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MATH2611 Ass2

1) The document discusses properties of vectors and vector spaces. It provides examples of vector addition and scalar multiplication. 2) It examines whether a particular set V satisfies the properties of a vector space, such as having an additive identity element and additive inverses. It is determined that V does not satisfy all the properties. 3) The document solves a system of equations involving scalar multiplication of vectors. It uses substitution to find the value of the scalar λ. 4) It proves that every vector space has a unique additive identity element, called the zero vector.

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42 views3 pages

MATH2611 Ass2

1) The document discusses properties of vectors and vector spaces. It provides examples of vector addition and scalar multiplication. 2) It examines whether a particular set V satisfies the properties of a vector space, such as having an additive identity element and additive inverses. It is determined that V does not satisfy all the properties. 3) The document solves a system of equations involving scalar multiplication of vectors. It uses substitution to find the value of the scalar λ. 4) It proves that every vector space has a unique additive identity element, called the zero vector.

Uploaded by

Tshepo Seitei
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem 3

a. u + v = (u1 + v1, u2 + v2)


= (1+3,2+0)
= (4,2)

Ku = (ku1, ku2)
= (4(1),4(2))
= (4,8)
Ku +v = (Ku1 + (-v1), Ku2 + (-v2))
= (4+(-3),8+(-0))
=(1,8)
b. Suppose u = (1, 1). Then, we have:

u + 0 = (1 + 0 - 1, 1 + 0 - 1) = (0, 0),
and
0 + u = (0 + 1 - 1, 0 + 1 - 1) = (0, 0).
So, (0, 0) is the additive identity element in this vector space. However, u is
not equal to (0, 0), so we have shown that (0, 0) is not the same as the
additive identity element.
Therefore, this vector space does not have the standard definition of the
additive identity element, and we cannot use the usual properties of vector
spaces in this case
c. u + v = (u1 + v1 - 1, u2 + v2 - 1)
k u = (k u1, k u2)
To show that (1, 1) is equal to 0, we need to find a scalar k such that k(1, 1) =
(0, 0).
So, we have:
k (1, 1) = (k1, k1) = (k, k)
We want this to be equal to (0, 0), which means that k = 0.
Therefore, (0, 0) = k (1, 1) for k = 0. But (1, 1) is not equal to (0, 0), since they
have different components.
So, we have shown that (1, 1) is not equal to 0.

d. Suppose u = (u1, u2) is a vector in V. We want to find -u = (-u1, -u2) such that
u + (-u) = (0, 0) is the additive identity element.
Then, we have:
u + (-u) = (u1, u2) + (-u1, -u2) = (u1 - u1 + 1, u2 - u2 + 1) = (1, 1).
So, we need to find -u such that (-u1 + 1, -u2 + 1) = (1, 1). This implies that -
u1 = 0 and -u2 = 0.
Therefore, we have -u = (0, 0) for any given vector u in V.
Hence, we have shown that for each u in V, there exists -u in V such that u + (-u) =
0.
e. To check that V is a vector space, one must check each of the 10 axioms of a
vector space to see if they hold.
(a, b) +(c, d) = (2(a + b + c + d), −1(a + b + c + d)) ∈ V.
Therefore, V is closed under addition (A1 holds). Therefore, this addition is
associative, and so A2 holds
Problem 4
λ(1-2i) = 2-3i, λ(2-i) = 4+i, λ(3+i) = 1-i.
We can solve this system of equations in several ways, but here we will use substitution.
Solving the second equation for λ and substituting into the first equation, we have:
λ = (4+i)/(2-i) λ(1-2i) = (4+i)/(2-i) * (1-2i) λ(1-2i) = (6-5i)/5.
Solving the third equation for λ and substituting into the second equation, we have:
λ = (1-i)/(3+i) λ(2-i) = (1-i)/(3+i) * (2-i) λ(2-i) = (5-3i)/5.
Equating these values of λ, we get:
(6-5i)/5 = (5-3i)/5.
Multiplying both sides by 5, we get:
6 - 5i = 5 - 3i.
Solving for i, we get:
i = 1.
Substituting i = 1 into either of the equations, we get:
λ(1-2i) = λ (-1) = 2 - 3i.
Hence, λ = (2 - 3i)/ (-1) = -2 + 3i.
Therefore, the value of λ that satisfies the equation is λ = -2 + 3i.

Problem 5

There exists a vector, denoted by 0, such that for every vector v in the vector
space V, 0 + v = v + 0 = v.
The 0 vector is unique, meaning that there is no other vector w in V such that w +
v = v + w = v for every vector v in V.
Proof:
Let V be a vector space. By the definition of a vector space, there exists a vector,
denoted by 0, such that for every vector v in V, 0 + v = v and v + 0 = v. This is the
additive identity element. Therefore, there exists a vector 0 such that for every v
in V, 0 + v = v + 0 = v.
Now, suppose there exists another vector, denoted by w, such that,
w + v = v + w = v for every vector v in V. Then, we have, w + 0 = 0 + w = w,
because 0 is the additive identity element.

Also, we have:
w = w + 0 = w + (v + (-v)) = (w + v) + (-v) = (v + w) + (-v) = v + (w + (-v)) = v + 0 =
v since v + (-v) = 0 is the additive inverse element.

So, w = v for every vector v in V. Hence, there is only one vector, which is 0, for
which v + 0 = 0 + v = v for every vector v in V. Therefore, the 0 vector is unique.
Thus, we have shown that there exists a unique zero vector in every vector space
V.
Problem 6
It is known that the real vector space over the field of real numbers, that is ℝℝ has a
unique additive identity element 0.
X + y = x ⇔ y = 0, where x , y , 0 ∈ ℝ
However, note that in ℝ∪∞∪-∞ over ℝ, it is given that t + ∞= ∞ and t + - ∞ = -∞.
Therefore, the addition of any real number to the elements ∞ and -∞ yields the result
∞ and -∞ respectively. As a result, the uniqueness property of the additive identity
element is violated in ℝ∪∞∪-∞ over ℝ.
This implies that ℝ∪∞∪-∞ over ℝ is not a vector space

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