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Solution Stoichiometry 1

Here are the key steps to solve stoichiometry problems: 1. Write the balanced chemical equation 2. Convert given amounts of reactants to moles using molar mass 3. Use the mole ratio in the balanced equation to convert moles of reactants to products 4. Convert product moles to mass using molar mass Practice these steps to calculate amounts of reactants/products from any balanced reaction. Let me know if you have any other specific stoichiometry questions!

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130 views54 pages

Solution Stoichiometry 1

Here are the key steps to solve stoichiometry problems: 1. Write the balanced chemical equation 2. Convert given amounts of reactants to moles using molar mass 3. Use the mole ratio in the balanced equation to convert moles of reactants to products 4. Convert product moles to mass using molar mass Practice these steps to calculate amounts of reactants/products from any balanced reaction. Let me know if you have any other specific stoichiometry questions!

Uploaded by

Johncy Morada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solution

Stoicheometry
Johncy Morada, LPT
Grade 11 Gen Chem
What is formula for percent by mass?
What is formula for percent by volume?
What is formula for percent by mass- volume?
Formula for getting Solution:
Diluted
•Contains
a relatively small
amount of dissolved solute
Mole (mol)
• The mole is the unit of measurement in the International
System of Units (SI) for amount of substance.

• It is defined as the amount of a chemical substance that


contains as many elementary entities (e.g., atoms,
molecules, ions, electrons, or photons).

• This number is expressed by the Avogadro constant, which


has a value of 6.022140857×10^23mol
• .
Molarity (Molar Concentration)

Molarity (M), is the concentration of a


solution measured as the number of
moles of solute per liter of solution
Molarity

•Molarity
What is the molar concentration of a solution if 20.0g of KNO3
(molar mass is 101.11 g/ mol) is dissolved in enough water to
make 800 ml solution?

Given:
Mass of KNO3 = 20g
Solution= 800 ml
MM of KNO3= 101.11 g./mol
What is the molar concentration of a solution if 20.0g of KNO3
(molar mass is 101.11 g/ mol) is dissolved in enough water to
make 800 ml solution?

Given:
Mass of KNO3 = 20g
Solution= 800 ml
MM of KNO3= 101.11 g./mol

Step 1: Convert g of KNO3 to mole of KNO3


Step 2: Convert mL to L
Conversion factor (g to mol)

•G of KNO3

• 20.0 g KNO3

=0.198 mol KNO3


Conversion factor (ml to L)

•m

• 800 ml

=0.800 L
What is the molar concentration of a solution if 20.0g of KNO3
(molar mass is 101.11 g/ mol) is dissolved in enough water to
make 800 ml solution?

Given:
Mol of KNO3= 0.198 mol
Molarity
Liters of solution= 0.800 L

Molarity
M= 0.248 M
Molality

the molal concentration of a solution


measured as the number of moles of
solute per mass of solvent in kg
•Molality
Calculate the molal concentration of a
solution that contains 18g sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) in 100mL of water
(molar mass NaOH= 40g/ml)
1.What is the molar concentration of a solution
if 32.5g of HCl (molar mass is 36.460 g/ mol)
is dissolved in enough water to make 125 ml
solution?

2.Calculate the molal concentration of a


solution that contains 23.5 g of sugar
(C6H12O6) in 56mL of water (molar mass
C6H12O6= 180.16 g/ml)
Homework: Molarity and Molality

•Answer page 37 of your book


(Practice exercise 2.3,
questions 1-4)
•The reactants and products in
chemical are usually quantified
in terms of their weight or
volume.
What is stoichiometry?
• stoichiometrydeals with the relative quantities of
reactants and products in chemical reactions.

• It
can be used to find the quantities of the
products from given reactants in a balanced
chemical reaction
Stoichiometric analysis solutions involves
the use of balanced chemical equations
• Steps in stoichiometric analysis:

1. Express the given amount of substance in


moles
Stoichiometric analysis solutions involves
the use of balanced chemical equations
• Steps in stoichiometric analysis:

2. Convert the moles of the given substance to the moles of the


desired substance using a stoic metric factor derived from the
balanced chemical equation
Stoichiometric analysis solutions involves
the use of balanced chemical equations
• Steps in stoichiometric analysis:

3. Convert the moles of the sought substance


to any other desired units or expression
Sample problem
• 1. Calculate the mass (in grams) of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]
that can be produced by reacting 136 mL of 4.00M nitric acid
(HNO3) with excess calcium hydroxide.

• Solution:
• -Write first the balanced equation for the reaction
2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + Ca(NO3)2
What is this equation?
• 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + Ca(NO3)2

• Reactant- substance that start chemical reaction


• Product- substance that is produced in the reaction
What is a balanced reaction?
• 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + Ca(NO3)2
• No. of elements of reactant = no. of elements of product

• H= 4 H= 4
• N=2 N= 2
• O= 8 O= 8
• Ca=1 Ca=1
How to convert ml to L?
• We know that 1000ml = 1L
• 345ml to L

• 345ml X = 0.345L
Sample problem
• 1. Calculate the mass (in grams) of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] that can be
produced by reacting 136 mL of 4.00M nitric acid (HNO3) with excess calcium
hydroxide.

• Step 1: Use the molarity and volume of the solution to get the number of moles of
HNO3

• Solution:
• Mole of HNO3= (molarity)x(volume of solution in L)
• = (4.00M)(0.136L)
Sample problem
• 1.
Calculate the mass (in grams) of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] that
can be produced by reacting 136 mL of 4.00M nitric acid (HNO3)
with excess calcium hydroxide.
• Step
1: Use the molarity and volume of the solution of the to get the
number of moles of HNO3
• Solution:

• Mole of HNO3= (molarity)x(volume of solution in L)


•= (4.00M)(0.136L)

• =0.544 mol HNO3


2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 2H2O + Ca(NO3)2

• Step 2: Find the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 using the stoichiometric


factor

Mole Ca(NO3)2 = (0.544 mol HNO3) []

Mole Ca(NO3)2 = (0.544 mol HNO3) []

=0.272 mol Ca(NO3)2


Sample problem:

• Step 3: Find the mass of Ca(NO3)2 using its molar mass

• Ca (40.08)+ 2N (14.01+14.01)+ 6O (16x6= 96)= 164.1g/mol

• Mass of Ca(NO3)2= (0.272mol) (164.1 g/mol)

• =44.6 g
• 1.Calculate the mass (in grams) of calcium
nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] that can be produced by
reacting 136 mL of 4.00M nitric acid (HNO3)
with excess calcium hydroxide.

• =44.6 g Ca(NO3)2
2 HCl + Zn --> ZnCl2 + H2

•When you use 25 L of 4.0 M


HCl to produce H2 gas, how
many grams of ZnCl2 does it
react with?
14 HNO3 + 3Cu2O ---> 6 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 7H2

How many liters of 1.50 M Nitric


acid (HNO3) is required to react
with 100.0 g of cuprous oxide
(Cu2O)
2HCl + NaCO3 --- 2NaCl + H2CO3
•How many grams of NaCl2 is
required to neutralize 0.53 M of
300ml sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3)?
3CaCl2 + 2H3PO4 ---> Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HC

• How many grams of calcium


phosphate can be produced from the
reaction of 2.50 L of 0.250 M
Calcium chloride with and excess of
phosphoric acid?
2 HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2 --> 2 H2O(s) + Ba(NO3)2

•How many liters of 6.5M HNO3


is required to react with 39g
Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)
solution?
•Answer page 51 -
52 of the book

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