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Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

The document discusses colligative properties, specifically how adding a solute to a solvent affects the solvent's vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point. It states that when a solute is added, the vapor pressure of the solution decreases compared to the pure solvent because there are fewer solvent molecules at the top of the solution. This vapor pressure lowering causes boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, meaning the boiling point increases and freezing point decreases compared to the pure solvent. Equations are provided to calculate these colligative properties based on solute concentration.

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Oliric Fabiolas
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432 views22 pages

Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

The document discusses colligative properties, specifically how adding a solute to a solvent affects the solvent's vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point. It states that when a solute is added, the vapor pressure of the solution decreases compared to the pure solvent because there are fewer solvent molecules at the top of the solution. This vapor pressure lowering causes boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, meaning the boiling point increases and freezing point decreases compared to the pure solvent. Equations are provided to calculate these colligative properties based on solute concentration.

Uploaded by

Oliric Fabiolas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Colligative Properties Vapor Pressure Lowering


WHEN A SOLUTE IS AT THE TOP

IS LOWERED THE VAPOR PRESSURE

MOLECULES ARE PRESENT

BECAUSE FEWER SOLVENT

OF THE SOLUTION PRESENT IN A SOLVENT


Colligative Properties Vapor Pressure Lowering
WHEN A SOLUTE IS PRESENT IN A SOLVENT

THE VAPOR PRESSURE IS LOWERED

BECAUSE FEWER SOLVENT

MOLECULES ARE PRESENT AT THE TOP

OF THE SOLUTION
Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation
THE LOWERING OF OF THE SOLUTION

TO BE HIGHER CAUSES THE BOILING POINT

THAN PURE SOLVENT

IN A SOLUTION THE VAPOR PRESSURE


Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation
THE LOWERING OF THE VAPOR PRESSURE

IN A SOLUTION CAUSES THE BOILING POINT

OF THE SOLUTION TO BE HIGHER

THAN PURE SOLVENT


Colligative Properties Freezing Point Depression
THE FREEZING POINT IS DISSOLVED

DECREASES OF A SOLVENT

INTO IT WHEN ANY SOLUTE


Colligative Properties Freezing Point Depression
THE FREEZING POINT OF A SOLVENT

DECREASES WHEN ANY SOLUTE

IS DISSOLVED INTO IT
Topic: Colligative Properties

Most Essential Learning Competency


⬡ 1) Calculate boiling point elevation and freezing point
depression from the concentration of a solute in a
solution

8
Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation
Tb = Tb° + Tb
Tb = boiling point elevation
Tb = boiling point of solution
Tb° = boiling point of pure solvent

For nonelectrolyte solute:

Tb = Kbm
Kb = molal boiling point elevation constant
m = molality of the solution
9
𝝙
𝝙
𝝙
Colligative Properties Boiling Point Elevation
For electrolyte solute:

Tb = iKbm
Kb = molal boiling point elevation constant
m = molality of the solution
i = van’t Hoff factor

10
𝝙
Colligative Properties Freezing Point Depression
Tf = Tf° - Tf
Tf = freezing point depression
Tf = freezing point of solution
Tf° = freezing point of pure solvent

For nonelectrolyte solute:

Tf = Kfm
Kf = molal freezing point depression constant
m = molality of the solution
11
𝝙
𝝙
𝝙
Colligative Properties Freezing Point Depression

For electrolyte solute:

Tf = iKfm
Kf = molal freezing point depression constant
m = molality of the solution
i = van’t Hoff factor

12
𝝙
Colligative Properties

13
If 152 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, are
Sample Problem 1

dissolved in 875 g of H2O, what will be the


boiling point of the resulting solution? Assume
100% ionization.

14
Colligative Properties

15
Ethylene glycol (EG), CH2(OH)CH2(OH), is a
Sample Problem 2

common automobile antifreeze. It is water


soluble and fairly nonvolatile (b.p. 197°C).
Calculate the freezing point of a solution
containing 651 g of this substance in 2505 g of
water. The molar mass of ethylene glycol is
62.068 g/mol.

16
Colligative Properties

17
Determine the molality of a water solution if the
Sample Problem 3

boiling temperature is 104.42°C.

18
Colligative Properties

19
Calculate the boiling point and freezing point
Sample Problem 4

of a solution containing 478 g of ethylene


glycol in 3202 g of water.

20
Colligative Properties Practice Problem
If you use 5.76 mol of sodium fluoride (NaF)
and dissolve this into 3.62 kg of water, what
will be the change in the boiling point of your
solution.

21
Colligative Properties Practice Problem

You dissolve 30.0 g of potassium iodide (KI)


into 1.75 kg of water. What will be the change
in the freezing point of your solution?

22

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