. advanced pattern c. uniform pattern
b. delayed pattern d. none of the above

17. A method of determining areal precipitation by drawing lines of equal


rainfall
a. Thiessen polygon c. average precipitation
b. isohyetal method d. none of the above

18. Expressed as the vertical distance between the channels of successive


terraces
a. spacing c. differential height
b. sequential height d. none of the above
19. A portion of precipitation that makes its way toward stream channels
a. runoff c. interception
b. percolation d. depression
20. A stable channel constructed to handle excess runoff
a. irrigation canal c. culvert
b. vegetated waterways d. flumes

21. Process where water vapor passes to the atmosphere through the
tissues of living plants
a. evaporation c. transpiration
b. radiation d. evapotranspiration

22. The time required for water to flow from the most remote point of
the area to the outlet
a. travel time c. flow duration
b. time of concentration d. none of the above

23. The capacity to be provided in a structure that must carry runoff


a. design runoff rate c. permissible capacity
b. design capacity d. none of the above

24. A method of erosion control accomplished by constructing broad


channels across the slope of rolling fields
a. contouring c. terraces
b. strip cropping d. none of the above

25. Drains that are best suited to the drainage of scattered depressions
a. Parallel field drain c. bedding
b. random field drain d. parallel lateral ditch system

26. Soil removal from stream banks


a. rill erosion c. sheet erosion
b. gully erosion d. streambank erosion

27. A type of embankment that places within the dam a central


section of highly impermeable soil material
a. simple embankment c. zoned type
b. diaphragm type d. none of the above

28. Widely accepted method of estimating sediment loss


a. USLE c. RUSLE
b. rational method d. none of the above
29. Structures that can be recommended in situations where cheap labor
and materials can be used.
a. permanent structures c. temporary structures
b. ordinary structures d. small hydraulic structures

30. Type of erosion that includes soil-forming as well as soil eroding


processes that maintain the soil in a favorable balance.
a. human induced erosion c. geological erosion
b. ordinary erosion d. artificial erosion

31. A condition when flow changes from a flow depth less than the
critical depth to a flow depth greater than the critical depth.
a. subcritical flow c. rill erosion
b. supercritical flow d. raindrop erosion
d. hydraulic jump

32. Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from sloping land.


a. gully erosion c. rill erosion
b. sheet erosion d. stream bank erosion

33. Detachment and transport of soil particles by a concentrated flow


of water and are small enough to be removed by normal tillage
operation.
a. gully erosion c. rill erosion
b. sheet erosion d. stream bank erosion

34. Structures that are used when water in an irrigation canal must
be conveyed under natural or artificial drainage channel.
a. inverted siphon c. drop spillway
b. chutes d. pipe spillway

35. Non-erodible materials that protect dams to considerable wave action.


a. clay c. concrete
b. riprap d. fine sand

36. A given quantity of water in an open conduit that may flow in two
depths having the same energy head.
a. supercritical depth c. submerged depth
b. subcritical depth d. critical depth
37. Structure where kinetic energy is dissipated before the flow is
discharge from the structure.
a. inverted siphon c. drop spillway
b. chutes d. pipe spillway

38. Structure that are designed to carry flow down steep slopes through
a concrete lined channel.
a. inverted siphon c. drop spillway
b. chutes d. pipe spillway

39. A line above where there is no hydrostatic pressure and below


which there is hydrostatic pressure.
a. hydraulic line c. seepage line
b. flow net d. water table

40. A process of continuous circulation of water between the


oceans, atmosphere, biosphere, and the soils and rocks of the
geosphere.
a. Water Cycle c. Precipitation
b. Hydrology d. None of the above

41. Is a weather instrument used to measure wind speed.


a. Wind vane c. Psychrometer
b. Anemometer d. None of the above

42. Refers to the weather instrument used to measure relative humidity.


a. Wind vane c. Psychrometer
b. Anemometer d. None of the above

43. Type of rainfall caused by the upward lifting of the air mass due to a
mountain
a. Frontal c. Convective
b. Orographic d. Cyclonic

44. Refers to the geologic material that stores, transmits, and yields
groundwater to wells and springs.
a. aquifer c. tunnels
b. porous media d. None of the above

45. It is the natural or synthetic hydrograph for one unit of direct


runoff from the catchment of a specified unit of time
a. Basic hydrograph c. Design hydrograph
b. Unit hydrograph d. Runoff hydrograph
46. What is the effect of the presence of extensive vegetation in a
watershed?
a. Reduce peak runoff rates c. Both a & b
b. Increase infiltration capacity d. None of the above

47. A 30-minute duration rainfall (mm) from a recording rain gage was
plotted versus time (min) and an equation was obtained in the form
R= 0.1 + 0.333*t. Determine the rainfall intensity in mm/hr.
a. 20 c. 100
b. 15 d. 10

48. Refers to the amount of rain received per unit time.


a. Rainfall intensity c. Rainfall
b. Rainfall amount d. None of the above

49. Refers to the amount of moisture present in the surrounding air.


a. Humidity c. Atmospheric air
b. Relative humidity d. None of the above

50. The soil erosion in a certain 10-ha farm practicing conventional tillage
(P factor = 1.0) was computed to be 50T/ha/yr. By what percentage
will be the difference in soil erosion if zoning (P factor = 0.25) was
employed?
a. 25% increase c. 75% increase
b. 25% decrease d. 75% decrease

51. PAG-ASA is an acronym for:


a. Philippine Atmospheric, c. Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Geographical and
Astronomical Services Astronomical Services
Administration Authority
b. Philippine Atmospheric, d. Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Geographical and
Astronomical Services Astronomical Services
Authority Administration

52. Portion of rainfall that contributes to evapotranspiration


a. net rainfall c. direct rainfall
b. effective rainfall d. None of the above

53. Refers to the artificial application of water to the soil necessary to


supply the moisture essential for plant growth.
a. Irrigation c. Furrow irrigation
b. Surface Irrigation d. None of the above

54. The capacity of rainfall to effect the detachment and transport of soil
particles
a. Erodibility c. Erosivity
b. Conductivity d. None of the above
55. A supercritical flow is a flow condition where .
a. Fr = 1 c. Fr < 1
b. Fr >1 d. None of the above

56. Refers to the moisture content of soil when gravitational water has
been removed.
a. Field capacity c. Readily available moisture
b. Available water d. None of the above

57. When the water level in the pipe drops below the upper edge of
the pipe and the conduit controls, the flow becomes .
a. Weir flow c. Open channel flow
b. Pipe flow d. None of the above

58. The rate of vertical water movement through the soil at saturated
condition is:
a. Infiltration rate c. Deletion rate
b. Percolation rate d. Soil permeability

59. The difference between field capacity and permanent wilting point
a. irrigation set point c. moisture allowed deficit
b. saturated soil d. available water

60. In discharge measurement, the readings in a staff gage are useless


without the:
a. Synthetic hydrograph c. Matching curve
b. Unit hydrograph d. Rating curve

61. A barrier place in stream to constrict the flow of water and cause it
fall over a crest usually used to measure discharge:
a. Flume c. Weir
b. Drop d. None of the above

62. A hydraulic jump is a classic example of this type of flow:


a. Unsteady flow c. Uniform flow
b. Critical flow d. Rapidly varied flow

63. Represents the farm manager’s decision on how much water can be
removed from the rootzone before irrigation
a. Irrigation set point c. Moisture allowed deficit
b. Management-allowed depletion d. all of the above

64. A method of flooding dividing the field into a series of strips 10 m


to 20 m wide separated by low ridges with slope from 0.5% to 4 %
a. graded border c. basin irrigation
b. level border d. all of the above
65. It is the ratio of the peak runoff rate to the
rainfall intensity.
a. Drainage coefficient c. Runoff coefficient
b. Discharge coefficient d. Recharge coefficient

66. An aquifer in which the groundwater has a free water surface open to
the atmosphere.
a. unconfined c. confined
b. semi-confined d. none of the above

67. A hydrograph shows the relationship with time of


a. flow velocity c. flow discharge
b. flow depth d. none of the above
68. The removal of soil by water from small but well-defined channels or
streamlets when there is a concentration of the overland flow.
a. sheet erosion c. gully erosion
b. rill erosion d. streambank erosion
69. A type of cropping system wherein different crops are planted in an
area one after the other each season.
a. strip cropping c. cropping pattern
b. mixed cropping d. relay cropping

70. A method of irrigation that submerges one fifth to one half of


the land surface through small channels
a.graded border c. furrow
b. level border d. none of the bove

71. Uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the sloping land
resulting from the overland flow.
a. rill erosion c. coastal erosion
b. sheet erosion d. splash erosion

72. Suitable irrigation method for sandy soils


a. furrow c. sprinkler
b. drip d. both b and c

73. Process of determining the stage height, storage volume and


outflow rate from a reservoir for a particular inflow hydrograph
a. flood routing c. reservoir operational
protocol
b. flood monitoring d. reservoir management
74. The soil property which describes the ability of the soil to transmit
water.
a. hydraulic conductivity c. percolation rate
b. matric potential d. infiltration rate

75. A natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering stream


a. tunnel c. cut off
b. Bank sloping d. Revegetation

76. Defined as an over-flow from a river or body of water


a. Erosion c. Reservoirs
b. Watershed d. Flood

77. It is the average interval of time within which the magnitude of a


given even will be required or exceeded at least once on the average.
a. period of exceedance c. hydrologic frequency
b. return period d. none of the above

78. Type of sediment load along the stream characterized as sediments


that are sometimes stationary or sometimes carried by the water along
the stream.
a. bed load c. suspended load
b. saltating load d. none of the above

79. Type of rainfall caused by the upward lifting of the air mass due
to a mountain.
a. Convective rainfall c. Orographic rainfall
b. Frontal rainfall d. Cyclonic rainfall

80. A closed conduit usually circular, square or rectangular in cross


section used for conveying water across and under an elevated
roadway, embankment or dikes?
a. gate c. culvert
b. canal d. drop

81. A barrier place in stream to constrict the flow of water and cause it
fall over a crest usually used to measure discharge.
a. flume c. gabion
b. weir d. staff gage

82. It is the process of covering the land surface with plant residues,
plastic or other materials appropriate to arrest loss of moisture
through evaporation.
a. strip cropping c. contour cultivation
b. mulching d. relay cropping
83. Structured device designed to hold a pool of water to cushion the
impact and retard the flow of falling water as from an overflow weir,
chute or drop.
a. sill c. stilling basin
b. apron d. pond

84. An 8 mm rainfall was measured by a USWB standard rain gage (8


inches in diameter). Determine the height of the water in the inner
cylinder, whose area is one tenth of the catch area.
a. 0,8 cm c. 80 mm
b. 259 mm d. 80 cm

85. The process of growing alternate strips of different crops in


the same field
a. terracing c. strip cropping
b. contouring d. relay cropping

86. These are structures which are used to convey water down relatively
steep hills which would require many drops closely spaced to control
water velocity
a. flume c. siphon tube
b. chutes d. inverted siphon

87. Using the float method in determining the velocity of water in a


channel, the float velocity in relation to the average water velocity
is
a. equal to the avg. water velocity c.> than the avg. water
velocity
b. less than the avg. water velocity d. no relation at all

88. In the Soil conservation Method (curve number method), if the curve
number is 100, this indicates that:
a. Rainfall =runoff c. Rainfall < runoff
b. Runoff = 0 d. Rainfall is highly
erosive

89. How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate


a rectangular field of 150m x 200m if the laterals are set parallel to
the larger side of the field:

a. 588 c. 616
b. 609 d. 638

90. Given a total Kinetic energy of 3000 KJ/ha and rainfall intensity
(highest for any 30 mins) of 25 mm/hr, determine the rainfall erossivity
(N/hr).
a. 5.25 c. 7.5
b. 6.50 d. 7.75
91. The theoretical flow in an orifice is 4 m/s. What is the height of water
flowing above the center of the orifice?

a. 20.4 cm c. 81.6 cm
b. 361.2 cm d. 90.3 cm

92. Temporal distribution of rainfall refers to

a. Distribution over space c. Distribution over time


b. Distribution over watershed d. Temporary
distribution
93. A reservoir, with water surface area averaging 6 km2, reads 100 m
in its monitoring gauge. The reservoir is being replenished by a
5000-ha watershed wherein 85% of the total rainfall that falls in the
watershed reaches the reservoir. What rainfall depth is needed to
raise the water level of the reservoir by 4 meters?

a. 655 mm c. 665 mm
b. 656 mm d. 565 mm

94. Four liters per second is equal to


a. 14.4 m3/hr c. Both a and b
b. 63.41 gpm d. Neither a nor b

95. Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in a prismatic channel is


constant with time.
a. laminar flow c. uniform flow
b. steady flow d. critical flow

96. The rate of decrease of temperature with the increase in elevation


is called

a. updraft c. lapse rate


b. convection rate d. deflection rate
97. Type of flow wherein the discharge or flow in a prismatic channel is
constant with time.
a. laminar flow c. uniform flow
b. steady flow d. critical flow
98. Air movement in the atmosphere.
a. From an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure
b. From an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
c. Both A & B could happen
d. None of the above
99. Areas where prevailing winds meet.
a. Convergence zone b. Tropical belt
c. Polar zone d. Converge zone

100. Starting point of water cycle


a. No starting point c. Heat from the Sun
b. Evaporation d. Rain

101. Air movement in the atmosphere.


a. From an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure
b. From an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
c. Both A & B could happen
d. None of the above

102.Water which has been absorbed from an atmosphere of water vapor as


a result of attractive forces in the surface of the particles.
a. Hygroscopic water b. Rainwater
c. Gravitational water d. Mineral water
103. Its purpose is to prevent erosion at the toe of the dam which might
result to failure to structure. As water discharges over an overflow dam
most of its potential energy are converted into kinetic energy thus
producing high velocities and causes erosion at toe of the structure.

a. Apron b. Flume
c. Weir d. Spillway

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