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Assignment Lesson 5 UNIT 01 and UNIT 02

The document discusses spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions. It defines spontaneous reactions as occurring on their own without external energy input, while nonspontaneous reactions require external energy. Examples are provided of processes classified as either spontaneous or nonspontaneous. The document also discusses entropy, explaining that heavier molecules, gases, and processes with more complex products have higher entropy. Predictions are made about the sign of the entropy change for various chemical reactions based on analyzing the states and complexity of reactants and products.

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181 views5 pages

Assignment Lesson 5 UNIT 01 and UNIT 02

The document discusses spontaneous and nonspontaneous reactions. It defines spontaneous reactions as occurring on their own without external energy input, while nonspontaneous reactions require external energy. Examples are provided of processes classified as either spontaneous or nonspontaneous. The document also discusses entropy, explaining that heavier molecules, gases, and processes with more complex products have higher entropy. Predictions are made about the sign of the entropy change for various chemical reactions based on analyzing the states and complexity of reactants and products.

Uploaded by

CRUZ, Rochelle Joy V.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 01- Spontaniety

Activities and Assessments: ASSIGNMENT (SUBMIT your answers at EDMODO


ASSIGNMENT SECTION )

1. What is a spontaneous reaction?


A spontaneous reaction is a process that occurs on its own, without any energy input
from the outside. No intervention is required because these processes are
thermodynamically favorable. In other words, the initial energy is higher than the final
energy Helmenstine (2019).

2. What is a nonspontaneous reaction?


Nonspontaneous reaction is a process that does not takes place itself or on its own but
with the help of external aid under the given condition. It requires an external agent like
heat or light or energy.

3. Indicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous.


a. Liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point - Spontaneous
b. Liquid water freezing at a temperature above its freezing point -
Nonspontaneous
c. The combustion of gasoline – Spontaneous
d. A ball thrown into the air – Spontaneous
e. A raindrop falling to the ground – Nonspontaneous
f. Iron rusting in a moist atmosphere – Spontaneous

4. A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates overnight as He atoms diffuse through


the wall of the balloon. Describe the redistribution of matter and/or energy that
accompanies this process.

The spontaneous process of deflating the balloon entails a greater distribution of


matter since the helium atoms move from a small initial volume which is the balloon, to
a much larger final volume which can be a room, house, or earth's atmosphere.

5. Many plastic materials are organic polymers that contain carbon and hydrogen. The
oxidation of these plastics in air to form carbon dioxide and water is a spontaneous
process; however, plastic materials tend to persist in the environment. Explain.
While spontaneous oxidation of plastics does occur, it does so relatively slowly.
As a result, plastics are kinetically stable and do not noticeably deteriorate even over
very long times.
UNIT 02 - ENTROPY

Activities and Assessments: ASSIGNMENT (SUBMIT your answers at EDMODO


ASSIGNMENT SECTION )

1. Indicate which substance in the given pairs has the higher entropy value. Explain your
choices.

(a) C2H5OH(l) or C3H7OH(l)


C3H7OH(l) has the higher entropy value.

Explanation:
 Molar mass of C2H5OH(l) = 46.068 g/mol
 Molar mass off C3H7OH(l) = 60.094 g/mol

The substance C3H7OH(l) is heavier; thus, it can be concluded that it has a higher
entropy, given that heavier molecules have more entropy than lighter ones. This is because
when heavier molecules are broken down into pieces, their individual molecular particles
are in a more random condition than those of the material with a lesser molecular weight.

(b) C2H5OH(l) or C2H5OH(g)


C2H5OH(g) has the higher entropy value.

Explanation:

C2H5OH(l) is a liquid compound while C2H5OH(g) is a gas. Enthalpy increases when the
object in a reference frame is experiencing a more random state. As a result, as the
substance goes from a state of solid to liquid and then to gas, its entropy increases
because the molecular level becomes more random. Therefore, C 2H5OH(g) has the higher
entropy value.

(c) 2H(g) or H(g)


2H(g) has the higher entropy value.

2H(g) H(g)

The number of molecules of a substance has a major role in its entropic value. As can
be seen in the illustration, the hydrogen gas with 2 moles has more particles that occupy
space; on the other hand, the hydrogen gas with only 1 mole occupies has lesser particles
that occupy space. The one with a higher number of moles is susceptible to a higher
entropy since it contains a significantly higher level of randomness.

2. Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene, C 6H6(l), to give carbon
dioxide and water vapor. Would you expect ΔS to be positive or negative in this process?

2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)


ΔS = (+)

Explanation:
2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
(l) + 15 g → 12 g + 6 g
15 g → 18 g

Entropy is the degree of randomness in a system, thus, as the degree of randomness


increases, the change of entropy (ΔS) also increases. The reactants contain only 15 g, while
the products have 18 g. It means there is a positive change in entropy (ΔS = +) given that the
products have a higher molecular weight in grams to which a higher and increase in entropy
would be skewed than that of the reactants.

3. Predict the sign of the entropy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your
prediction.

(a) Pb2+(aq) + S2−(aq) → PbS(s)


Negative; It goes from an aqueous to a
solid state, reducing or decreasing the
entropy of the process.

ΔS = (-)
(b) 2Fe(s) +O2(g) →
Fe2O2(s)
Negative; The gaseous state turns into
solid, which means that the entropy of the
process has decreased.

ΔS = (-)

(c) 2C6H14(l) +19O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 14H2O(g)

Positive; Computing the mass of the mass


and entropy change for the reactants and
products, the reactants would result in 19 g
and the products are 26 g. The change in
entropy is positive because entropy
increases as the complexity or the no. of
atoms of a molecule also increase.
Therefore, it can be concluded that:

Products > Reactants


26 g > 19 g
ΔS = (+)

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