A’ level past exam papers

Contents
COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2013 ............................................................................ 2
COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2014 ............................................................................ 9
COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2015 .......................................................................... 17
COMPUTING PAPER 2 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2015 .......................................................................... 25
COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2016 .......................................................................... 32
COMPUTING PAPER 2 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2016 ................................................................. 39
COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2017 .......................................................................... 47
COMPUTER SCIENCE 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2017 .............................................................................. 53
COMPUTER SCIENCE 6023/1 NOVEMBER 2018 .............................................................................. 61
COMPUTER SCIENCE 6023/2 2018 .................................................................................................. 70
COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER 1 6023/1 NOVEMBER 2019............................................................... 84
COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER 2 6023/2 NOVEMBER 2019............................................................... 91
SPECIMEN PAPER 2 6023/2 ................................................................................................................. 102
SPECIMEN PAPER 2 9195 .................................................................................................................... 119

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COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2013

1. (a) State one difference between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only
Memory (ROM). [1]

RAM ROM
 .RAM is volatile  ROM is non-volatile
 Data can be edited/changes  Data cannot be edited
 Data can be deleted  Data cannot be deleted
 Working area  Non-working area

(b) An embedded processor contains all the software needed to control an

automatic washing machine.

i) State why the software is stored in ROM. [1]

 Readily available when switch on computer
 No need to alter software

ii) Explain why the software is stored in ROM has some of the characteristics
of RAM. [2]
 Needs to be random access or access to data would be slow
 To allow upgrading of software

(c) State three types of data stored in RAM. [3]

 Operating system
 Parts of application software in use
 User files currently being executed
 Instruction awaiting processing
 Data awaiting to be written to storage media
 Immediate results of processing awaiting output.

2. (a) Give any five points that need to be considered when a system analyst
produces a feasibility study, [5]
 Is solution technically possible
 Is solution economic to produce
 Is the solution economic to run
 What will be the social implications of change
 Is the skill level in the available workforce high enough/ training
requirements
 Is the solution legal
 What will be the effects on the customer
 Time constrains

(b) Describe what is involved in the analysis stage of the systems development
life cycle. [6]
 Information collection

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 Analysis of information collected

 Requirements specification. i.e. user, software and hardware
requirements
 Feasibility study.

3. (a) Computer system controls an automated teller machine (ATM). For each of
the following, state one device that could be used in the ATM and explain its
function:

i) Input
 Keyboard/magnetic stripe reader/chip reader/touch screen
 Input pin or amount or other request/cardholder details.
ii) Output
 Screen/printer
 Output results of request/or hard copy for customer to take away.
iii) storage
 hard drive/tape
 to store customer request for statements/ store transaction.[6]

(b) The operating system used by computer controlling the ATM must work in
both batch and real- time mode‟

i) State what is meant by batch operating system and explain why it would
be necessary. [3]
 Data is collected over a period of time and processed periodically
 Requests for statements/data about transaction
 Saved for later input to mainframe/ during off period
 Data is collected in batches/groups for later use/processing
ii) State what is meant by real-time operating system and explain why it
would be necessary. [3]
 Data must be processed immediately
 Request for money must be accompanied by processing to establish
identity/ sufficient funds
 Must be one in real time or lose customers
 Data is quickly updated.

4. A small manufacturing business invests in a computer system and an integrated

software package.

a) Explain what is meant by integrated software package. [1]

 A number of individual pieces of software with different parts of the
package that can communicate with each other and share data.

b) State any four different programs that you would expect to be in the integrated
software package and explain the use of each program. [8]
 Word processor – to produce letters for sending to customers and
suppliers
 Desktop publisher – to produce posters and brochures to advertise the
company‟s products

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 Spreadsheet - to keep the company accounts/produce invoices for the

customers/suppliers/stock
 Database – to keep details of customers/suppliers or stock
 Web Authoring software – to produce websites to advertise the company
 Presentations software – to produce presentations for seminars/lectures
 Graphical software – graphical design e.g. Art.
c) Explain why the off-the-shelf software is turned into customised software. [4]
 Generic/designed to do many things/solve many problems
 Most solutions do not relate to the business in which it is to be used
 The large number of options in off the shelf software will be confusing/
will increase the need for training of personnel.
 Customisation allows input screens to be created according to input
documents having to be created to match the software.
 Allows output screens to reflect the company (by use of colours and logo)
 Customisation meets specific user request/removes unnecessary things

d) Describe how the customisation of software in (c) is done. [4]

 System analyst studies the requirements of the organisation
 Works out the types of input and output required
 Assess abilities of the staff and gauges the level of training that will be
required.
 Programmer uses the macros /wizards within the software
 Produce designs from the analysis as the default for the system
 Select or deselect features during software installation.
5. (a) Explain what is meant by:

i) a source code [1]

 code produced by the programmer
 program code in HL/Assembly
 code typed in by the programmer

ii) an object code [1]

 executable code/machine code/binary
 a code produced after translation

(b) Explain the need for translator programs in a computer system. [2]
 Code produced by programmer not understandable by computer/
computers require code in binary form hence need for translator program.
 Translator changes HLL/LLL to binary form /source code into object code
 Provide error diagnostic

(c) When a programmer runs a program, the program may fail to run successfully
because there are errors in the code.

Describe three types of errors that may be present giving an example of each.
[9]

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 Syntax error/ error in the language or rules of the program e.g. Prant
instead of Print
 Logic error/error that allows the program to run but gives wrong result
e.g. a jump to the wrong instruction/adding instead of subtracting
 Runtime/execution e.g. arithmetic error/ request to carry out
inappropriate or impossible arithmetic e.g. division by zero.

6. (a) Draw a diagram of linked list to show the codes following examination papers
when they are stored in numerical order.

9691.01 1276.02 9754.01 9691.03

START

9691.01 1276.01 9754.01 9691.03

(b) (i) Explain what is meant by LIFO and FIFO data structures. [2]
 LIFO – last data item to be inserted into the structure wil be the first tobe
used
 FIFO – first data item to be inserted into the structure wil be the first to
used.

(i) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a linked list
structure to store a queue rather than using an array structure. [2]
Advantage
 No maximum size of list
 Does not tie up large amounts of memory unnecessarily
 Allows use of multiple index pointers
Disadvantage
 Reading from/writing to the structure can be a lengthy process
 There is unnecessary overheads due to pa

(ii) Explain why a linked list is a more sensible structure than an array for
storing a stack. [3]
 No maximum size of stack
 Linked list and stack are both dynamic data structures which change
size during execution.
 Reading and writing can be done on both ends.

7. (a) The water level in reservoir is controlled by a computer system. During

normal operation the water level (W) is between high water (H) and low water
(L) marks, at these times the input valve (I) and output valve (O) are both
open.

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If the level reaches H then the input valve is shut off until the level falls below
H again. IF the level falls below L then the output valve is shut off until the
level rises above L again. If the level falls below L for more than 1 hour the
system sends an alarm signal to the operation. Using the variables W, H, L, I,
O produce an algorithm to control the water level in the reservoir. [9]

 Initialise I and O to open

 Initialise alarm to off
 Loop to keep system working with sensitive condition
 Read value of water level within the loop
 Condition W >= H then I is off
 Correct use of I
 With loop an condition
 Condition W < L with correct use of O
 Set alarm
 Timer in loop O
 Condition to set off alarm

(b) The alarm signal together with all the other valves from the system is sent to a
central control room. Al the water supplies in the city are controlled from this
central room by a single operator.

Explain the importance to the operator of good interface design, stating any
features which should be considered, [5]
 Shows the importance of some of the information being received
 Makes operation of the machine easier
 Minimized operational errors
 Enhanced sped in the operation of the machine
Features
 Use of colour/layout
 Use of flashing/bold/video
 Use of graphics/sound

8. (a) List the input, processing, output and storage for each of these applications

i) email [4]
Processing
 processing done in the user‟s computer and the computer of the
company that provides access to the internet/[IPS]
 encoding of data
 preparing of text for transmission
Input
 details about the account holder e.g. email address, password through
the keyboard, voice recognition devices, touch screens and mouse
Output
 through the monitor/screen if its soft copy and printer if need of hard
copy, voice output
 message/letter/attachment

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Storage
 hard drive and hard disk at the firm which keeps your emails for you
until you delete them
 mail box
ii) weather forecasting [4]
Processing
 involve the computer applying rules to information about the weather
to work out what the weather should be like later
 predicting the weather
 weather simulation
 using mathematical models
Input
 information about weather conditions at the moment which is
probably sent automatically from weather station to the system by
such things as electronic thermometers/sensors/wind speed/barometer
Output
 consists of maps to show what the weather will be like, probably
drawn by some form of plotting/graphs/simulated movement of
winds/cloud/on screen/printed output
Storage
 a very large hard disk because weather forecasting uses a lot of data

iii) computer games [4]

Processing
 involve the computer keeping the game moving by responding to the
player‟s input
Input
 instructions from player
 instructions are from such devices as wheels, pedals and joystick,
tracker ball
Output
 consists of fast moving colour images on a screen with high resolution
 sound through speakers
Storage
 stores information about the game e.g. levels/position

(b) For each one in (a), say what sort of communication device is necessary, if
any. [5]

Email
 modem
 wireless adaptors
 network cables
 router
 satellite

Weather forecasting

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 network cables
 satellite system
 router
 wireless adaptor

Computer games
 network cables
 satellite system
 router
 wireless adaptor
 speakers
 joystick
 keyboard
 mouse

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COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2014

1. Transmission of data over a wide area network may be out by circuit or packet
switching.
a) Explain the difference between circuit switching and packet switching. [2]

Circuit switching
 Dedication communication channel is established
 The path is dedicated for the duration of the call
 Make use of telephone lines
Packet switching
 Divides the message into packets which may take different routes in transmission
 Packets are reassembled at the receiving end
b) Give any three advantages of packet switching compared over circuit switching.
[3]
 Packet switching charges during the use of network only
 A damaged packet can be re-sent
 Cost depend only on number of packets sent and not on distance
 Data can be transmitted at local rates
 Less likely to be affected by network failure
 Multiple routes available to transmit data packets
 Better security/data is likely to be intercepted
 Network not tied up/congested
 All routes available
c) State any three items that will be transmitted with a data packet in addition to
the data itself. [3]
 Destination address
 A packet sequence number so that the whole message can be correctly
reassembled
 A checksum for error checking
 Source address
2. (a) State any one function of a modem. [1]
 Modulates and demodulates signals
 Converts digital signals to analogue form or vice versa
 Digital to analogue for transmission along telephone lines
 Connects a computer to the telephone network/internet
(b) State one reason why the use of ISDN telephone system eliminates the use of a
modem when computing is connected to a wide Area Network. [1]
 ISDN (integrated services digital network) transmits digital data hence no need to
convert signals.

3. (a) Explain the difference between serial and parallel transmission [2]

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Serial transmission
 Data sent one bit at a time over a single communication channel
 Used for long distance

Parallel transmission
 Bits are sent simultaneous along separate data lines/ at the same time
 Used for short distances e.g. from computer to printer
(b) Outline the circumstances under which it would be appropriate to use parallel
transmission. [2]
 When transmitting data over short distances
 Transmission of data between components within the computer system.
 Where transmission rates will be high

4. Describe what happens when a processor which is currently working on a job

receives an interrupt from an external source. [3]
 Current fetch-execute cycle is completed
 PC contents are saved for later reference
 Contents of al active user program registers are saved for later reference
 Source of interrupt is identified
 Interrupts of lower priority are disabled
 PC is loaded with start address of the relevant interrupt service routine
 Interrupt service routine is executed
 Saved values of user program‟s active register (except PC) are restored to the
processor register
 PC restored joint to next instruct to be fetched in user program.

5. The CPU is connected to main memory by three separate buses.

Explain the term:

a) Control bus
 A uni-directional (one-way) line which transmits control signals from control unit
to system components
b) Data bus
 A bi-directional path for moving data and instructions between system
components
c) Address bus.
 A uni-directional bus which transmits source and destination address of data
/instruction to be used in the computer system [3]

6. The Database Management System (DBMS) provides an interface between the

operating system and the user in order to make access to the data as simply as
possible.
a) Identify any other three functions of a DMBS> [3]

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 Multi-user Access Control

 Data, retrieval and update (data storage management)
 Creation and maintenance of data dictionary
 Managing facilities for sharing database
 Backup and recovery management
 Security management
 Data integrity management
 Creation management
 Transaction management
b) A database may be considered from several different levels of views known as
schemas. Explain the terms:
i) External schema [1]
 An individual‟s view of the Database according to their needs and access
rights
ii) Conceptual/logical scheme [1]
 Overall view of the entire database including entities and attributes as
designed by database designer.
iii) Internal/storage schema. [1]
Describes how the data will be stored and is concerned with file organisation and
access methods.
c) Data integrity is very important when processing data using computer systems.
i) Define the term data integrity. [1]
 Refers to validity and accuracy of data and its correctness
ii) Outline any two ways in which data integrity may be compromised. [2]
 At point of entry, wrong information may be typed
 Data corrupted during transmission
 Data lost during transmission
iii) Name any two methods of ensuring the integrity of data. [2]
 Applying different validation techniques
 Data verification
 Data protection methods e.g., check digit, virus checking

d) If multiple users attempt to update a database table simultaneously one or more

of the updates may be lost unless measures are taken to prevent this.
i) Outline any three measures which can be used to prevent loss of data due to
simultaneous updating of records. [3]
 Open the entire database in exclusive mode
 Lock all records in the table being modified
 Lock the record being edited
 Open a record in read only mode
 Lock the field/column being edited
 Lock the whole database.

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ii) Deadlock or deadly embrace occurs when two users are attempting to update
two related records in the same table. Neither of the two users‟ proceeds as
each will wait for a resource which is locked by another user.

Give any two ways of avoiding deadlock in a database management system.

[2]
 Abort one of the users task
 Ensure the records are updated in sequences
7. The choice of file organisation is considered vital by a designer. A number of
questions need to be asked.
a) Explain any two important questions to be considered by the designer. [4]
 Must the user have immediate access to the data, with a response time of no
more than a few seconds
 Must the information be completely up to date or will last nights or last week‟s
information be sufficient
 Can request for information be batched, sequenced and processed all
together?
 What is the most suitable storage medium for the volume of data involved?
 What will happen if the information on the files is lost or destroyed?
 What is the hit rate and volatility of the file
b) (i) Give an example of an application where it is sensible to use the following
file systems:
1) Serial – Transaction file
2) Sequential – payroll/ applications with high hit rate
3) Random - online booking system/applications with high volatility [3]

(ii) Explain why each file system in (i) is appropriate. [3]

 Serial – Transaction files are recorded in the order in which events takes
place
 Sequential – Are efficient where hit rate is very high, payrolls have high
hit rate
 Random – are used where extremely fast access of individual records is
required like in online booking system.
c) When calculating the address of a record in a random file system using a
hashing algorithm, synonymous addresses are bound to occur where two
records generate the same address.
i) Give any two properties of a good algorithm. [2]
 It can generate any of the available address on the file
 It is fast to calculate
 It minimise collisions
ii) Explain any two ways in which synonymous addresses can be resolved.
[2]
 Place the record that caused collision into the next available free space

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 Place the record in the overflow area

d) Explain how these operations can be performed in a random file.
i) Access a record [2]
 Apply hashing algorithm on key field to produce a disk address
 Use the address to directly access the record
ii) Delete a record [2]
 Access the record using a disk address calculated from record key
 Set a flag to the record labelling it deleted. The record will be logically
detected but physically there.
8. (a) When an organisation decides to computerise an area of its business, a decision
has to be made whether to buy an off-the –shelf software package or have the
software tailor made.

Give any four advantages of buying off-the-shelf software. [4]

 Less expensive solution as the cost of the developing the software is shared
across a wider customer base.
 Software can be bought and installed straight away.
 The software is tried and tested and likely to contain fewer bugs than newly
written software.
 Software is usually well documented.
 Training may be available.
 It may be possible to speak to other users of the package for their evaluation
before spending money.

(b) A college uses a range of software packages from different suppliers. The college
is considering changing its software from one supplier to a common user
interface.

Give four advantages of having a common user interface. [4]

 Increased sped of learning
 Ease of use
 Easy sharing of documents
 A greater range of software accessible to the average user.

9. (a) A job control language is used to control how jobs are to be run in batch
processing.
List any three pieces of information which might be specified in the job control
script for a particular job. [3]
 Who owns the job?
 Job priority
 The maximum processor time to allow the job
 The maximum lines to be printed
 The name of data files used
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 What action to be taken if there is an error

(b) Explain the terms:

i) Multiprogramming [1]
 Two or more programs are executed simultaneously.
ii) Batch [1]
 Data to be input are collected together before being processed as a single
operation.
iii) interactive processing [1]
 Provide the user with direct immediate response from the system. This is some
kind of dialogue with the system.

(c) State the function of each of the following devices:

i) the processor [1]

 fetches the next instruction
 decodes the instructions
 execute the decoded instructions
ii) main memory [1]
 Hold the program currently being executed and the data used by this program.
iii) Secondary storage. [1]
 Stores software including OS, other system software, application programs
and data for long term storage.

10. Third generation programming languages may be compiled or interpreted before

they can run on a computer.
(a) Explain the functions performed by:
i) a compiler [2]
 A compiler translates the whole HLL source code into object code, which can
then be executed without the presence of compiler.
ii) an interpreter [2]
 An interpreter analyse the source code statement by statement as execution
proceeds, decoding each statement and calling routines to carry out each
instruction.
(b) Give any three advantages of using a compiler. [3]
 An object code can be saved on disk and run whenever required without the
need to recompile.
 The object code execute faster than interested code.
 The object code can be distributed or executed without having to have the
compiler present.
 The object code is more secure as it cannot be read without a great deal6 of
reverse engineering.

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(c) Outline the stages involved in compilation. [3]

 Lexical - where comments, white space are removed and simple errors are
flagged out. Symbol table is partial created.

 Syntax and semantics – Parsing the lexical string to check that it is grammatical
correct using BNF notation and syntax diagram. Symbol table is completed
 Code generation and optimisation - Producing machine code and storing it as an
object file, Allocates memory locations to variables and constants. Optimizes the
machine code to reduce the use of memory or speed it

11. (a) Explain the following database structures giving examples.

i) Dynamic [2]
 The memory space taken by the data structure varies at run time. E.g. binary
tree
ii) State [2]
 A data structure of a size declared before the program is executed. e.g. array

(b) Explain the steps which are followed when creating a binary tree. [4]

 Place the 1st item in the root node.

 Insert the items in order in which they are given.
 Follow the left pointer if the item comes before the current node in alphabetic
(or numeric) sequence.
 Follow the right pointer if the item comes after the current node.

(c) Convert then following numbers to decimal showing your working.

i) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 [2]

0.1101 x 23 = 0110.1
= 6.5

ii) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 [2]

0.1 x 2-2 = 0.001

= 0.125

(d) Give any two advantages of normalising in floating point binary. [2]
 Maximum precision for a given number of bits
 Only one representation for each number.

12. (a) Describe how e-commerce works. [2]

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 Variety of goods and services is available on internet.

 Can buy or sell stocks and shares on-line
 Do your banking and apply for a job.
 Swop DVD, book, a d buy anything from groceries to car.

(b) Explain how the use of e-commerce could be beneficial to an organisation. [3]
 Huge saving on overheads; no costly warehouse space, rent, heating or employs
facilities.
 It is a variable market research tool.
 The virtual shop can stock anything.

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COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2015

1. (a) Outline four reasons that have led to the widespread use of electronic mail
in business, industry and education. [4]
 Emails are fast in communication. An email can be sent to an email
subscriber in any part of the world in a matter of seconds.
 Messages can be sent across the world for the price of a local phone call
 Files of different formats can be attached to an email.
 You can use an address book to send the same message to several different
people

(b) Discuss two security problems that have arisen with electronic mail
system and indicate what steps can be taken to overcome them. [4]
 Phishing
 Phishing is a fraudulent operation involving the use of emails
 The creator sends out a legitimate looking email hoping to gather
personal and financial information from the recipient of the email
Countermeasure
 Don't open e-mails from senders you are not familiar with.
 Don't ever click on a link inside of an e-mail unless you know exactly
where it is going.
 To layer that protection, if you get an e-mail from a source you are
unsure of, navigate to the provided link manually by entering the
legitimate website address into your browser.
 Spam
 Spam is electronic junk mail and is a type of advertising from a
company sent out to a target mailing list
 It is harmless but can clog up networks and slow them down
Countermeasure
 It is often necessary to put a legitimate email address into a contact list
to ensure wanted emails are not filtered out by mistake
 Virus
 Viruses are malicious computer programs that are often sent as an
email attachment or a download with the intent of infecting your
computer, as well as the computers of everyone in your contact list.
Countermeasure
 Install antivirus and keep it up to date
 Scan all attachment
 Delete email from sender you do not know

2. Discuss the effects of computerisation of a bank from the user‟s point of view. [4]
 No need to stand in queues
 Do all their transactions in the comfort of their homes
 No need to carry around hard cash
 It doesn‟t offer face to face service which might make it difficult to sort out
problems

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 Cause unemployment to computer literate workers

 Inconvenient in the event of network failure
3. Chindumu Municipality Council uses computer controlled equipment to monitor
and control the equality of drinking water. Sensors are placed in various
positions in the equipment to take digital measurements every minute. The
computer has been programmed to respond to feedback from the sensors and
input from the operator.
a) Identify the data elements that are likely to be captured by the sensors. [2]
 ph (acidity)
 ph (alkaline)
b) Describe the situation in which the computer will respond to:
i) Feedback
 If ph is <7 indicates the water is acidic
 If ph > 7 indicates the water is alkaline
ii) Input from the operator
 Treat the water if the ph is not normal [4]

4. The introduction of e-learning has brought about change in the educational field.
a) Define the term e-learning. [1]
 The use of computers or electronic devices in learning and teaching
b) State two advantages of using e-learning to students. [2]
 Learners can learn at times that are more suitable to them
 Learners have more control over the pace of their learning
 Easier to repeat parts learners have not understood
 No need to have more textbooks (hardcopies)

5. (a) List three duties carried out by the database administrator in a database
management system. [3]
 Setting up the database together with the programmers.
 Control, manage and maintain the database.
 Define, implement and control database storage.
 Ensure that policies and procedures are established.
 Define the strategy of backup storage and recovering from system
breakdown
 Supervise amendments to the database.
 Ensures that the data is secure from unauthorised access
 To standardize the use of database and associated software
(b) Describe the following record types and give an advantage of using the
record type:
i) Fixed length record
 Records with fixed number of fields and number of characters in
any field are fixed
Advantages
 Records can be updated in situ
 Easy to estimate size of file
 Easy processing of files
ii) Variable length record
 Records in which number of characters in any field varies between
records and records have a varying number of fields
Advantages

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 Less space wasted on the storage medium

 No truncation of data occurs
 It may reduce time taken to read a file because the records are
more tightly packed. [4]

6. (a) Describe an appropriate method of data security for the following

applications and in each case, explain how data will be recovered in the
event of data loss:
i) A batch payroll system
 Access levels can be used to avoid those without authority to
reach certain data cannot get access .
 We can recover data when we backup our system
ii) A real-time airline seat reservation. [6]
a. Duplicates of components e.g. 3 computers performing identical
task running concurrently
b. In the case system failure the duplicate computers can be used

(b) Distinguish between the following file organisation methods, outlining the
most suitable application for each:
i) serial and direct access [4]

Serial Direct
 This is whereby records are  This is whereby records are not
stored one after another as in any order but stored and
they occur, without any accessed according to their disk
definite order as on magnetic
address or relative position,
tapes. Data is not stored in
any particular sequence. calculated from the primary key
 Suitable for temporary/ of the record
transaction file  Airline booking system
 File with high volatility

ii) sequential and indexed sequential [4]

Sequential Indexed sequential

 This is whereby records are  This is whereby records are

stored one after another and ordered in sequence based on
are sorted into a key the value of the index or disk
sequence, that is, in
address as supported by hard
ascending or descending
order of a given key filed as disks.
on magnetic tapes.  It is also suitable for real time
 Appropriate for files with a processing applications like
high hit rate like payroll stock control
processing.

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(c) With reference to the primary key, secondary key and composite key,
explain how access to records can be established through the use of these
keys. [3]
 Primary Key
It is a candidate key that is used to identify a unique (one)
record from a relation.
 Secondary Key
A field used to identify more than one record at a time, e.g.
records of same department
 Composite Key
is a key that contains more than one attribute, Used to uniquely
identify a single record.

7. A clothing shop offers credit facilities to its customers. Its computer system
supports online enquiry during the day and batch processing at night.

List any three tasks which the shop‟s computer might perform in batch
processing. [3]
 Processing monthly statements for customer
 Processing the payroll
 Updating the master file using the transaction file

8. (a) Express the following decimal numbers in twos compliment binary using
8 bits:
i) 127 0111 1111
ii) -27 1110 0101 [2]

(b) Explain using the above example, how hexadecimal can be used as a
shorthand for expressing bytes that consist of 8 bits. [3]
 Divide the bits into nibbles
 Change each nibble into decimal equivalent
 E.g. 0111 1111
7 F
 0111 11112 = 7Fhex

(c) Convert 1 0 1111 00102 to:

i) Octal
 001 011 110 0102
1 3 6 2

 10111100102 = 13628

ii) Hexadecimal
 0010 1111 0010
2 F 2
 1011110 0102 = 2F2hex [2]

(d) A sort program inputs an unordered list of names and stores them in

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memory in the form of a binary tree. Fig 8.1 represents this data
structure with the first six names entered.

John

Joanne
Thomas

Brendon

Barton
Fig 8.1

i) Define a binary tree

 A binary tree is a data structure consisting of a root node and 2 sub
trees
ii) State
 The parent of Brendon,
 Joanne
 The name of the root tree
 John

iii) Copy the diagram and add notes for Susan, Winnet, Anna and
Josephine on the list. [7]

John

Joanne
Thomas

Brendon Josephine
Susan winner

Barton

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Anna
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(e) Music is often recorded digitally. Write any four advantages of this
method of representing sound. [4]

 No need for analogue to digital converter

 It can easily be edited
 Fast because no need for sound sampling
 Less storage space
9. Officials of Ruthata area health authority have made appointments for all one
year old children within the area to be vaccinated. Details of the children and
their appointments are maintained in a computer file.
(a) Explain how a word processor could be used to generate personalised
letters to send to families to give details of the appointments. [3]
 Use mail merge
 A standard letter is written using the word processor
 The standard letter is merged with the details of children in computer file
 Personalised letters are printed.

(b) Continuous use of computer by data capture clerks can cause some health
problems for operators.
i) Give any two healthy problems that can arise due to continuous use of
computers.
 Back and neck problems/strain
 Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
 Eyestrain
 Headache
 Ozone irritation caused by laser printers in an office [2]
ii) List any tow precautions that may be used to prevent the above risks.
 Back and neck problems/strain
 Use adjustable chairs- correct posture
 Use foot rests to reduce posture problems
 Tilted screens- ensure neck is at correct angle

 Repetitive strain injury (RSI)- damage to fingers and wrists

 Ensure correct posture (e.g. correct angle of arms to keyboard)
 Take regular breaks
 Use ergonomic keyboards
 Eyestrain
 Ensure there is no screen Flickr
 Take regular breaks
 Change to LCD screens- Flickr is less of a problem than with CRT screens
 Headaches
 Use an anti-glare screen to cut out light reflections
 Take regular breaks
 Have eyes tested regularly
 Ozone irritation caused by laser printers in an office

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 Proper ventilation- removes ozone gas quickly

 Put the house laser printers in a designated printer room
 Change to other types of printers (inkjet printer) [2]

10. (a) Describe how each of the following methods is used to transfer data into a
computer and in each case give an appropriate application.
i) MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition), [2]
 The bank's code number and cheque number are printed on the
cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic
material that are machine readable. This reading process is called
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MICR
 Used to process cheques in banking operation
ii) OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
 Optical Character recognition is a software that takes scanned text
and converts it into a computer readable form
Application
 Processing of passports and Identity cards
 OCR is used when scanning documents to modify them using suitable
software

(b) Use of magnetic tape is still widespread although large disk drives are
now available for computer systems. Describe two distinct uses of
magnetic tape. [4]

 Used where extremely large amounts of data need to be backed up

 Used where speed of reading/writing of data is NOT a priority
 Used for backups of computer networks in schools and business
11. (a) Explain the meaning of the term intranet [2]
 It is an internal website that is setup internally for companies and can
be accessed by employees for the purpose of standard documents or
information and many items of information and data.
(b) Many colleges are changing to intranet.
State three befits to a college of setting up an intranet. [3]
 Safer and less chance of hacking
 Possible to prevent employees from accessing unwanted sites
 Companies ensure that info. available is specific to their needs
 Easier to send sensitive messages that remain within a company
(c) Explain the meaning of the following access methods:
i) CSMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision Detection
 Means that each node checks that the media is not being used before
placing its message on the line [1]
ii) Token passing
 Used in a ring network where a node which want to send data attaches
it on a token. [1]

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(d) (i) Describe the Von Neumann architecture.

 Single processor
 Single bus for data and instructions
 Single memory for both data and instructions
 Sequential/serial processing of instructions.

(ii) Explain what the accumulator holds and how the contents change
during the fetch-execution cycle.

 Accumulator holds the results of the calculations before being passed

to memory unit
 Contents changes when next instruction is executed add data is added
to the accumulator changing the value which was already there.
 E.g. when executing a program to add two numbers
(iii) Explain what the program counter (PC) holds and how the
contents change during fetch-execute cycle.

 The address of the next instruction

 Contents incremented after being read
 Contents change by a jump instruction. [9]
12. A large magazine concern has a multi-access system which supports 200
terminals. As the number of users increase there is a gradual degradation of
performance which rapidly worsens as the number of the users increase to 150.

Interpret the phrase “gradual degradation of performance” and suggest how it

could be remedied.
“Gradual degradation of performance”, means that the performance of the concern
decreases as the number of users increase. This can be remedied

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COMPUTING PAPER 2 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2015

SECTION A

1. (a) (i) Explain the term Visual Basic Event. [2]

A visual basic event is a message sent by an object within a program to the
main program loop, informing it that something has happened

(ii) Give two examples of a Visual Basic Event. [2]

 Clicking a button
 Closing a window
 Moving mouse pointer
 Resizing form
(b) List any five data types in Visual Basic
 Integer
 Double
 Single
 Character
 String
(c) Explain any two differences between a constant and a variable

Constant Variable
It maintains a single value throughout Its value may change in program
the program‟s execution. execution.
Declared using CONST statement Declared using DIM statement

2. (a) List any four rules used in naming a variable.

 If two words are used, they are to be joined by an underscore.
 They must start with an alphabetical letter as their first character.
 No reserved words must be used.
 It must be unique.
 Must not contain a period
 Can have up to 25characters
 No use of special characters
(b) Name three primary steps involved in building a Visual Basic Project

 Design the interface

 Set properties
 Write the code
3. The Visual Basic code is supposed to compute the factorial of any given number. The number is
accepted using a textbox named txtNum and the factorial is displayed in a text box named txtFact.
Identify the errors or missing VB statements in the following code.

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Private Fact-click()
txtFact = 1
For i = 1 to txtNum
txtFact = txtxFact + i
End Sub [4]
Errors
 Line 1 missing word sub and that hyphen must be an underscore
 Line 2 must be txtFact.Text = 1
 Line 3 must be For I = 1 to txtNum.Text
 Line 4 : Must be txtFact.Text = txtFact*i
Missing lines
 Declarations after the first line. Number must be declared
 Next before last line.

4. DP Repairs offer repair series at a rate of $20 per hour for labour. Costs of supplies are subject to
15% sales tax.
(a) Design a Visual Basic form which presents the bill for the situation. The customer‟s name,
labour hours and the cost of supplies are to be captured using textboxes. Clicking of a
command should trigger the display of the client name and the costs (labour cost, supplies‟
cost and total cost). Names for controls are required. The display should be a list box. [8]

Object Name
Text Box 1 txtcustname
Text Box 2 txtlabourhours
Text Box 3 txtcostofsupplies
List Box lstinfo
Button 1 btnRun

(b) Using the situation given in (a) above, write a code that will calculate the total cost, labour
cost, supplies cost and display the client name, labour cost, supplies cost and the total cost.
[10]

Public Class Form1

Private Sub btnRun_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnRun.Click

Dim labour_hours, Total_cost, labour_cost, Supplier_cost As Double
Dim name As String
name = txtcustname.Text
labour_hours = txtlabourhours.Text
Supplier_cost = txtcostofsupplies.Text

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labour_cost = labour_hours * 20
Supplier_cost = (15 / 100 * Supplier_cost) + Supplier_cost
Total_cost = labour_cost + Supplier_cost

lstinfo.Items.Add("Customer name" & vbTab & "Labour cost" & vbTab & "supplies
cost" & vbTab & "Total cost")
lstinfo.Items.Add(name & vbTab & " " & labour_cost & vbTab & "
" & Supplier_cost & vbTab & " " & Total_cost)

End Sub
End Class

5. Write a Visual Basic code which will classify any mark captured in a textbox named txtMark
according to the following grades:

A - 70 – 100
B - 60 – 69
C - 50 – 59
D - 40 – 49
E - 30 – 39
U - 0 – 29

The grades should be displayed on a label named display. Make use of CASE
STATEMENTS. [8]

Public Class Form1

Dim mark As Integer
Dim grade As Char

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

mark = txtMark.Text
grade = lblgrade.Text
Select Case mark
Case 70 To 100
lblgrade.Text = "A"
Case 60 To 69
lblgrade.Text = "B"
Case 50 To 59
lblgrade.Text = "C"
Case 40 To 49
lblgrade.Text = "D"
Case 30 To 39
lblgrade.Text = "E"
Case 0 To 29
lblgrade.Text = "U"

End Select

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End Sub
End Class

SECTION B

Answer any two questions in this section.

6. (a) Explain the four basic aspects of the design stage in system analysis [4]
 Input design.
 Output design.
 File design.
 Program design.
(b) Give three reasons why maintenance of a system is necessary. [3]
 To add new features that may be seen necessary to include in the system.
 To improve system response time.
 To correct some errors that may have been encountered so as to ensure a
smooth running of the system.
(c) You have been hired by an organisation to develop a Management Information
System,
(i) Illustrate the approach you would take to ensure that you develop a system
that meets the client‟s specifications.
 Problem identification
 Fact Finding
 Feasibility study
 Analysis
 Design
 Developing and testing
 Documentation and user-training
 Implementation
 Evaluation
 Maintenance [8]

(ii) Give an explanation for each of the development of the components in the
approach to the development of c (i) Management Information System [8]

 Problem identification -
 Feasibility study - it is preliminary investigation conducted to
determine if there is need for a new system or modification of the
existing one.
 Data collection – these are fact finding methods that can be used to
collect data about the system and they include: interviews, record
inspection, questionnaires, observations…
 Analysis -
 Design – creating the system and fully test it
 Developing and testing
 Implementation -
 Evaluation -
 Maintenance

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7. (a) A mail order company has a multi-user centralised database to allow employees to
access orders and deal with customer enquiries as they come in to customer service
department.
(i) Explain why different staff will have passwords allowing them different
levels of access to the data stored. [2]
Because different staff will need to access only the tables they need to
perform their tasks.
(ii) Give two other reasons why passwords would be used for this type of system.
[2]
 To avoid unauthorised access
 To avoid identity theft
(b) A record within the main stock file is locked whenever one person is making changes
to it.
(i) Explain the term „locked‟. [1]
Locked means it restricted other users to alter the record when one person
opened it
(ii) Explain why it is necessary in this case to lock records. [2]
It necessary because it is a multiuser system and multiple users can open a
single table at the same time

(c) A stock master file is updated by a transaction file using sequential file access. The
purpose of the stock master file is to ensure that the levels of stock will met demand.
(i) Give four essential fields for the stock master file. [4]
 Product id
 Product supplier name and the product name
 Quantity of a product
 Price of each item
 Bar code
 Reorder level
 Supplier ID
(ii) Give three essential fields for the transaction file. [3]
 Product name
 Quantity of products
 Price of each item and the total price
 The change given field and maybe the name the dates of transaction

(iii) Explain why the transaction file should be sorted and in what order, prior to
updating the master file [3]
 To order transaction file records to same order of master file
records
 Reduce time to update master file
 No need for rewinding master file tape during update

(d) A student on work experience at Salary Service Bureau (SSB) was alone in the office.
The student logged into the computer system by guessing the administrator‟s user ID
and password. The student then accessed the company‟s pay roll file and changed the
gross pay of several employees.
(i) State the two offences the student committed.
 Gaining unauthorised access to data or programs on a computer
 Intentional unauthorised modifications of content of the computer

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(ii) Explain any three methods of security the company could have used to
prevent the offences [8]
 Encryption of data
 Use of biometric security
 Firewall

8. An algebraic expression is represented by the following binary tree.

* /

v w - z

X Y
(a) Show the output if the tree is traversed using:
(i) Post order VW*XY-Z/+
(ii) In- order (V*W)+(X-(Y/Z))
(iii) Pre-order +*VW/-XYZ [12]
(b) (i) Show how the decimal numbers 13 and 32 would be represented as 8-
bit binary integers,
 13 – 00001101
 32 – 00100000
(ii) Given that the ASCII Code for the character 1 is 110001, show how
the test string „1332‟ would be held in a 4-byte word. [5]

1332 – 110001 110011 110011 110010

(c) The sum of 3.39 + 0.678 is to be worked out using only 3 significant figures.
Find the actual and relative errors if truncation is used. [3]
Actual errors.

Actual error = exact value – computed value. The exact value would be the value obtained
without any error

3.39 + 0.678 = 4.068 (exact vlue)

4.068 to 3 significant figures = 4.06 (computed value)

Therefore actual error = exact value – computed value

= 4.068 – 4.06
= 0.008

Relative errors.
Relative error = actual error / exact value
Therefore Relative error = (exact value – computed value)/exact value

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Relative error = (4.068 – 4.06) / 4.068

= 0.0019665683

(d) Convert 27 into

(i) Binary, 11011
(ii) BCD, 0010 0111 [3]
(e) Convert ABC16 to decimal. 2 748 [2]

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COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2016

(a) Explain why banks hold customer account information online. [2]
 So that customer can do online banking
 Customers can pay their credits online
 Customers can use their cards on point of sale to pay for their goods

(b) (i) Outline any two possible threats to a computer system. [2]
 Virus
 Hackers
 Natural disasters
(ii) Explain how to provide security to counter threats in b (i) [2]
 Updated antivirus
 Passwords and Encryption
 Backups off the site

2. A rental club has computerised its accounts. Membership for the club is renewed
annually and each member is issued with a swipe card. When renting a car, the
client swipes on terminal at the reception of the club outlet and the members will be
required to settle their monthly bills by cheque.

a) Illustrate how the swipe card system collects and processes data relating to a
member‟s expenditure. [5]

pay monthly biils Accounts

receipt
member Reception
swipe

receipt/Invoice

b) Evaluate any two benefits of the system to the club. [2]

 Up-to-date file
 Automatic calculations
 No need for hard cash

c) A report can be generated which identifies monthly utilisation and income

generated for each car. Draw a detailed report of this report. [4]

Car ID Monthly income Monthly Expense Profit/Loss

001 xxxx xxxx xxxx
002
003
Total xxxx xxxx xxxx

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3. (a) Suggest
i) The criteria that can be used in choosing a file organisation type. [4]
 How the file is going to used
 How many record are processed each time the file is updated
 Whether individually records need to be quickly accessed
 What type of medium is going to be used
ii) Two different ways in which the records in an indexed sequential file may
be accessed. [4]
 Randomly when accessing the index
 Sequentially when accessing the records
(b) Outline the purposes and the main steps in
i) Backups [3]
 The purpose of the backup is to create a copy of data that can be
recovered in the event of a data loss due to hardware or software
failure, data corruption, malicious attack, or accidental deletion of
data
Steps
 Identify the volume of useful data to be backed up and categorize file
system as files or folders
 Choose the backup media
 Back up your data
 Check that it works
 Store it safely of the site
ii) Archiving [3]
 Data archiving is the process of moving data that is no longer actively
used to a separate storage device for long term retention for future
reference
Steps
 Inventorying and determine which data must be archived
 Assign a retention period schedule for each category
 Develop archive policy
 Proactive protection of the data archive‟s integrity
 Choosing a data archive product

4. (a) Explain what is meant by

i) Primary key [1]
 A field which uniquely identifies a record
ii) Candidate key [1]
 An attribute that is not a primary key but has the property of
uniqueness
(b) Write the relationship between
i) Teacher and student [1]

Teacher Student

ii) Class and student [1]

Class Student

(c) Illustrate the relationship identified in b(i) and b(ii) using entity-relationship

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diagrams [6]

Teacher Student Class

5. (a) (i) Distinguish between static and dynamic data structure. [2]
Static data structure Dynamic data structure

 Uses space required  Space allocated during

 Efficient use of memory compilation
 Emptied storage can be  Waste space when only
returned to the system partially used
 change size when program  do not change size when
is running program is running
 difficult to program  Easier to program
 serial access  easier to check for overflow
 e.g Binary tree, queue,  random access
stack, linked list etc e.g. Array

(ii) Outline one benefit that would be gained from using a dynamic data
structure to implement a binary tree. [1]
 Access time to an individual node is much quicker than by using a simple
serial search
(iii) An initially empty tree has the following items added in the order: melon,
peer, banana, orange.

Draw the binary tree after the four items have been added. [3]

melon

banana
peer

orange

(b) Differentiate the terms nibble and byte [2]

 A nibble is a group of 4 bits

 A byte is a group of 8 bits
6. (a) Analyse the sorting algorithm that is best if the list is already sorted. [3]
 Merging sort is best if the lists are sorted
 Is used when combining two ordered files into one ordered file

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 Read first values from each file

 Compare the values and write the smaller value to the new list
 Read the next value in the file that had a value copied
 Repeat until end of one file and then copy remainder of the other file into new file.
(b) Compute the maximum possible number of nodes in a binary tree at level 6. [2]
 Root node is level 1 which is 20= 1 node
 Total number of nodes at level 6 = 2(6-1)
= 25
= 32
(c) Convert to decimal
i) Binary 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 [1]`

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

 128+32+8+4+1 =17310

ii) Octal 2753 [1]

512 64 8 1

2 7 5 3

(512 x 2) + (64 x 7) + (8 x 5) + (1 x 3) = 1024 + 448 + 40 + 3

= 1515

7. Determine a possible application area of the following computer accessory:

a) Joystick - Video/computer games / simulators [1]
b) Scanner - used to scan in documents and convert them into a format for use in
various software packages e.g. books/ non digital photographs etc [1]
c) Bar code recorder – supermarkets where goods are marked with bar codes/libraries
to scan bar codes on books [1]
d) Touch screen - where selections are made on screen e.g. point of sale/ ATMs/
mobile phones/satellite navigation systems etc. [1]
e) Plotter - used to produce large drawings e.g. blueprints of buildings/ large pictures
e.g. billboards [1]

8. (a) Outline any three main purpose of an operating system. [3]

 Provides a user interface
 Manages applications
 Manages files
 Manages computer memory
 Manages system security
 Provides error handling
 Handles interrupts

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(b) With the aid of a diagram, illustrate any three major activities of an operating
system with regard to memory management. [6]

Operating System  Keep track of which parts of memory are currently

Partition A being used and by whom
Program A  Decide which processes are to be loaded into
Partition B memory when memory space becomes available.
Program B  Allocate and de-allocate memory space as needed
Partition C
Program C
Partition D
Program D
Available space

1. Describe any two features of a multi-tasking operating system. [4]

 It allows several applications to be available simultaneously
 The tasks are allocated time slices in turn

(d) Evaluate any difficulty that a programmer must overcome in writing any
operating system for real time environment. [2]

 The main difficulty is keeping the operating system within the fixed time
constraints of a real-time system
 Real-time system has fixed time constraints on its operations of a processor and
flow of data. This means that the system will fail if some process takes too long to
complete. Therefore, programmers have to pay a lot of attention to optimization
and resource allocation.
9. (a) Outline the advantages of computer networks. [5]

 Data can be pooled and therefore accessed by a wide range of users. This helps to
ensure integrity.
 Hardware resources such as printers and scanners can be shared. This is a more
cost-effective solution than providing each user with his own set of peripheral
devices.
 Software resources can be shared.
 Security is centralised and so improved.
 The network manager can control access by setting access rights and user
permission and auditing computer use.
 Centrally located virus checking software can be used to check all files on the
network.
 Backup procedures are easier to complete if centrally located and managed.
(b) Explain any three benefits of using fibre optic cable as transmission medium. [6]
 It has less attenuation and therefore fewer repeaters are needed,
 has very high bandwidth and cannot corrode (not affected by corrosion),
 it is thin and therefore has less weight.
 It allows very fast data transfer,

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 has no electromagnetic interference,

 is physically secure.

(c) With the aid of a diagram, illustrate a mesh topology. [3]

 A network in which each computer serves as a relay point for directly sending
information to any other computer on the network.
 No central device oversees a mesh network, and no set route is used to pass data
back and forth between computers.

10. (a) Draw the logic circuit corresponding to

X = 1 if (A is 1 and B is 1) OR (B is 1 or C is NOT 1)

A
a
AND

B b OR X

OR

C
NOT

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b) Come up with the truth table for the logic statement in (a)

Inputs Working area Output

A B C NOT a b X
C
0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1

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COMPUTING PAPER 2 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2016

SECTION A

1. (a) Giving an example in each case, explain what is meant by the following types
of programing errors:
(i) Syntax [2]
A syntax error is whereby the programmers conflict with the
grammatical rules governing sentence construction and layout of
different programming languages.eg misspelling reserved words.
(ii) Logic [2]
(iii) Logical refers to an error in the sequencing of instructions, modules
and specifying wrong formulae that will produce undesirable results. -
For example, specifying a jump instruction to the wrong procedure or
instructing the computer to display result before any processing has
been done. - Logic errors cannot be detected by the computer. - The
user just finds wrong and unintended results of a process. - For
example: NetSalary = GrossSalary + Deductions + AidsLevy

(iv) Arithmetic [2]

Arithmetic error is whereby an instruction performs inappropriate
Arithmetic.eg dividing a number by zero

(b) Discuss how procedures and the programing construct selection can be used to
Code a simple menu system for user. [2]
 Procedures are used to code sub tasks of the program separately.
 Construct selection is used to make a good choice of the procedure to
execute according to the choice of food made.
2. (a) The code below was proposed by a programmer

Total = 10
Repeat
Read K
If K > 2 Then
Total = Total + K
Else
K = K*k
Total = Total + K
End If
Print Total
Until K = 2
Print Total
End

Represent the output for this code using a trace table with the following input
string:
3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 0

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K TOTAL
- 10
3 13
5 18 Total = 23
1 19
2 23
(b) Describe any three different methods that can be used by a programmer to
make a code understandable to someone who has to maintain it. [6]
 Indenting – this is writing the code in a way that all the statements are not
in the same line but rather systematically away from the margin
 Using comments – this is explaining what every piece of code you write is
going to mean to the system.
 Using blank lines this creates space so that each statement can be read
easily
3. Construct a Visual Basic (VB) program to determine what flavour of ice-cream is
selected by a user. If a user has picked a flavour, display the flavour in a message
box, and if a user has not selected a flavour, use a message box to notify the user of
the error. The form below is an example of what the ice-cream flavour form might
look like. State clearly the names of controls used.

Ice-cream
Single scoop flavour

Chocolate Vanilla
3 3
6 Strawberry 6
3
6 Display Order

Public Class Form1

Dim strawberry, vanilla, chocolate As String

Private Sub btnexit_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnexit.Click

End
End Sub

Private Sub btndisplayorder_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btndisplayorder.Click

If rbtchocolate.Checked = True Then

MsgBox("YOU HAVE SUCCESSFULLY CHOSEN CHOCOLATE AS YOUR FLAVOUR FOR TODAY")
lstorders.Items.Add("chocolate")
ElseIf rbtstrawberry.Checked = True Then
MsgBox("YOU HAVE SUCCESSFULLY CHOSEN STRAWBERRY AS YOUR FLAVOUR FOR TODAY")
lstorders.Items.Add("strawberry")
ElseIf rbtvanilla.Checked = True Then
MsgBox("YOU HAVE SUCCESSFULLY CHOSEN VANILLA AS YOUR FLAVOUR FOR TODAY")
lstorders.Items.Add("vanilla")
ElseIf MsgBox("NO FLAVOUR ,PLEASE SELECT YOUR FLAVOUR ROF TODAY") Then
End If

End Sub

End Class

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Control Caption
Display order btndisplayorder
Exit btnexit
lstorders lstorders
Chocolate Rbtchocolate
Vanilla Rbtvanilla
Strawberry rbtstrawberry

4. Construct a diagram illustrating how a program passes through the three main phases of
compilation. [6]

Source
program

Lexical
Analysis

Symbol tables and

lexical string

Syntax
Analysis

Symbol table and Program listing and

parse string error messages

Code
Generation

Object
Program

5. Write a Visual Basic (VB) code to find the roots of an equation given the condition:

If b2 – 4ac > 0, then the equation has two real roots and b2 – 4ac = 0, then the equation
has one real root or else it has no real roots. [12]

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Public Class Form1

Private Sub btncompute_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btncompute.Click
'declaring variables
Dim a, b, c, x, root1, root2 As Double
'passing values
a = txtA.Text
b = txtB.Text
c = txtC.Text
' calculating
x = (b * b - (4 * a * c) ^ 0.5)
root1 = (-b + (x)) / (2 * a)
root2 = (-b - (x)) / (2 * a)
txtr1.Text = root1
txtr2.Text = root2

End Sub

Private Sub btnclose_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btnclose.Click
End
End Sub
End Class

SECTION B

6. (a) A computer system controls an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) cash card.
Determine any one device, clearly stating its purpose that could be in the ATM
for the following functions.
(i) Input
 Numeric Keypads - where customers can key in their personal
identification number (PIN), or an amount of money
(ii) Output

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 VDU – where messages appear, such as “Enter personal number”.

The screen gives instructions to the customer.
(iii) Storage
 Magnetic Tape / Magnetic tape – to store all the transaction [6]

(b) The operating system used by a computer controlling the ATM must work in
two modes.

(i) Name the two modes [2]

 Batch processing
 Real time transaction processing

(ii) Justify the answer in b(i) using real life situations in a bank. [4]

 Batch processing –
 Real time transaction processing – getting money from the ATM

(c) Suppose you are given the details of a small mail order catalogue system that
allows people to shop from home. When a customer receives the catalogue
and wants to buy something, the customer can telephone, fax or mail their
order to the company. The company gets the order and sends the goods and an
invoice. When the customer receives the goods with a delivery note, the
customer sends payment and receives a receipt for their payment.

Given, the above scenario, produce a data flow diagram (DFD) for the mail
order. [6]

Catalogue Mail Order

Receipt Customer
Customer Company
Telephone/Fax order

Goods &
invoice
Payment

Customer

(d) An industrial cleaning company employs some of its workers at an hourly rate.
The company uses a computer to produce their payslips and pay cheques each
week. The payroll program updates the sequential payroll master file from a
validated transaction file which has previously been sorted into the correct
order. The payroll program retrieves personal data such as name, address and

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rate of pay from the Employee Master file which has been indexed in
sequential file organisation.

Draw a system flow chart for weekly payroll. [7]

Employee’s
working details

Key in data

Validate

Validated
Transaction
s

Sort
Validated
transactions

Sorted
Transaction
s

Employee New
Update
Master File Master File

Payslips

7. (a) A college keeps its student files on paper which is kept in filing cabinets. A
decision has been taken to computerise these files.

Justify any three measures that can be taken to ensure that stored information
remains confidential. [6]
 Use access rights -
 Use passwords2
 Use biometric data to gain 468

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(b) Explain the meaning of each of the following in relation to database:

(i) Entity - is a thing of interest on which information or data is being

collected. [2]
(ii) Secondary key - – it is a field used to identify more than one record at
a time. [2]
(iv) Foreign key- it is a primary key in one file that is found in another file.
[2]
(v) Tuple it is a row in a relational database, and it usually denotes a
record in a relation [2]
(vi) Data type these are special statements that describe the nature of data
handled by programs. [2]

(c) A sports club runs a number of sports teams. Each team is made up of a
number of members of the club and each member may play for more than one
team, each team has a number of coaches, but the coach‟s job is so time
consuming that each coach can only coach one team.

Represent the above information on an entity relation diagram (ERD), stating

the primary key for each entity. [9]

1 coaches
1
Member ID
ade up

Coach M has 1 Team 1 Made M Member

up

ade up

Coach ID M Plays in
1
Team ID
ade up

8. (a) Express the denary 78 as:

(i) Binary number stored in 8 bit byte 0100 1110 [2]
(ii) A hexadecimal number, 4E [2]
(iii) A number stored in binary coded decimal (BCD). 0111 1000 [2]

(b) Explain how the binary value of 78 can be used to write down the equivalent
octal value with a minimum amount of calculation. [2]

 Group bits in threes, starting on right

001 001 110
 Convert to octal digits
001 001 110
1 1 6
(c) Real numbers are stored in floating point representation with:

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 8 bits for the mantissa, followed by

 4 bits for the exponent

Two‟s compliment used for both the mantissa and the exponent.

Consider the binary pattern:

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Calculate this binary pattern to denary. [4]

1.0101000 +7

Move the decimal point 7 places to the right 10101000

Convert the negative number to positive 01011000

Convert the binary number to decimal - 88

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COMPUTING PAPER 1 9195/1 NOVEMBER 2017

1. (a) Sate the functions of the following computer components

i) Processor [2]
 Fetches –decodes and execute instructions
 It performs all operations on data according to the given
instruction

ii) Main memory [2]

 Hold the programs currently being executed and data used by these
programs
 Hold programs awaiting processing

iii) Secondary storage [2]
 Store software including OS, other system software, application
software
 Stores data for long term storage
 Supplement the main memory
(b) Describe a register in computing context. [1]
 Register is a temporary location that can store data temporarily.

2. (a) Identify any five general application areas of computers. [5]

 Agriculture
 Banking Systems
 Education
 Health Care
 Research And Development

(b) i) Explain how it is possible to protect computer data from:

 Physical damage
 Use Security guards
 Use burglar bars and screen doors

 Theft and misuse [3]
 Passwords
 encryption

ii) Discuss the techniques that can be used to prevent unauthorised

access to computer systems. [9]
 Physical security- security which prevents physical access to a
computer.
Locks
CCTV
Security guards
 Authentication- security which prevents access to a computer even
if the user has physical access,
Passwords
Biometrics
Access rights

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 Firewalls – is a security technology that monitors incoming and

outgoing traffic. It provides a protective barrier between the
computer and other computers
 Proxy servers- a way to prevent direct access to the server. It is an
intermediary server.
3. (a) Explain any four functions of a computer operating system. [4]
 Provides a user interface
 Manages applications
 Manages files
 Manages computer memory
 Manages system security
 Provides error handling
 Handles interrupts

41b) i) Define serial data transmission. [1]

A system in which data is send one bit at a time over a single wire from
source to destination, until all data has been send.

ii) Explain the difference between serial and parallel data

transmission. [2]
 Serial data transmission is whereby data is send one bit at a time
over a single wire from source to destination, until all data has
been send.
 Parallel data transmission is whereby several bits are send
simultaneously over a number of parallel lines linking the sender
and the receiver.

iv) Identify the circumstances where it is would be appropriate to use

parallel data transmission. [1]
 Suitable for short distance communication, i.e, inside the computer
system using buses, e.g. from processor to hard drive, processor to
printer

v) Justify the need for protocols in data communication. [2]

 A protocol is a set of rules that govern how data is transferred in a
network. It defines the rules on how network devices communicate.
 A network communication protocol: a standard method for
transmitting data from one computer to another across a network
This includes:
 how to interpret signals
 how to identify 'oneself' and other computers on a network
 how to initiate and end networked communications

4. (a) Give any two differences between dynamic and static data structures. [2]

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Static data structure Dynamic data structure

 Uses space required  Space allocated during

 Efficient use of memory compilation
 Emptied storage can be  Waste space when only
returned to the system partially used
 change size when program  do not change size when
is running program is running
 difficult to program  Easier to program
 serial access  easier to check for overflow
 e.g Binary tree, queue,  random access
stack, linked list etc e.g. Array

(b) The following data items are to be entered into binary search tree in the
order given:

Harare, London, Paris, Rome, Berlin, Amsterdam, Lisbon, Madrid,

Lilongwe.

i) Draw a diagram to show how these values (data items) will be

stored and circle the root node. [5]

Harare

Berlin London

Amsterdam Lisbon Paris

Lilongwe Madrid Rome

ii) If Madrid is being searched for in this binary tree, list the data
items which will have to be accessed. [1]
 Harare, London, Paris, Madrid

5. (a) Perform the following arithmetic:

i) 100000002 - 10011002 [2]

 0011 01002
ii) A73 + B412 + 52D [2]
 C3B2

(b) Convert the Hexadecimal number ABCD to octal [2]

 125 715
(c) Represent 1010102 using BCD [2]
 First change the number to Decimal = 42
 Then change the decimal number to BCD
 0100 0010

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6. (a) Describe the following terms in computing:

i) System software [2]
ii) Antivirus [2]
 Software that identifies computer viruses and deals with them by not
allowing them access to files or by erasing them. It usually protects
against other forms of malware.
iii) Disk formatting [2]
 Is the process of dividing disk surface into a number of tracks and each
track is divided into smaller blocks called sectors. The surface of a
disk can store so much data that the computer cannot handle it all at
once so it needs to be split up so that data stored on it can be found
again.
iv) Defragmentation [2]
 It is the process of reorganising the files and unused space on a
computer‟s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more
quickly and programs run faster. When an operating system stores
data on a disk, it places the data in the first available sector on the
disk. It attempts to place data in sectors that are contiguous (next to
each other), but this is not always possible. When the contents of a file
are scattered across two or more non-contiguous sectors, the file is
fragmented.
v) File compression [2]
 It is the process of reducing the size of files while keeping or
transmitting the file from one computer to another as the
communication is speeded up.

(b) Translators are essential in computing:

Give the difference in the way in which the three main translators
Translate data. [6]
Interpreter
An interpreter translates high –level language into machine code one line at a
time and executes it. No object code is produced so the program has to be
interpreted each time it is to be run

Compiler
A compiler translates a complete program in high level language into object
code before it is executed

Assembler
An assembler is a program which translates an assembly code program into
machine code ready for the computer to execute it. Since each type of
computer has its own assembly language, it also has its own assembler

(c) Compiling is done in a number of stages.

Outline what happens at stage of compilation, in the correct sequence.

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Lexical Analysis
 Removes white space, blank lines and comments
 Keywords , constants and identifiers are replaced by tokens
 A symbol table is partial created
 Some illegal identifiers are flagged out
Syntax Analysis
 Parsing the lexical string to check that it is grammatical correct using
BNF notation and syntax diagram
 Symbol table is completed
Code generation
 Producing machine code and storing it as an object file,
 Allocates memory locations to variables and constants
 Optimizes the machine code to reduce the use of memory or speed it

7. Compare and contrast batch processing and real time processing on an

Automated Teller Machine (ATM). [6]

Batch Processing Real time processing

 Processing is done later after data  Processing is done as soon as data is
has been collected into batches. received.
 It is usually done offline  It is done online
 For example total of all  For example checking balance
withdrawal transaction of the day

8. A new copy of a sequentially organised master file is made whenever records

are added, a program is written to add a single record to the master file.

Draw a diagram to show the steps for this program that generate an amended
copy of the master file. [6]

Master file Transaction

(Day 1)
File day 1
Grandfather

Update

Master file Transactio

(Day 2)
n
For day 2
Father
Update

Master file
(Day 3)

Son

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9. Draw an entity relationship diagram for the following relations:

i) Lecturer and student [3]
ii)
1 M
Lecturer Has Student

iii) Employee and department [3]

Employee M Have 1 Department

10. Programmers prefer interpreters over compilers. Justify this statement. [7].

 Easier to debug than compiler

 Easier to create multi-platform code, as each different platform would have an
interpreter to run the same code.
 Useful for prototyping software and testing basic logic
 Programmers can use interpreters whilst they are still developing their programs
instead of waiting until it is complete then compile it.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE 9195/2 NOVEMBER 2017

SECTION A

1. The following is a fragment of a computer program Integer n-records.

.
.
.
Procedure display-records (n)
Integer linemax
.
.
.
If (n < n-records) then
Display error message box (.)
End if
.
End procedure

(a) Describe the following

(i) Local variable [1]

 These are variables that are defined within a procedure and are accessible
just within the procedure they are declared
(ii) Global variable [1]
 They are public variables that can be accessed and used by any procedure
or function within the same program
(iv) parameter [1]
 is data item being supplied to a function or procedure when it is called

(b) Identify the three terms in a (a) from the program fragment. [3]

 local variable – linemax, n

 global variable – n-records
 Parameter – (.)

2. Given that:
T(0) = 1
T(1) = 1
T(2) = 2
T(3) = T(2) * T(1) = 2
T(4) = T(3) * T(2) = 4
T(n) = T(n - 1) * T(n - 2)

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Write a recursive faction in pseudocode that takes any number as input and displays the
value of T as output [6]

Function Time

If T = 0 and T = 1 Then
Return 1
Else
If T = 2 Then
Return 2
Else Return T(n-1) * T(n-2)
End If
End If

End Function

3. A variable name is defined in a particular system as:

 One or two letters, followed by
 Any number of digits (including zero) followed by either a
 $ sign if there are no digits
 & sign if there are any digits
(a) Draw a syntax diagram which describes a variable name. [6]

Variable Name Letter Digit $

Letter

Letter &

(b) INPUT A, B
IF B = 0 THEN C = A
ELSE C = A/B
ENDIF
PRINT A, B
PRINT C
END

Write down the outputs produced by the algorithm if

(i) A = 8, B = 2 4
(ii) A = 6, B = 0 6
(c) An automatic fan is designed so that it turns on only when a person is in the
room and the temperature is above a set value (D).

The fan receives information from two sensors.

1. A motion sensor which retains a value (M), dependent upon a person being
sensed in the room,

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2. A thermistor (electronic thermometer) which retains the temperature in the

room (T).

Produce an algorithm to control the fan/ the algorithm may be expressed in any
form. [6]

START

If M = 1 and T >= D Then

F=1
Else
If M = 0 and T <= D Then
F=0
(1 = ON, 0 = OFF)
End if
End if
END

4. Given the following interface, interface, code a program that calculates and display the
roots of a quadratic equation. [10]

INTERFACE FORM BASED

A txta

B txtb

txtc
C

ROOT 1
txtroot1

ROOT 2 Txtroot2

COMPUTE CLOSE FORM

btnclose

btncompute
Public Class Form1
Dim A, B, C As Integer
Dim ROOT_1, ROOT_2 As Integer
Dim numroot As Integer
Dim det As Double

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Private Sub btncompute_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btncompute.Click
A = txta.Text
B = txtb.Text
C = txtc.Text

det = (B ^ 2) - (4 * A * C)
ROOT_1 = (-B + Math.Sqrt(det)) / (2 * A)
ROOT_2 = (-B - Math.Sqrt(det)) / (2 * A)

txtroot1.Text = ROOT_1
txtroot2.Text = ROOT_2
End Sub

Private Sub btncloseform_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btncloseform.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class

5. Create a Visual Basic program using the SELECT CASE that display a message on a
message box depending on the day temperature input, through a textbox using the
following temperature ranges:

Temperature < = 0: freezing

Temperature > = 1 and < = 20: moderate
Temperature > = 21: Hot [12]

Public Class Temperature

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim temp As Double
temp = txttemp.Text
Select Case temp
Case Is <= 1
MsgBox("freezing")
Case 1 To 20
MsgBox("moderate")
Case Is > 20
MsgBox("hot")

End Select
End Sub
End Class

SECTION B

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Answer any two questions in this section.

6. (a) Explain the following units of storage giving examples:

(i) Bit - is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process. E.g. 1 or
0
(ii) Word - Is a group of bits that can be addressed, transferred and manipulated
as a single unit by the central larger than a byte, possibly consisting of 16,
32, 64 bits
(iii) Nibble - Is a group of four bits [3]

(b) (i) Describe the operation of a static data structure. [1]

 Static data structure does not change in size while the program is
running e.g. an array. Once you declare the size of an array, it cannot be
change

(ii) Identify and explain an application in the operation of a computer

system where a static data structure would be required. [4]

 Static data structures will be required when working with arrays

and fixed length records where the amount of storage is known and
they are easier to program also it becomes easy to check for
overflows.

(c) Convert the following to base 10

(i) 278 2310

(ii) 4 3078 224710
(iii) 2F16 4710
(iv) BC1216 48 14610 [7]

(d) Suppose the Array A is defined as:

34 54 87 90 101

Trace the value using a binary search to find

(i) 101 [5]

Low Middle High Found

1 3 5 False
4 4 5 False
5 5 5 True
101 is found on the list at position 5

(ii) 88 [5]

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Low Middle High Found

1 3 5 False
4 4 5 False
4 4 4 False
4 3 3 False
88 is not in the list. high is now lower than Low

7. (a) Describe the following terms:

(i) Tuple - is a row in a relational database, that denotes a record in a
relation [2]
(ii) Relation - is a table with columns and rows in relational database. [2]
(iii) SQL - is a computer language used to communicate with a relational
database management system. [2]
(iv) Schema - refers to the overall design of the database and it provides a
logical classification of objects in the database [2]

(b) Illustrate using diagrams, the

(i) Hierarchical database model [6]
School

Staff Student
shool

Teacher 1 Teacher 2 Teacher 3 Class 1 Class 2

Student Student Student 1 Student

1 2 21hool 2
(ii) Network database model [6]

(c) (i) Illustrate three major challenges of database management systems [3]
 If the computer breaks down, you may not be able to access the
data.

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 Computer data can be easily copied illegally

 It is costly to initially setup the database.
 Takes time and costs to train users of the systems.
 Expensive to employ a database administrator who will manage
the database

(ii) Prescribe solutions for any two of the challenges in (i). [2]
 Use backups
 Use passwords

8. A systems analyst is designing the Human Computer Interface (HCI) for a

control room in a work site

(a) Analyse any three factors the analyst should consider when designing
the HCI. [6]
 Colour – colour can be used as an indicator of the data being
highlighted. For example, red is often as a warning colour and
green to signify that there is no problem.
 Layout – the more important information should be positioned on
the screen where the user will read. The information must be read
from left to right. Maintain a similar layout across software which
is part of a software suite, e.g. common commands should be
placed in the same screen locations in all the software that controls
a chemical factory, so that users get used to the layout of the
interface.
 Content – the content of the information presented is important.
(b) Modularity has become a very popular programming concept.

Justify this statement, giving appropriate examples of where

modularity is suitable. [7]
 Modularity is a method of organising a large computer program
into self-contained parts that can be developed simultaneously by
different programmers or teams of programmers.
 Program maintenance is easier because affected modules are
quickly identified.
 Modules can be tested independently thereby shortening the time
taken to get the whole program working
 A large project becomes easier to monitor and control.
 Some modules will be standard procedures used from time to time
in different programs or parts of the program.
 A module is small enough to be understandable as a unit of code. It
is therefore easier to understand and debug, especially if its
purpose is clearly defined and documented.
 In a very large project, several programers may be working on a
single program.
(c) Explain any four advantages of using bottom up approach. [4]
(d) A complex problem is to be solved. The analyst has split the problem
up into a number of different tasks to be carried out.

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A - Represents the collection of information about the problem

B - Represents the analysis of the information
C - Represents the design of the solution.
D - Represents the creation of data files.
E - Represents the writing of the software
F - Represents the testing of the software
G - Represents the creation of the documentation.
H - Represents the installation of the finished project.

The units used on the chart are days.

4 6 6
1 A
2 B 3 C 4

12 D E

5
23 G

F 5

2 7
6 H

The Program Evaluation and Review Technique chart (PERT) has been drawn
to allow critical path analysis of the problem
(i) Explain what the chart shows about the relationships between the
various tasks. [6]

(ii) Write the critical path and at least time required to complete the
project. [2]
 ABDFH/AGH
 Least time = 23 days

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COMPUTER SCIENCE 6023/1 NOVEMBER 2018

1. (a) Explain why computers use binary numbers. [1]

Computers use voltages and since voltages changes often, no specific voltage
is set for each number in the decimal system. For this reason binary is
measured as a two-state system i.e. on or off. Binary digits are 0 and 1, that is
0 for Off and 1 for On.

(b) Express the denary number 78 as:

i) a binary number stored in an 8 bit byte [2]

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

7810 = 0100 1110

ii) a hexadecimal number [2]

0100 1110
4 E
7810 = 4Ehex

iii) a number stored in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) [2]

7 8
0111 1000

78 = 0111 1000 BCD

2. A computer stores numbers in Floating Point Form, using 8 bits for the mantissa
and 8 bits for the exponent. Both the mantissa and the exponent are stored in two‟s
complement form.

a) Explain the effect of this on the

i) range [2]
Range is decreased because power of two which the mantissa is multiplying by
is decreased
ii) accuracy [2]
of the numbers that can be stored if the number of bits in the exponent is
reduced.
Accuracy is increased because more digits are represented after the binary
point.
b) Calculate the denary number which would have 01000000 00000010 as its
binary, floating point representation in this computer. [2]

01000000 00000010
Exponent = +2
Mantissa = 0.1000000 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right

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= 010.0
=2
c) Explain why it is not possible to represent zero as a normalised floating number.
A normalised number must have the first two bits of the mantissa different. A negative
number start with 10 and a positive number start with 01. Zero is neither a positive
nor a negative number.

3. a) Draw the OSI Model. [7]

b) Explain each layer of OSI model

7. Application layer
 This is the highest level closest to the user.
 It supports the transfer of information between end user, applications
programs and devices.
 Several types of protocol exist in this layer, covering specific and general
applications such as accounting, entry control and user identification.

6. Presentation layer
 The aim of protocols in this layer is to ensure that different devices using data
in different formats can communicate with each other, for example handling
conversation between ASCII and EBCDIC.
 To translate, encrypt and compress data
 It may also carry out encryption to ensure data security during transmission.

5. Session layer
 The session layer is the user‟s interface into the network.

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 When a user requests a particular service from the network, the session layer
handles the dialogue.
 The session layer is the network dialog controller.
 It establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interaction among
communicating systems.

4. Transport Layer
 The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire
message.
 A process is an application program running on a host.
 The transport layer ensures that the whole message arrives intact and in
order, overseeing both error control and flow control at the source-to-
destination level to ensure a high quality data transmission service for the
network.

3. Network layer
 The network layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a
packet, possibly across multiple networks (links). Whereas the data link layer
oversees the delivery of the packet between two systems on the same network
(links), the network layer ensures that each packet gets from its point of origin
to its final destination.
 If two systems are connected to the same link, there is usually no need for a
network layer. However, if the two systems are attached to different networks
(links) with connecting devices between the networks (links), there is often a
need for the network layer to accomplish source-to-destination delivery.
2. Data link layer
 The physical data transmission media used in a network are subject to
interference which can corrupt data and this layer handles data transmission
errors

1. Physical layer
 The physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream
over a physical medium.
 It deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of the interface and
transmission medium.
 It also defines the procedures and functions that physical devices and
interfaces have to perform for transmission to Occur.
 It is concern with how the binary data is transmitted along the channel.

4. Describe how each of the following elements would be used in the OSI model.
a) Switch [2]
A switch is a device that is used at the Access or OSI layer 2 and utilises MAC
Address to determine the path through where frames are to be forwarded. It can be
used to connect multiple hosts (PCs) to the network.

b) Modem [2]
Dc A modem works at the Physical layer of the OSI model. It is a device that
modulates an analogue carrier signal to encode digital information, and also
demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information
c) Bridge [2]

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A bridge connects two LAN segments into one larger continuous LAN. Bridges
operate at the Data Link Layer of the OSI Model. They can distinguish between local
and remote data, so data traveling from one workstation to another in the same
segment do sent have to cross the bridge.

5. a) Explain how the width of the data bus and the system clock speed affect
performance of a computer. [3]
 A wider data bus will allow more data to be sent at a time, and therefore the
processor will perform more efficiently.
 A wider address bus will increase the number of memory addresses a computer
may use, e.g. an 8 bit bus will only allow a value between 0 and 255 to be
transmitted at a time.
 A processor with a faster clock speed will perform faster, since more pulses will
be sent out in the same time frame.

b) (i) Differentiate the Von Neumann and Harvard architecture [2]

Von Neumann Architecture Harvard Architecture

 The data and program processing  Contains two separate areas for
that data are stored in the same commands or instructions and data
memory  Use separate buses for data and
 Has only one bus which is used for commands
both data transfers and instruction
fetches

(ii) Explain three buses used in the Von Neumann Model. [6]
control
 bi-directional bus
 its purpose is to transmit commands, timing and specific information between
system components
Address
 one directional bus
 used to transmit the address from processor to memory
 Also used to address I/O ports during input/output operations
data
 bi-directional bus
 used to transmit data and instructions between system components
6. The next instruction to be carried out is LDA25, which loads the number 25 into the
accumulator.

a) With reference to special registers in the processor illustrates the stages of the
fetch and execute cycle when dealing with the instruction above.
[6]
The Fetch Stage:
 Copy the address in the PC into the MAR
 Increment PC
 Load the instruction(LDA25) that is in the MAR into MDR

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 Load instruction (LDA25) in MDR into CIR.

The decode stage
 Identify the type of addressing being used.
 Load the address part (operand) into MAR and retrieve the contents of the
address
The Execute stage
 Load the retrieved contents (25) into MDR
 Load the contents in MDR into Accumulator

b) Explain what is meant by an interrupt. [1]

An interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating
an event that needs immediate attention.
c) Determine the actions of the processor when an interrupt is detected after an
instruction has been fetched. [2]
 The current fetch-execute cycle is completed.
 The contents of the program counter are stored safely for later restoration
 The source of the interrupt is identified
 The interrupt service routine is executed.
 The program counter is restored to point to the next instruction to be fetched and
executed in user program

7. Schools in a district are connected to a WAN. It has been observed that files are
being manipulated and there is violation of confidential information.

Suggest measures that could be put in place to secure the WAN, giving reasons. [10]

 All users should connect to WAN via a Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN
creates a secure tunnel that protects your data and allows al traffic, voice or data
to pass through a public WAN as it was on private LAN.
 Install a trustworthy Firewall – A firewall is a hardware or software designed to
block unauthorised access to computers and networks
 Cloud Computing security - applications and services are moved into the cloud.
 Use strong passwords which are updated frequently


8. A student is trying different ways of designing the process of entering data into an
array.

He declares a variable called ArraySize and set it to 3.

He declares an array number [ArraySize]
He then writes the following pseudocode:

Element 1
While Element < ArraySize Do
Input Number [Element]
Element Element + 1
Endwhile

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a) In the following table, trace the effects of entering 24, 57,12. [8]

Number
ArraySize Element Element < ArraySize (1) (2) (3)
3
1
true
24
2
true
57
3
false

b) (i) State the type of error in the pseudocode [1]

Logic error

(ii) The error can be corrected by changing one line. Write the
correct line of the pseudocode.

While Element <= ArraySize Do

c) Rewrite the code using REPEAT…UNTIL Loop [2]

Element 1
REPEAT
Input Number [Element]
Element Element + 1
UNTIL Element > ArraySize Do
End Repeat

d) The student wants to increase the size of the array to 500. This is too large to
trace with the trace Table.

Show how one would check that the logic of the pseudocode is correct for 500
iterations.
 Variable dump – see values of all variables at a particular place in the code
 Break points – to stop execution at significant points
 Black box testing- set results against expectations
 Cross referencing – identifies errors caused by duplication of variable names
across procedures.

9. A database has been designed to store the data about sales persons and the products
they have sold.

The following facts help to define the structure of the database:

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 Each salesperson works in a particular shop.

 Each salesperson has a unique first name.
 Each shop has one or more salespersons.
 Each product sold is manufactured by one company only.
 Each person can sell any of the products
 The number of products sold by each salesperson is recorded.

The table Shopsales was the first attempt at designing the database.

Table: ShopSales

Number of
FirstName Shop ProductName products manufacture
Nick TX Television set 3 SKC
Refrigerator 2 WP
Digital camera 6 HKC
Sean BH Hair dryer 1 WG
Electric shaver 8 BG
John TX Television set 2 SKC
Mobile phone 8 ARC
Digital camera 4 HKC
Toaster 3 GK

a) Explain why the table is not in the First Normal Form(1NF) [1]
There are repeating groups in ProductName and Manufacturer columns

b) The database has been changed to:

SalesPerson (First Name, Shop)

SalesProduct (FirstName, ProductName, Number of Product, Manufacturer)

Using the data in the first attempt table, ShopSales, show how the data is now
stored in the revised table designs below.

(i) Table: SalesPerson [1]

FirstName Shop

Nick TX
Sean BH
John TX

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(ii) Table: SalesProduct

FirstName ProductName No. Of Products Manufacture

Nick Television set 3 SKC
Refrigerator 2 WP
Digital camera 6 HKC

Sean Hair dryer 1 WG

Electric shaver 8 BG

John Television set 2 SKC

Mobile phone 8 ARC
Digital camera 4 HKC
toaster 3 GK
c) (i) Suggest a primary key for the tables in (b) giving a
reason. [2]

 FirstName & ProductName

 Each salesperson has a unique first name & Each person can
sell any of the products. Hence you can uniquely identify each
record.

(ii) Explain why the SalesProduct table is not in Second Normal Form
(2NF) [2]

There are partial key dependencies. No of Products and

Manufacturer depends on part of the primary key that is
ProductName only.

(iii) Write the table definition to give the database in (2NF)

SalesPerson (First Name, ProductName)

SalesProduct (ProductName, Number of Product,
Manufacturer)

10. A software company is interested in the project a student developed at Advanced

Level and they are proposing commercialising it. They are worried about the
authenticity of the project.
a) Suggest four points to look at to maintain product originality. [4]
 Naming conventions – focuses on the way identifiers, procedures and functions
have been declared. Use meaningful names that convey the raison-d‟etre of the
data value
 Annotations or comments- these should allow another programmer to follow the
logic of the program
 Indentation and formatting – Indentation allows you to separate the different
block of program code. The purpose of indentation is to convey the program
structure at a quick glance; it makes program code more structured and readable.

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 Proper documentation-technical documentation is used ensure that a system can

be maintained in the long term by the same or a different group of
analysts/programmers. Maximum information on the system must therefore be
included.
b) There is risk that the software company may steal the benefit. Discuss how to
safe guard it. [6]
 By making sure that patent rights are being observed by agreeing to sign user
licences that contain rights to use the system.
 By having licence keys which activates the software after it has been purchased

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COMPUTER SCIENCE 6023/2 2018

Section A [20 marks]

1. (a) A system is monitored using a sensor. The sensors output binary values
corresponding to physical conditions as shown in the table.

Parameter Description of Binary Description of condition

parameter value
1 Pressure >= 3 bar
P Oil pressure
0 Pressure < 3 bar
1 Temperature >= 2000C
T Temperature
0 Temperature < 2000C
Rotation <= 1 000 revs per
1
minute (rpm)
R Rotation
Rotation > 1 000 revs per
0
minute (rpm)

The outputs of the sensors form the inputs to a logic circuit. The output from the circuit
X is 1, if any of the following conditions occur:

either oil pressure > = 3 bar and temperature > = 2000C or oil pressure < 3 bar and
rotation > 1000 rpm or temperature > = 2000C and rotation > 1000 rpm.

i) Draw a logic circuit to represent the above system. [5]

P a

T d

b
R

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ii) Complete the truth table below for this system. [4]

Workspace
P T R X
a b c d
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

(b) Using a spreadsheet application program, or otherwise simulate the following logic
circuit. Use only the following logic gates.

Logic Gate Spreadsheet Formula

= NOT (. . .)

= AND (. . .)

= OR (. . .)

= XOR (. . .)

a
A

B f

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Hint: Print the spreadsheet application program showing the formulas and the completed
truth table with all the intermediate results.

2. (a) Draw a well labelled diagrams showing the Main Memory, Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and the following registers Memory Address Registers (MAR), Memory Data
Register (MDR), Current Instruction Register (CIR) and Program Counter (PC) which
illustrates the Fetch Decode –Execute Cycle. [10]

Main memory
CPU
Control unit
ALU
PC
accumulator
CIR

MAR

MDR

(b) An alarm sounds when certain conditions occur in a nuclear reactor. The
output, X, of a logic circuit that drives the alarm must have a value of 1 if:

Either carbon dioxide pressure is too low and temperature < = 3000C or
water pressure > 10 bar and temperature > 3000C.

The inputs to the system are:

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Input Binary Condition

Carbon dioxide pressure too
low
P Oil pressure
Carbon dioxide pressure
acceptable
Temperature > 3000C
T Temperature
Temperature < = 3000C
Water pressure > 10 bar
W Rotation
Water pressure <= 10 bar

i) Produce a logic statement for the scenario given above [1]

X = (NOT P AND T) OR (NOT W AND NOT T)

ii) Draw a logic circuit for the alarm system [5]

iii) Produce the truth Table for the alarm system [4]

Working Place
P T W X
P’ T’ W’ P’.T T’.W’
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

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SECTION B (50 marks)

3. A student writes a program using a relaxed form of structured English. The student
uses identifiers that contain illegal characters such as the arithmetic operators to
name variables.

Assuming that the identifiers should have been made up of small alphabetic
characters and the maximum length of each identifier is 32 characters, write
functions that will validate variables on the following basis.

(a) (i) The length check [5]

Public Function Length Check (ByVal identif As string) Returns
Boolean

If identif.length >32 Then

Return False
Else
Return True
End If
End Function

(ii) Whether or not it contains the illegal characters. [10]

Public Function Character Check (ByVal identif As string) Returns
Boolean

Dim i as integer
Dim flag As Boolean
Flag = True

For I = 1 to identif.length
If mid(identif, I, 1> “z” Or mid (identif, I, 1) < “a” Then
Flag = False

End If

Next i

Return flag

End Function

(b) Write code snippets that will accept an invalid identifier and perform the
following tasks:

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(i) If it is too long truncate it and discard the right most part. [5]
Dim TestString as String
TestString = Console.Readline
If not lengthCheck(TestString) Then
TestString = left (TestString.32)
End If
Console.Writeline(TestString)
(ii) It then checks if there are any illegal characters and removes them.
[12]

Hint: You may use the function defined in part (a) to perform
checks by calling them.

(c) Construct flowcharts of the following programming constructs:

(i) Nested if statement [3]

False True
Condit
ion

False True
Condit
ion

Statement 4 Statement 2 Statement 1

Statement 3

Stop

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(ii) Sequence [2]

Start

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

Stop

(iii) Bottom tested loop [3]

Start

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

No
Conditi
on

Yes
Stop

(d) (i) Using a programming language of your choice, state any four
statements used with random access files. Give the purpose of each
statement. [8]
 OPEN “MyFile.txt” FOR Random Read Lock As #1
 Used to Open a file in random access mode and restrict access to
read only mode

 Close #1, #2,#3

 Used to close all files that have been opened; in this case
3 files
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 Put #1, 4, WorkRecord

 Used to write the content of WorkRecord at position 4 in
file 1

 Get # 1,4, WorkRecord

 Used to read a record on position 4 from the file

(ii) Write any two statements which are common to both sequential
and random files. [2]

 CLOSE #filenumber
 OPEN “Filename” FOR mode AS #filenumber
4. (a) Write an algorithm of a program that accepts 50 numbers through the
keyboard and outputs the smallest, highest and average of all the
numbers entered.
Begin [10]

Smallest =2000
Highest = 0
Counter = 1
Total = 0
Average = 0

While counter <= 50 Do

Input number
Total = total + number
Counter = counter +1
If number > largest Then
Largest = number
Else
If number < smallest Then
Smallest = number
End If
End If
End While
Average = Sum/50
Display Highest, Smallest, Average
End.

(b) Convert the above algorithm in (a) into a program. Use a text editor or
IDE environment to produce the code. [11]
Public Class Form1

Private Sub btnclik_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btnclik.Click
Dim count, sum, smallest, largest, average As Integer

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Dim num As Integer

average = 0
sum = 0
largest = 0
smallest = 2000
For count = 1 To 50
num = InputBox("Enter number")
sum = sum + num
If num > largest Then
largest = num
Else
If num < smallest Then
smallest = num
End If

End If

Next count

average = sum / 50
MsgBox("Average is:" & average)
MsgBox("Largest is:" & largest)
MsgBox("Smallest:" & smallest)

End Sub
End Class

(c) (i) A series of characters J, F, H, U, S, X, T are to be entered into

binary search tree in the order given.

Draw a binary search tree to show these values will be stored. [7]

F U

S
H X

(iii) The following data is to be in arrays Data, L and R.

Data
“J” “F” “H” “U” “S” “X” “T”
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

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L
0 0
2 0 0 5 0 0
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

R
4 3 0 6 7 0
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Using the array above, dry run the following pseudocode by

completing the trace table below it. [6]

Item = “T”
Ptr = 1
While Dat[Ptr] <> Item Do
Print Data[Ptr]
If Data [Ptr] > Item The
Ptr = L [Ptr]
Else
Ptr = R [Ptr]
End If
End While

Print Dat [Ptr]

Item Ptr Printed Output

“T” 1 “J”
“T” 4 “U”
“T” 5 “S”
“T” 7 “T”

Write a pseudocode of a program that will output the square root of any
input number. The program must stop when the number input is zero (0 )
[7]

Display “Enter a number or zero to stop”

Input number
WHILE number < >0 Do
Square root = number ^ 0.5
Display “The square root is,” square root
Display “Enter a number or zero to stop”
ENDWHILE
9

Write a program code that will use a loop to create the array given below and accept its
values.

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9 12 15 17 4 5 8 9

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Module Module1

Sub Main()
Dim Array(7) As Integer
Dim counter As Integer
For c = 0 To 7
Array(counter) = InputBox("enter number")
Console.ReadLine()
Next c

Console.ReadKey()
End Sub

End Module
SECTION C

5. (a) Using text editor or IDE environment, writ SQL statements to perform
the following;

(i) Create a table called “students with the following details:

Field Name Data type Size

Student ID Integer 4
Surname Character 20
First name Character 20
Class Character 2
Fees paid number 4
[14]
NB: Student ID is the primary
CREATE TABLE Student
Student_ID int (4) PRIMARY KEY
Surname char(20)
FirstName char (20)
Class char (2)
Fees_paid number (4)

(ii) Display the surname and first name fields only of students whose class
is 1A and fees paid is les than100. [6]

SELECT Surname, FirstName

FROM Student
Where Class = “1A” and Fess_Paid <100

(iii) Delete a student record whose first name is Ralph from the student‟s
table. [3]

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DELETE FROM Student WHERE FirstName = “Ralph”

(b) Draw an ER diagram for the situation given below:

An account is a relationship between customer and a bank. A bank has a

branch code. A customer may have several accounts of different types and
balance [7]
1 M
Bank Bank Customer

1
has
Branch code
M
Account type

balance

6. (a) Using text editor or IDE environment, writ SQL statements to perform
the following:

(i) Create a database called “school fees”. [1]

CREATE DATABASE Schoolfees;

(ii) Create the tables “Student Details” and “Invoice” with the following
details: [13]

Students_details

Field_Name Data Type Size

Student_name text 30
Class text 10
Address text 50
Student_ID text 5
[Primary Key]
Invoice

Field Name Data Type Size

Student_ID Text 5
Fees_amount currency
Fees_paid currency
Invoice_number text 5
Fees_balance currency
Due_Date Date/time

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NB: student_ID is the foreign key

Invoice_number is the primary key

Student_Details tables
CREATE TABLE Student_details
(student_name text (10),
Address text (50),
Student_ID text (5) PRIMARY KEY,
Class text (10),
);

Invoice table
CREATE TABLE Invoice
(Student_ID text (5) FOREIGN KEY,
Fees_amount currency,
Fees_paid currency,
Invoice_number text (5),
Fees_Balance currency,
Due_date Date/Time
);
(iii) Create a calculated field to calculate balance fees by subtracting paid
fees from fees amount using a query. The query should display all
fields from the Invoice table including the new calculated field. [6]

SELECT Student_ID, Fees_amount, Fees_paid,

invoice_number, due_date, fees_amount
fees_paid as fees_balance
FROM Invoice

WHERE Fees Balance >0

ORDERED BY Invoice_number

(b) A database design has three tables to store the classes that students attend.

Student (Student _ID, FirstName, LastName, Year, TutorGroup)

Class (ClassID, Subject)
Class_Group(Student_ID, ClassID)

(i) Draw a digram to illustrate the relationship between

 Class and Class-group [1]

1 M
Class Has Class_group

 Class_group and Student [1]

Class_group
M Have 1 Student

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(ii) Write an SQL statement to display the StudentID and FirstName of all
students who are in the Tutor-group 3W. display the list in alphabetical
order of LastName. [4]

SELECT StudentID, FirstName

FROM Student
WHERE tutor_group = “3w”
ORDERED by Last_Name ASC

(iii) Write an SQL statement to display the LastName of all students who
attend the class whose classID is NO. 13. [4]

SELECT LastName
FROM Student, Class_group
WHERE ClassID = “No13”
AND Clas_group.StudentID = Student.StudentID

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COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER 1 6023/1 NOVEMBER 2019

1. (a) Express the number 7910 as:

i) a binary number stored in an 8 bit byte, [1]
 0100 1111
ii) a hexadecimal number, [1]
 4F
iii) a number stored in binary coded decimal (BCD) [1]
 0111 1001
iv) an octal. [1]
 117

(b) Convert -60 and -90 into twos compliment, 8 bit binary numbers. [4]

 +60 = 0011 1100

1100 0011 (one‟s complement)
+ 1
-60 = 1100 0100 (two‟s complement)

 +90 = 0101 1010

1010 0101 (one‟s compliment)
+ 1
1010 0110 (two‟s compliment)

2. Normalise the following numbers which are held with a 10 bit mantissa and 6 bit
exponent.

a) 0000110101 000010 [2]

0.110101000 +2

Exponent = +2 - 3 = -1

Normalised number = 0 110101000 111111

b) 1111100100 000011 [2]

1.001000000 +3

Exponent = +3 - 4 = -1

Normalised number = 1 001000000 11111

3. Given that the ASCII code for small letter a is 1100001, find the ASCII codes for
a) b = 1100010
b) c = 1100011
c) h = 1101000 [3]

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4. With the aid of a diagram, explain how pipelining would improve the processing
speed of a computer. [6]

fetch decode execute

Instruction 1

Instruction 2 Instruction 1

Instruction 3 Instruction 2 Instruction 1

Instruction 4 Instruction 3 Instruction 2

 Pipelining is a technique where fetch-execute-cycle is overlapped for different

instruction.
 At most 3 different instructions are processed at the same time; with each
instruction in different fetch execute stages at the same time.
 This improves the speed of processing since the computer does not wait for one
instruction to undergo all the three stages before the next instruction is fetched.

5. Using examples, explain the difference between direct and indirect addressing
[4]
Direct
 The operand part is the actual address from which the data value is retrieved
 e.g. LDA 10
Indirect
 The operand h+
 olds the address of te location that holds the value to be used.
 e.g. LDA (10)

6. (a) Define the term interrupt. [2]

 An interrupt is a signal generated by a peripheral or software when it
requires the attention of processor which may cause the break in the
execution of the current routine.

(b) Give an example of an:

i) Internal interrupt. [1]
 Timer interrupts which signals that a time-critical activity needs attention.
ii) external interrupt [1]
 machine check interrupts caused by malfunctionining hardware
(c) Explain why modern computers are interrupt based. [2]
 In order to obtain processor time for higher priority task and to avoid data loss

(d) (i) Design a truth table for a two input NOR gate. [2]

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Inputs Outputs
A B X
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
= 1 0
1

(ii) Design a NOR gate. [2]

B X

7. (a) State and explain any four reasons why privacy has become one of the key
topics in information security at the beginning of the 21st century. [7]
 The internet is by no means a secure medium of communication, and yet
individuals choose to divulge personal details on it including financial
information such as credit card numbers. There are many ways in which
motivated individuals can gain access to insecure internet transactions.
 An inevitable consequence of the trend for commercial companies and
public institutions to store personal records electronically is that one‟s
personal details are likely to be held on a number of databases. The level
of security applied to these databases varies widely, leaving open the
possibility that such personal details may be accessed by individuals who
should have no authority to do so.
 The use of internet, and email facilities is widespread in places of work. An
increasing number of organisations use specialist applications to monitor
both web surfing activities and the email traffic of their employees.
Employees, on the other hand, may feel that their privacy is under threat
from such monitoring.
 National security organisations and law enforcement agencies have
successfully argued that they are justified in monitoring electronic
communication, including email because they are used in the commission
of criminal acts and terrorist atrocities. While most people would support
measures taken against criminals and terrorist activity, there are many
individuals and groups who believe that the individual‟s right privacy is
being undermined by the technology sophistication and secretive nature of
such systems.

(b) Identify any three positive impacts of social media on „A‟ level students.
[3]
 Collaborating with other A „level students
 Share educational like e-books.
 Receive and send assignments from/to their teachers

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(c) State and describe any three dimensions of ethics in information

technology. [3]
 Personal Privacy
 Access rights

8. (a) Explain the role of Domain Name System (DNS). [2]

To translate domain names into IP Addresses which computers can

understand.
(b) Compare and contrast public and private IP addresses. [6]

Public IP Address Private IP Address

 can be accessed over the  used to assign computers within your
Internet space without letting them directly
 is globally unique IP address expose to the Internet
assigned to a computer device  it is allocated by InterNIC (network
Information centre) to allow
organisations to create their own
private network

(c) Analyse the role of the physical layer in the OSI model. [5]
 The physical layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream
over a physical medium.
 It deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of the interface
and transmission medium.
 It also defines the procedures and functions that physical devices and
interfaces have to perform for transmission to occur.
 The physical layer is also concerned with the following:
 Physical characteristics of interfaces and medium.
 Representation of bits.
 Data rate.
 Synchronization of bits
 Line configuration
 Physical topology.
 Transmission mode.

(d) Compare the OSI and TCP/IP models clearly showing any four
differences between these two models. [4]

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OSI (Open System Interconnection) TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol)
1. It has seven layers 1. It has 4 layers
2. Follows vertical approach 2. It follows a horizontal approach
3. Is a generic protocol independent 3. TCP model is based standard protocols
standard, acting as a communication around which the Internet has developed, it is
gateway between the network and a communication protocol, which allows
end user. connection of hosts over a network
4. In OSI model the transport layer 4. In TCP/IP model the Transport layer does not
guarantees the delivery packets guarantees delivery of packets.
5. Transport Layer is Connection 5. Transport Layer is both Connection Oriented
Oriented and Connection less.
6. Network Layer is both Connection 6. Network Layer is Connection less.
Oriented and Connection less.
7. Protocols are hidden in OSI model 7. In TCP/IP replacing protocols is not easy
and are easily replaced as the
technology changes

9. A country bus company owns a number of buses. Each bus is allocated to a

particular route, which corresponds to a journey through a number of towns.
One or more drivers is allocated to each stage route, which corresponds to a
journey through some or all of the towns on a route. Some of the towns have a
garage where buses are kept and each of the buses is identified by a registration
number and can carry different number of passengers. The vehicles vary in size
and can be single or double decked. Each route is identified by a route number.
Information is available on the average number of passengers carried per day
for each route. Drivers have an employee number, name, address and sometimes
a telephone number.

a) Link six entities to their attributes from the above given scenario. [6]

Reg # make # of route #

pass

# of name
Bus Pass address route

size Garage
Emp#

name
Stage #

name Driver
b) Draw an entity relationship diagram for the given scenario. [4]
addres
Stage route s
Towns
Tel #

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mak
size
e route
av_p
Reg #
#pas ass
#
s

M 1 1 Passes
allocate route
Bus d
through
name
emp#
M
M

1
Is garaged 1 M
route Is
Stage route 1
allocated
Drivers
M
#
name
1 M
Tel # addres
Garage Passed s
through

addres 1
s
Is 1 Towns M
situated

name

10. (a) Describe a recursive procedure. [2]

 Recursive procedure is a procedure which calls itself
 Recursive procedure is one which is defined by itself

(b) Using pseudocode, write down a recursive procedure for calculating the
factorial of a given number. [8]

Function factorial (n)

Begin
If n = 1
Then factorial = 1
Else factorial = n * factorial (n-1)
End if
End

11. Contrast a binary tree for the following list:

Musawu, Muzhanje, Mutsubvu, Mushuma, Musasa, Muhacha, Mukute,
Muchecheni. [5]

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Musawu

Muhacha Muzhanje

Mukute Mutsubvu

Muchecheni
Mushuma

Musasa

12. (a) List any three questions that may be in a marketing plan. [3]
 Is there a market?
 Is your product or service already being offered?
 What will you be doing/offering that no-one else is?
 What will you are doing better than anyone else is?
 What sets you apart?

(b) State and describe any seven features of e-commerce technology which
make online shops better than the traditional methods. [7]
 E-commerce enables the use of credits cards, debit cards, smart cards,
EFT via bank‟s website and other modes of electronic payment such as
Ecocash, Telecash, One Money and ZimSwitch Instant Payment
Interchange Technology (ZIPIT) to make non-cash payments.
 E-commerce increases the reach of advertising of products and services of
business. It helps better marketing management of products and services.
 Orders of the products can be generated anytime, anywhere without any
human intervention and this improves the business sales.
 E-commerce provides various ways to provide pre-sales and post sales
assistance to provide belter services to customer.
 Inventory management of products is automated and becomes very
efficient and easy to maintain.
 E-commerce provides ways of faster, efficient and reliable communication
with customers and partners.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE PAPER 2 6023/2 NOVEMBER 2019

SECTION A [20 marks]

Answer any one question from this section

1. (a) Draw a logic network and truth table for the following logic problem:

A sprinkler(s) is ON if either temperature alarm (T) is ON and cooler alarm

(C) is ON or vent alarm (V) is OFF and cooler alarm (C) is ON. [8]

C S

INPUTS WORKING AREA OUTPUT

T C V NOT V T.C C. NOT V S
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 1

(b) Construct a diagram to illustrate system buses in a Von Neumann architecture.

[12]
Input and
CPU Memory Output
SYSTEM BUS

Control bus

Address bus

Data bus

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2. (a) Illustrate with a diagram, the buses connecting the processor to memory. [5]

CPU
PC
MBR Data bus

MAIN MEMORY
CIR

SR

MAR Address bus

General Purpose
Register

(b) With the aid of a diagram, show how pipelining can increase the throughput of
a computer. [5]

Fetch Decode Execute

Instruction 1
Instruction 2 Instruction 1
Instruction 3 Instruction 2 Instruction 1
Instruction 3 Instruction 2
Instruction 3

(c) Draw a logic circuit represented by the statement below.

X= 1 if (A is NOT 1 AND B is NOT 1)

OR
(B is NOT 1 AND C is 1).

Provide the truth table [10]

B
X

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Section B [50 marks]

Answer any one question from this section.

3. (a) A gas board has about 500 customers, each with a gas meter identified by a
unique code of 8 digits which include a check digit. The meter readings are
taken every 3 months. If a meter cannot be read, an estimated reading is
calculated.

(i) Write specifications of the data structure for the customer including the
following details; field name, type size and validation. [4]

Type Customer
Surname : String(20)
Firstname : String (15)
MeterCode : integer (8)
Metereading : String (6)
EndType

(ii) Write a program that accepts gas meter code, previous reading, current
reading and calculates the amount of gas used using a rate of $3 per
kg., calculates the amount due for payment and displays the
information on the screen. [14]

Public Class Form1

Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

MyBase.Load

End Sub

Private Sub btnCal_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles

btnCal.Click
Dim name As String
Dim code As Integer
Dim previous, current As Integer
Dim Amt_Of_Gas_Used As Integer
Dim amtdue As Double

name = txtName.Text
code = txtCode.Text
previous = txtPrevious.Text
current = txtCurent.Text

Amt_Of_Gas_Used = current - previous

txtAmount.Text = Amt_Of_Gas_Used
amtdue = Amt_Of_Gas_Used * 3.0
txtAmtDue.Text = amtdue

End Sub
End Class

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(b) Write a program to grade marks for 12 courses for a college student. Use any
selection statement of your choice. The grades are as follows:

>= 75 Distinction
60 – 74 Merit
50 – 59 Pass
40 – 49 Supplementary
<=39 Fail [12]

Public Class Form5

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim name As String
Name = txtName.Text
ListBox1.Items.Add("NAME:" & vbTab & " " & name)
ListBox1.Items.Add("_____________________________________")

ListBox1.Items.Add("SUBJECT" & " " & "MARK" & " " & "GRADE")
End Sub

Private Sub btnClick_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnClick.Click

Dim Mark As Integer
Dim Subject As String
Dim grade As String

Subject = txtSubject.Text
Mark = Val(txtMark.Text)

If Mark >= 75 And Mark <= 100 Then

grade = "Distinction"
ElseIf Mark >= 60 And Mark <= 74 Then
grade = "Merit"
ElseIf Mark >= 50 And Mark <= 59 Then
grade = "Pass"
ElseIf Mark >= 40 And Mark <= 49 Then
grade = "Supplimentary"
Else
grade = "Pass"
End If
ListBox1.Items.Add(Subject & vbTab & " " & Mark & vbTab & " " & grade)
txtMark.Text = ""
txtSubject.Text = ""

End Sub
End Class

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(c) (i) Produce a trace table for the following algorithm using the number 8271. [4]

1 INPUT N
2 LET x = INT (N/10)
3 PRINT N – 10*x
4 IF x = 0 THEN STOP
5 N=x
6 GOTO 2

N x PRINT(N-10*x)
8271 827 1

827 82 7

82 8 2

8 0 8

(ii) Deduce the purpose of the algorithm. [1]

Print the original number in reverse order

(d) (i) Draw a flowchart of a program that reads a number of seconds from
the user and display the number of hours, minutes and seconds. For
example, if 10 000 is typed in, the program should display 2 hours, 46
minutes and 40 seconds. [6]

Start

Read # of seconds

Hours =Int(seconds / 3600) Display

hours

Minutes = Int((seconds Mod Display

3600) / 60) hours

seconds = seconds - ((hours

* 3600) + (minutes * 60))

Display
hours

Stop

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(ii) Write a program and print the source code for the scenario in (i). [9]

Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim seconds, seconds1, hours, minutes As Integer

seconds = Val(TextBox1.Text)

hours = Int(seconds / 3600)

minutes = Int((seconds Mod 3600) / 60)
seconds = seconds - ((hours * 3600) + (minutes * 60))

Label3.Text = hours
Label4.Text = minutes
Label5.Text = seconds

End Sub
End Class

4. (a) Study the following algorithm:

1 x=1
2 repeat
3 A=x*x
4 Output X, A
5 X=x+1
6 Until x = 3
7 End

Using a trace table, dry run the algorithm. [8]

X A OUTPUT
1 1 1, 1
2 4 2, 4
3 9 3, 9

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(b) Factorial is a mathematical function which is defined as follows:

Factorial of n = n * factorial of n – 1
If n > 1
Otherwise factorial of 0 = 1

This function is defined for all positive integers, i.e. whole numbers greater or
equal to zero.
n* factorial (n – 1) where x > 0
Factorial (n) =
1 where x = 0

Code a recursive function which returns the factorial, given a positive integer
argument. [9]

Function factorial(ByVal n As Integer) As Integer

If n = 0 Then
Return 1
Else
Return n * factorial(n - 1)
End If
End Function

(c) A bank allows its customers to invest a minimum of $500 and accrue interest
using the interest rates below:

Amount invested interest rate

>= 50 and <= 1000 10%
> 1000 and <= 2000 15%
>2000 20%

(i) Design and print an interface for the above scenario. [3]

(ii) Code a program that

 Accepts the invested amount and number of years,
 Calculates interest, balance and interest rate

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 Displays interest, rate, balance, invested amount and number of

years [30]
Public Class Form1

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim amount_invested As Double
Dim number_of_years As Integer
Dim interest, interest_rate, balance As Double

amount_invested = TextBox1.Text
number_of_years = TextBox2.Text

If amount_invested >= 500 And amount_invested <= 1000 Then

interest_rate = 0.1
ElseIf amount_invested > 1000 And amount_invested <= 2000 Then
interest_rate = 0.15

ElseIf amount_invested > 2000 Then

interest_rate = 0.2
End If
interest = (interest_rate * amount_invested * number_of_years)
balance = amount_invested + interest

ListBox1.Items.Add("Amount invested is:" & amount_invested)

ListBox1.Items.Add("Number of years are" & number_of_years)
ListBox1.Items.Add("Interest rate is:" & interest_rate)
ListBox1.Items.Add("Interest:" & interest)
ListBox1.Items.Add("Balance:" & balance)

End Sub
End Class

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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any one question from this section

5. (a) In a library database, authors have written books about various subjects.
Different libraries in the system may carry those books. Authors have ID
number, name, and telephone number. Books have an ISDN and title. Subjects
have a subject name. Libraries have a library name.

Produce a normalised ER diagram to depict the scenario above. [14]

ISDN Title Name

Library name ID #

Libraries
1 carry M Books
M Written M Authors

Tel#
various

Subject

ISDN

(b) A supermarket sells groceries to customers on account. The shopkeeper then

produces an invoice as shown below produces an invoice as shown below

Customer A/C 6065913 Date: 21/01/17

Ruth Chakanyuka Time: 10:42 am
Ngozil Mine INV: D10059012
Bulawayo
Cell: 0772 023 011
Code Qty Description Unit Sub Total
60092317651 10 Chimombe milk 500ml 0.65 6.50
60051621153 1 Mazoe Raspberry 2L 2.39 2.39
60031005913 4 Bakers In Superior 0.90 3.60

Sub Total 10.62

VAT Tax @15.06 1.87
Total 12.49

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(i) Present all the information in the above invoice as a database in first Normal
Cust CustName Cell # Date City Code Qty Description Unit Sub
A/C Total
6065913 Ruth 0772 023 21/01/17 Bulawayo 60092317651 10 Chimombe milk 0.65 6.50
Chakanyuka 011 500ml
6065913 Ruth 0772 023 21/01/17 Bulawayo 60051621153 1 Mazoe Raspberry 2.39 2.39
Chakanyuka 011 2L
6065913 Ruth 0772 023 21/01/17 Bulawayo 60031005913 4 Bakers In Superior 0.90 3.60
Chakanyuka 011

(ii) Normalise your answer in (i) into second Normal Form showing all
relationships amongst the resulting tables. [12]
Cust A/C CustName Cell # City

6065913 Ruth 0772 023 011 Bulawayo

Chakanyuka
6065913 Ruth 0772 023 011 Bulawayo
Chakanyuka
6065913 Ruth 0772 023 011 Bulawayo
Chakanyuka

Code Qty Description Date Cust A/C Unit Sub Total

6065913
60092317651 10 Chimombe milk 21/01/17 0.65 6.50
500ml
6065913
60051621153 1 Mazoe Raspberry 2L 21/01/17 2.39 2.39
6065913
60031005913 4 Bakers In Superior 21/01/17 0.90 3.60

The two tables are related using the Customer Account number

6. (a) There are persons at a school. Each person has a surname, first name,
Registration number and address. The person can be an employee or a student.
Each employee has a salary while each student has a class. The employee can
be a teacher or ancillary worker. Each teacher has an E.C. number and leave
days. Each ancillary worker is paid according to hours worked.

Draw a normalised ER diagram to illustrate the above scenario. [15]

finame

surnam Person Can be Student class

e

Reg.#
addres
s
Employee salary
surname

Can be Teacher E.C #

Leave
days
Hours
Ancillary
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(b) A company realised that some of its customers are defaulting in payment. It is
decided to add an extra file for the debtors, which include the following fields:
Customer name, address, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 120 days.

The company wants to produce a mailing list for customers with 60 days debts
of at least $30, in descending order of debts.

Write an SQL statement to retrieve the required information. [8]

SELECT Customer name, address, 60 days

FROM Debtors
WHERE 60 days >= $30
ORDERED BY 60 days DESC;

(c) One of the debtors, Mr Mara has fully cleared his debt. The company wants to
remove his name from the list,

Write the correct command for this action. [3]

DELETE FROM Debtors WHERE Customer name = “Mr Mara”

(d) Create a database and show how to connect the IDE language. [4]

CREATE DATABASE Employees

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A’ level past exam papers

SPECIMEN PAPER 2 6023/2

SECTION A

1. a) Given the following logic statement:

X=1 if (A=1 AND B=NOT 1) OR (B=1 AND C=NOT 1);

(i) draw the logic circuit, [6]

A AND

B NO OR X
T

AN
D
C NO
T

(ii) Create the truth table. [8]

A B C X

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

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A’ level past exam papers

b) Draw a well-labelled diagram that illustrates how a processor, 1/0 devices and the
memory unit are linked by connections known as buses.
[6]

PROCESSOR I/O DEVICES MEMORY

Address Bus

Data Bus

Control Bus

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A’ level past exam papers

2. a) Produce a flowchart showing the 3 stages of the straight line sequencing of the fetch-
execute cycle, describing each stage. [8]

Start

yes

CPU
activated

Copy contents of PC to MAR

Fetch instruction and place in MDR

Fetch

Copy instruction from MDR to CIR

Increment PC by 1

Decode instruction

Decode No No
Is it an add Jump
instructionYes instructi
? on?
yes

Load the address part

Load operand part of instruction in
of the instruction into
MAR
the PC
Execute
Copy data item of address in MAR to
MDR

Add contents of MDR to

accumulator

End

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A’ level past exam papers

(b) Draw a diagram that illustrates the sequence of instructions that are

carried out during interrupt servicing. [8]

CPU
1

device driver initiates i/o

2
initiates I/O

CPU executing checks for

Interrupts between instructions
3

7 CPU receiving interrupt, 4 input ready, output

transfers control to interrupt complete, or error generates
handler interrupt signal

interrupt handler process

data, returns from interrupt

CPU resumes processing of

interrupted task

(c) Draw a well-labelled diagram showing the structure of Harvard computer architecture.
[4]

Harvard architecture

Program Processor Data Memory

memory

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A’ level past exam papers

SECTION B

3. The following is an array named Exams that stores 5 examination marks. Index
positions are in square brackets below the array elements.
Exams

50 60 30 43 19
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

a) Produce a binary tree of the array elements. [5]

50

30 60

19 43
0

b) Assuming that the element 50 is completely deleted and removed from the tree structure
drawn in (a), draw the new binary tree structure after 50 has been removed. [2]

60

30

c) -Using the binary tree diagram drawn in (a) and the Exams array structure, complete the
19
table below to illustrate how a binary
43 tree can be implemented using an array.

Data Left Pointer Right Pointer

Exams [0] 50 2 1
Exams [1] 60 0 0
Exams [2] 30 4 3
Exams [3] 43 0 0
Exams [4] 19 0 0
[8]

d) Using a programming language of your choice;

(i) declare the Exams array as in this question paper. [3]

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A’ level past exam papers

Using Vb.net

Dim Exam(4) As Integer = {50, 60, 30, 43, 19}

(ii) declare a 2-dimensional array called STUDENTS that stores student names
using 4 rows and 3 columns. [4]

Dim STUDENTS (3, 2) As String

e) Write a program code that implements a linear search algorithm to find the value 19 from
the array Exams. If the value exists in the array, it displays the message “Value has been
Found”, otherwise it displays “Value does not exist”. Use a text editor to type the program
code. [17]

Module Module1

Sub Main()
Dim Exams As Integer() = New Integer(5) {11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21}
Console.WriteLine("")
Console.WriteLine("What number do you want to search for?")
Dim searchKey As Integer = Console.ReadLine
Dim element As Integer = LinearSearch(searchKey, Exams)
If element <> -1 Then
Console.WriteLine("Value has been found in index " & element)
Else
Console.WriteLine("Value Not Found")
End If
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to close")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub8
Function LinearSearch(ByVal key As Integer, ByVal numbers As Integer()) As Integer
Dim n As Integer
' structure iterates linearly through array
For n = 0 To numbers.GetUpperBound(0)
If numbers(n) = key Then
Return n
End If
Next
Return -1
End Function ' LinearSearch

End Module

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A’ level past exam papers

f) A sailing club has both junior and senior members. Each member has a unique
membership number, name and address recorded. Three classes have been identified,
namely:

Member, Junior Member, Senior Member

The classes Junior Member and Senior Member are related by single inheritance to the
class member

i) Draw an inheritance diagram for the classes. [3]

Member
membership #
name
address

Junior Member Senior Member

membership # = 231
membership # =678
name = Peter
name= John
address
address

ii) Programs that use objects of the class member need to add a new member‟s details and
show member‟s details and also amend a member‟s details. No other form of access is to
be allowed. Write a class definition for this class.

member = class [8]

Member = Class
(Procedure) AddNewMembers; }
(Procedure) AmendMembers; } ;
(Procedure)ShowMembers; }

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A’ level past exam papers

Private ;
MembershipNo : Integer
Name : String;
Address : String; ;;
End;

4 (a) Using a looping structure of your choice, write a program which outputs the following
result.

************
***********
**********
*********
********
*******
******
*****
****
***
**
* [12]

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As

Object, e As EventArgs) Handles
Button1.Click
Dim pattern(0 To 12, 0 To 12) As
Char
Const j = 0
For m = 0 To 12
For n = 0 To 12 - m

pattern(m, n) = InputBox("Enter
the pattern for" & m & "" & n)
Next n
Next m
For i = 0 To 12

lstResults.Items.Add(pattern(i, j) &
pattern(i, j + 1) & pattern(i, j + 2) &
pattern(i, j + 3) & pattern(i, j + 4) &
pattern(i, j + 5) & pattern(i, j + 6) &
pattern(i, j + 7) & pattern(i, j + 8) &
pattern(i, j + 9) & pattern(i, j + 10) &
pattern(i, j + 11) & pattern(i, j + 12))

Next i

End Sub
End Class

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A’ level past exam papers

Using console application

Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim i, j As Integer
For i = 0 To 11
For j = 1 To 8 - i
Console.Write("*")
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Next
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module

(b) Modify the code you wrote in (a) so that it prints the shape upside down. [6]

Public Class Form1

End Sub
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As End Class
Object, e As EventArgs) Handles
btnClick.Click, btnClick.Click

Dim pattern(0 To 12, 0 To 12) As

Char
Const j = 0
For m = 0 To 12
For n = 0 To m - 1

pattern(m, n) = InputBox("Enter
the pattern for" & m & "" & n)
Next n
Next m
For i = 0 To 12
lstResult.Items.Add(pattern(i, j) &
pattern(i, j + 1) & pattern(i, j + 2) &
pattern(i, j + 3) & pattern(i, j + 4) &
pattern(i, j + 5) & pattern(i, j + 6) &
pattern(i, j + 7) & pattern(i, j + 8) &
pattern(i, j + 9) & pattern(i, j + 10) &
pattern(i, j + 11) & pattern(i, j + 12))
Next i

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A’ level past exam papers

Using console application

Module Module1

Sub Main()
Dim i, j As Integer
For i = 0 To 11
For j = 0 To i
Console.Write("*")
Next
Console.WriteLine()
Next
Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

(c) The following is a pseudo code of a program that was designed to add 10 positive
numbers.

1. Counter = 1
2. For counter = 1to 10
3. Repeat
4. Print “Enter a positive whole number”
5. Input number
6. Until number <0
7. Total = Total + counter
8. Counter = counter +1
9. Output Total
10. Next

(i) The pseudo code contains several errors. Identify and write down all the errors.
[7]

Line Error
1 No need to initialise the counter it is initialised in the For loop
2&3 Cannot use both the For and Repeat –Until statements together. Only one is
needed
5 Input number must be below the Repeat statement
6 Wrong statement It must be Until counter = 10
6 Until statement is wrong. It must be until count = 10
7 Number must be added instead of the counter
8 This statement is not needed when we use the For--Loop
9 Output statement must be the last statement
A’ level past exam papers

(ii) Rewrite the algorithm so that it is effective and error free. [5]

1. Total = 0
2. For count = 1 to 10
3. Input number
4. Total = Total + number
5. Next count
6. Output Total

OR
1. Count = 0
2. Total = 0
3. Repeat
4. Input number
5. Total =total + number
6. Count = count + 1
7. Until count = 10

(d) Write a program that accepts names of 30 students and the marks they obtain in a test.
The program then displays the name, mark and grade in one line. Grades are obtained using
the following grading scale:

70 – 100 A
60 – 69 B
50 – 59 C
45 – 49 D
40 – 44 E
0 – 39 F
A’ level past exam papers

Public Class Form2

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim num As Integer
Dim Student(29) As String
Dim grade As Char
Dim marks As Integer
lstNames.Items.Add("Name"& " " & vbTab & "" &"Mark" &" "& vbTab &"" &
"Grade")
lstNames.Items.Add("-------------------------------------------")
For num = 0 To 29
Student(num) = InputBox("Enter the customer name", "Enter Name")
marks = InputBox("Enter the mark")
'Calculate grades
Select Case marks
Case 70 To 100
grade = "A"
Case 60 To 69
grade = "B"
Case 50 To 59
grade = "C"
Case 45 To 49
grade = "D"
Case 40 To 44
grade = "E"
Case 0 To 39
grade = "F"
Case Else
MsgBox("Invalid Input")
End Select
lstNames.Items.Add(Student(num) & vbTab & marks & vbTab & grade)
Next
End Sub
End Class

Private Sub Button2_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click

Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
A’ level past exam papers

Public Class Form1

Dim grade As Char

Dim mark As Integer
Dim num(29) As Integer
Dim index As Integer
Dim name As String

Private Sub Button2_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click

lstresult.Items.Add("Name" & " " & vbTab & "" & "Mark" & " " & vbTab & "" &
"Grade")
End Sub

Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

Dim name As String
name = TextBox1.Text
mark = TextBox2.Text
Select Case mark
Case 70 To 100
grade = "A"
Case 60 To 69
grade = "B"
Case 50 To 59
grade = "C"
Case 45 To 49
grade = "D"
Case 40 To 44
grade = "E"
Case 0 To 39
grade = "F"
Case Else
MsgBox("Invalid Input")
A’ level past exam papers

End Select
If index <= 30 Then
lstresult.Items.Add(name & vbTab & mark & vbTab & grade)
TextBox1.Clear()
TextBox1.Focus()
TextBox2.Clear()
index = index + 1
Else
MsgBox("The array is full")
End If
End Sub
End Class

SECTION C

5. The following is an un-normalised table named Delivery Note.

Delivery Note

Cust Cust City Country Prod Numb Prod Description

Numb Name

209 Peter Mutare Zim 19, 20, 21, 22 Bag, shoes, socks,
Umbrella
198 Bruce Gwanda Zim 20, 21 Shoes, socks

(a) (i) Draw the 1NF of the above table. Underline Primary Key field(s). [5]

Cust Numb Cust Name City Country Prod Numb Prod

Description

209 Peter Mutare Zim 19 Bag

20 shoes
21 socks
22 umbrella
198 Bruce Gwanda Zim 20 Shoes
21 socks

(ii) Come up with the 2NF of the table you created, indicating Primary Key field(s).
[14]
 A’ level past exam papers

Delivery note

Cust Numb Cust Name City Country Prod Numb

209 Peter Mutare Zim 19

20
21
22
198 Bruce Gwanda Zim 20
21

Product
Prod Numb Prod
Description

19 Bag
20 shoes
21 socks
22 umbrella
20 Shoes
21 socks

(b) A shop sells drinks. The shop has name, address and licenceno fields. Drinks have
name and manufacturer fields. Customers like drinks. Customers have name and
address.
Draw an ER Diagram to illustrate the above relationship. [11]

address
manufacturer

nam Shop
Sells Drinks name
ee

licencen
o
likes

name customers

address
 A’ level past exam papers

6. At ABC High School, a teacher teaches many subjects. A student enrols in many subjects
and attends four lessons per week for each subject. Each subject is taught by several
teachers.

Draw an entity-relation diagram to show relationships between the entities. On the

diagram, show the primary key and at least one attribute for each entity.
[15]

SubjectID
N taught 1
TeacherI
title
D

teache Subjects
Teacher s
1 N
attend
s
enrols N

name

StudentID Student
1

address

(b) (i) Draw a well-labelled diagram showing the different views of the Database
Management System Structure. [8]

External level (view) Users‟ view VIEW 1 VIEW 1 ... VIEW n

Conceptual level Conceptual Schema

Internal Schema

Internal Level

Database
Physical data Organisation
A’ level past exam papers

(ii) Using examples, describe the different views of the Database Management System.
7]

External level (view)

 Users‟ view of the database.
 It refers to different views of the data seen by each user of the database.
 Each user of a database has his/her own views of the database, e.g. general database users
see and describe the database differently as done by the managers because they have
different views of the same database.
 Describes that part of database that is relevant to a particular user.
 Thus other users cannot view some data that the managers can views.
Conceptual (logical) Level (view)
 It is seen as an integration of all user views of the data
 This is an abstract representation of the whole database.
 Describes what data is stored in database and relationships among the data
 Describes the data as seen by the application that is making use of the DBMS
 Involves identification of entity types, unique identifiers,
 Logical level describes what data are stored in the database
 Describes what relationships exist among those data.
 Logical level describes the entire database in terms of a small number of simple
structures.
 Database administrator uses the logical level of abstraction.
Internal level (view)
 Physical representation of the database on the computer.
 Describes how the data is stored in the database
 It refers to the structure used for storage of data.
 Also called the physical level
 It encompasses the logical arrangements of the data for storage.
 Describes how data will be stored on the physical media
 The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail

A’ level past exam papers

SPECIMEN PAPER 2 9195

1 (a) Explain the term:

(i) data integrity, [1]

Data integrity refers to the completeness and correctness of data

during processing, storage, copying and transmission.

(ii) data privacy, [1]

Data privacy refers to confidentiality of data. It involves trying to
prevent unauthorised access to data, accidental disclosure through
inappropriate procedures, such as placing un-shredded documents in a
waste bin, leaving a computer screen at a reception desk visible to
visitors

(iii) data security, [1]

Data security involves the use of various methods to make sure that
data are correct and kept confidential and safe. Data security includes
ensuring the integrity and the privacy of data as well as preventing the
loss or destruction of the data.

(iv) biometric system. [1]

Biometric security is a security mechanism used to authenticate and

provide access to a facility or system based on the automatic and
instant verification of an individual's physical characteristics

(b) Discuss any three biometric techniques. [6]

Fingerprint recognition - This is the most popular method of authentication

that is used and it's based on the valleys and ridges that are unique on every
person‟s fingers.

Facial recognition - It works by analysing the facial characteristics that

identifies a person and is used for surveillance and identification purposes.

Iris recognition - this involves looking at the ring around the pupil of your
eye, which is uniquely coloured.

Palm Prints - combines the ridge flow and ridge structure of a palm to
identify a person. It works by capturing the vein pattern image of an individual
while radiating it with near-infrared rays. Its specialty is that it can detect the
vein pattern on the human palm with utmost precision

2. Explain the following:

A’ level past exam papers

(a) character set, [2]


The complete set of characters that the computer uses, e.g. ASCII and
UNICODE.
 Each of the characters in a character set must have its own binary value
which is the code by which the computer can recognise it.
(b) ASCII, [2]

 American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

 The system uses 7 bits to represent each character and the eighth bit as a
means of checking the rest.
 128 different characters can be represented in the standard ASCII
character set.

(c) EBCDIC. [2]

 Extended Binary coded Decimal Interchange code.

 Uses 8 bits to encode each character
 Used by mainframe computers

3. (a) Using the binary number 11100111111101 as an example, show how to use
the binary representation of a number to work out its value in hexadecimal
with minimum amount of calculation. [3]

0011 1001 1111 1101

3 9 F D = 39FD16

(b) A floating point number system uses 8-bit numbers, 5 bits for the mantissa and
3 bits for exponent. Convert the following binary number to denary 01101010
[2]
01101 010
0.1101 +2
011.01 = 3.25

(c) Using an 8-bit byte for the mantissa and an 8- bit byte for the exponent,
show – 15 ½ as a 2 byte, normalised, floating point number. [4]

00001111.1

11110000.1 = 1.0000100 0–4

= 10000100 11111100

4. (a) Describe the purpose of each of the following parts of a DBMS.

(i) Data dictionary, [2]

 It is a table holding information about a database

 A file (table) with description of the structure of data held in a
database
A’ level past exam papers

(ii) Data Manipulation Language (DML). [2]

DML is used to select, insert, update, or delete data in the objects

defined with DDL

(b) Every student in a school belongs to a Form. Every Form has a Form Tutor.
All the form tutors are teachers and some teachers are part-time. Some forms
have more than one Form Tutor although no Form Tutor can teach more than
one form. Students are identified by a student-ID and each form has a unique
form name.

Draw an ERD to show the relationship between the entities student, form and
Form Tutor. Student_ID Form_name
[6]

Student 1 belong
1 1 Form
s
1
1
teach
have es

M 1
Teachers are
Form Tutor

are part
time

5. (a) (i) Draw a diagram to represent the Von Newmann Architecture. [4]

Address bus
Memory CPU
Data bus

I/O ports
A’ level past exam papers

n (ii) Explain the role of an accumulator in the Fetch Execute Cycle. [2]

 A general-purpose register used to accumulate results of it

processing
 is where the results from other operations are stored temporarily
before being used by other processes.
 Used for performing arithmetic functions

(iii) With the aid of a diagram, illustrate the Fetch Execute Cycle. [4]

Start

CPU activated

Copy contents of PC to MAR

Fetch instruction and place in MDR

Copy instruction from MDR to CIR

Increment PC by 1

Decode instruction

Is it an add Jump
instruction? instructi
on?

Load the address part of the

Load operand part of instruction in MAR instruction into the PC

Copy data item of address in MAR to

MDR

Add contents of MDR to accumulator

End
 A’ level past exam papers

No

Start Any Fetch next Decode Execute Any Transfer control

Yes instruction interrupts to yes to interrupt
instruction to instruction instruction
execute be processed handling
program

b) Compare features of the Von Newmann Architecture and the Harvard

Architecture. [4]

a) Von Neumann Architecture b) Harvard Architecture

 The data and program processing that data  Contains two separate areas for
are stored in the same memory commands or instructions and data
 Has only one bus which is used for both  Use separate buses for data and
data transfers and instruction fetches commands

6. (a) The following is a logic circuit

C
Write a logic statement that describes the above logic circuit. [3]

X = 1 If ((NOT A AND B) OR (NOT BOR C)) AND (NOT C)

(b) Use a diagram to represent the XOR gate. [3

7. (a) Draw the diagram for the OSI Model. [7]

A’ level past exam papers

THE OSI MODEL LAYERS

(b) Describe the following protocols as they are related to TCP/IP suite:

(i) TCP [2]

The transmission control protocol (TCP) potion divides the

data/message that is transmitted into smaller pieces called packets.

(ii) IP [2]
The IP portion sends each packet by specifying the address of both the
sending and receiving computers.

(iii) HTTP [2]

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to transfer the files

that make up the Web pages of the World Wide Web

(c) State which layer each of the protocols in (b) belong to. [3]

TCP - Transport layer

IP - Network layer

HTP - Application layer

8. (a) Explain the term Domain Name System (DNS). [2]

DNS is a distributed database of information that is used to translate domain

names which are easy for humans to remember and use into IP addresses.

(b) Distinguish between private IP and public IP. [2]

Public IP Address Private IP Address

 can be accessed over the  used to assign computers within your space
Internet without letting them directly expose to the
 is globally unique IP Internet
A’ level past exam papers

address assigned to a  it is allocated by InterNIC (network

computer device Information centre) to allow organisations to
create their own private network

9 (a) Explain the difference between static and dynamic data structures. [2]

Dynamic data structure Static data structure

 space allocated before compilation  pace allocated during compilation
 change size when program is  do not change size when program
running
(b) The details of a car part are stored in a binary tree according to the following algorithm.

Read Value New Part

Start at Root Node
While Node Not Empty Do
If New- Part < Value At Node
Then follow Left Subtree
Else
Follow Right subtree
Endif
End While
Insert New- Part At Node
End

(i) Show the binary tree after the following values have been input
Rusape, Victoria Falls, Bulawayo, Triangle, Alaska, West
Nichelson. [3]

Rusape

Bulawayo Vic.
Falls

Alaska Triangle West

Nichelson

(ii) Illustrate an algorithm using a flowchart for a program that accepts two
numbers A and B. If A>B then display “A is bigger”, if A<B then
display “B is bigger” else display “A and B are equal” [6]
A’ level past exam papers

Start

Input A & B

Yes Display A is
Is A > B
bigger

No

Yes Display B is
Is A <B
bigger

No

Display A =B

stop

(c) Arrange the following numbers in ascending order using the bubble sort
algorithm 17 8 2 11 0 [4]

Original list P1 P2 P3 P4

17 8 2 2 0

8 2 8 0 2

2 11 0 8 8

11 0 11 11 11

0 17 17 17 17

10. A software company has developed a new product for industrial usage.
(a) Define e-business. [1]
e-bussiness is doing business and providing services over the internet.

(b) Outline how an organisation can use any 3 Ps of marketing in launching and
marketing this newly developed product. [9]

Product

In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy
a want or need. Managing the product includes product planning, product
A’ level past exam papers

development, product design, product mix, product innovation, standardisation and

branding. Positioning is an important aspect which helps the people to categorize the
product. Positioning is “how organisations want their consumers to see their
product”. What message about the product or service is the company trying to put
across?
Price

The management is required to determine the basis for fixing the price of the product
and then establish policies for dealing with discounts, subsidies, freight payments and
price related situation. Various Pricing strategies generally adopted by the firms are:

 Penetration Pricing Strategy: Here the product is introduced throughout the

market at a lower cost. The strategy aims to encourage customers to switch to the
new product because of the lower price.
 Skimming Pricing Strategy: Skimming pricing strategy emphasizes on launching
the product at a high price. This strategy is effective when the potential market
size is limited, buyers are willing to pay high price and potential competition is
limited.
Promotion

It includes all the activities carried out to make people aware about the product.
Advertising, Personal selling and various promotional programmes are the major
activities which do the work of informing and persuading the prospects to buy the
products. Advertising is any paid form of personal or non-personal communication. It
is a notice or an announcement to the public with the use of printing materials,
pictures, or written words, audio or visual media.

Push & Pull strategies of Promotion are:

Push Strategy: A “Push” promotional strategy uses company‟s sales force and trade
promotion activities to generate consumer demand for a product. The manufacturer
promotes the product to wholesalers, wholesalers promote it to retailers and retailers
promote it to consumers. Here the product is pushed on to the final consumer
therefore the name- Push.

Pull strategy: A “Pull” strategy is based on huge advertisements and promotional

activities carried out by the manufacturer to create demand for the product.
Consumer pull the product through the distribution channel forcing the wholesalers
and retailers to stock it, hence the name pull strategy.

Depending upon the decision relating to the amount to be spent on promotion one can
decide how to promote a product effectively which reaches the target audience.