CONSTELLATIONS

for SCIENCE Grade 9

Quarter 3 / Week 8

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 FOREWORD

The Department of Education through the Bureau of

Curriculum Development Curriculum Standards
Development Division has crafted the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELCS) for teachers to address
the needs and demands brought about by the pandemic.

This kit will help our learner understand the relationship

between the visible constellations in the sky and Earth’s
position along its orbit.

This will enable them to figure out which constellations

may be observed at different times of the year.

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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to:
K: Define constellations.
S: Discover why some constellations are not seen at different
months of the year.
A: Recognize how early people used constellations in their daily
activities.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Show which constellations may be observed at different times
of the year using models. (S9ES-IIIj35)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Yes, you see star

clusters arranged in a
definite pattern. To
learn more about it,
answer first the Pre-test.

Have you ever experienced

observing the sky on a clear
dark night and recognized
loose group of stars arranged “Coloring Book
in a pattern? Teacher Vector
Image on
VectorStock.” n.d.
VectorStock.
Accessed
December 15, 2021.

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

A. Directions: Copy this crossword puzzle in your notebook, then

try to identify the terms based on the descriptions given below.

4
1

3 5

ACROSS:
1. A number of people or things that are together or in the
same place.
2. A repeated form or design.
3. The thought of how something looks or might look.

DOWN:
4. An area on the celestial sphere in which imaginary group of
visible stars formed.
5. One of the objects in space that are made of burning gas
and that look like points of light on the night sky.

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B. Directions: Answer the following questions in your notebook by
choosing from the selections inside the box.

Orion Stars Polaris Sun Great Dipper

1. It is commonly known as the North Star and it is the brightest

star in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper). ___________

2. A constellation is a group of visible ________ that form a pattern

when viewed from Earth.

3. Constellations may be only visible during certain seasons due

to the earth`s orbit around the _________.

4. The constellation Ursa Major is also known as _________.

5. It is the constellation which is associated by the early people as

the coming of the cold season. ___________

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

When you look at the night sky, what do you see? Do you see
patterns of animals or objects? Observers in ancient times also
imagined group of stars that form patterns of animals, objects and
people. These imaginary group of stars
are called constellations.

On a clear night sky, you can see

millions of stars of various brightness.
Some appears to be very bright, and
there are also some which are not. This
apparent brightness of stars depends on
some factors, such as the stars’ size,
temperature, color and its distance from
the observer on Earth.
star. 2013. “Constellation Pegasus
Star in the Night Sky Vector Image
on VectorStock.” VectorStock.
October 14, 2013.

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 Many of these constellations have names that can be traced
back to early Babylonians and Greek civilizations, but
nearly all cultures have different names
for the constellations. For example, the
Greeks called the large constellation
Orion, which means hunter and is
prominent in the night sky all over the
world during winter. Early Filipinos
visualized the same group of stars as
Balatik, a trap used in hunting wild pigs.
Christian Filipinos named the three stars
(Orion’s belt) Tatlong Maria or Tres Marias.
“Pin by AdventSource on VBS
2014 | Orion Constellation,
Constellations, Orion.” n.d.
Pinterest. Accessed December
15, 2021.

Some examples of constellations.

“Night Sky with Taurus Constellation

“Night Sky with Gemini Constellation
Vector Image on VectorStock.” n.d.
Vector Image on VectorStock.” n.d.
VectorStock. Accessed December 15,
VectorStock. Accessed December 15,
2021.
2021.

Is there an apparent movement of the stars through the night?

By observing the Sun’s movement and position in the sky, we

can tell what time of the day it is. When it seems to rise in the east,
it is morning. When it is above us, it is noon. When it seems to move

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towards the west, it is afternoon. At night, stars are used to tell the
time. Just like the sun, stars also seem to move from east to west.

Why are some constellations only visible at particular months?

Different Constellations throughout the Year

The Earth’s revolution

enables us to see different
constellations in the sky at
different times of the year.
For example, is the
constellation Ursa Minor
(Little Dipper) where
Polaris, also known as the
“Pin on Tattoos.” n.d. Pinterest.
Accessed December 15, 2021. brightest star, is found.

It is very close to the

north celestial pole, making it the current northern pole star.
Because it lies nearly in a direct line with the axis of the Earth’s
rotation “above” the north pole. Polaris stands almost motionless in
the sky, and all the stars of the Northern sky appear to rotate around
it.
The Polaris is widely used in navigation because it does not
change its position at any time of the night or year. Also, one can
figure out his/her latitude just by looking at how high Polaris appears
in the night sky. This allowed sailors to find their way as they sail
across the seas.

To locate the
Polaris, face North
and locate the Big
Dipper. Two stars
(Merak and Dubhe) in
the Big Dipper are
called the pointer stars
because they seem to
Miller, James. 2015. “Star Constellation Facts: point to Polaris.
Ursa Minor -.” October 12, 2015.

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 In Metro Manila, when you face North, Polaris, which is 11.3 o
from the horizon, is seen at around 15° due to atmospheric
refraction. In some parts of the country (i.e. Southern Philippines), it
would be very difficult to locate Polaris since starlights near the
horizon are washed out by lights lit by men, and /or obstructed by
man-made or topographical structures and/or trees.

The following photograph shows the different night sky at

different months in Manila facing North.

Notice that different patterns are formed on different months.

This is due to earth’s revolution.

March Night Sky

(9 p.m.)
Source: Science
Learner’s Module 9
Page: 220

June Night Sky

(9 p.m.)
Source: Science
Learner’s Module 9
Page: 221

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 September Night Sky
(9 p.m.)
Source: Science
Learner’s Module 9
Page: 221

December Night Sky

(9 p.m.)
Source: Science
Learner’s Module 9
Page: 222

Constellations prominent during different seasons of the earth.

(Spring) Bootes, Cancer, Crates, Hydra, Leo, Virgo

March
(Summer) (Winter)
Ophiuchus Eridanus
Scorpius Orion
Sagitarius June Globe Cetus
Aquila Sun Gemini
December
Cygnus Persues
Hercules Taurus
Lyra September Canis Major

(Autumn) Pegasus, Andromeda, Aquarius, Capricornus, Pisces

While the rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the apparent
nightly movement of the stars across the sky, the revolution is
responsible for the fact that we can see different parts of the sky at
different parts of the year.
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 An observer from Earth will be able to see the stars that are on
the night side. The stars on the same side as the sun cannot be seen
because sunlight overpowers all the star lights.
During summer in the Philippines, the constellations of Orion
and Taurus are not visible at night. They will be visible again as the
cold season begins. During this time, Scorpius will not be seen in the
night sky.

How Early People Used the Constellations

While constellations were associated with religion, they also
have practical uses. Before the calendars, people had no way of
determining when to sow or harvest except by looking at these
patterns in the sky. Ancient people developed a way to remember
the patterns by giving these patterns names and stories.
For example, in the northern hemisphere, the constellation
Orion indicates the coming of cold season. The constellations
made it easier for them to recognize and interpret patterns in the
sky. For example, Gemini is seen in the Philippines during the months
of April and May. Farmers interpreted the appearance of Gemini
as the end of planting season and it signified rich harvest.
Stars and Constellations Used by Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon
Local Month of Related Agricultural Activity Western
Name Appearance Equivalent
December
Baha Clearing of forest Taurus
to February
Start of planting what kind of
Pandarawa January crops to plant and how wide Pleiades
the area for planting should be
Start of planting and setting of
Balatik February traps to protect the crops from Orion’s Belt
animals
Planting of rice, corn or
Malihe March
vegetables
April and End of planting season, signifies
Gibbang Gemini
May rich harvest
Malara May Stop planting Canis Minor
Time to clean or clear the fields
Lepu Late May Aquila
while waiting for harvest time
Buyawa June Start of the rainy season
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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST
PART A. Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write
your answers in your science notebook.
1. A group of visible stars that form a pattern when viewed from
Earth.
a. Planets b. Patterns c. Stars d. Constellation

2. It is commonly known as the North star, and it is the brightest

star in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper).
a. Cygnus c. Gemini
b. Polaris d. Orion

3. Constellation may be only visible during certain seasons due

to the Earth`s orbit around the _________.
a. Sun c. Planets
b. World d. axis

4. The constellation Ursa Major is also known as _________.

a. Little Dipper c. Big Dipper
b. Orion d. None of these

5. The constellation which is associated by the early people as

the coming of the cold season.
a. Cygnus b. Polaris c. Gemini d. Orion

6. What constellation was named after a hunter from Greek

Mythology?
a. Cygnus c. Gemini
b. Polaris d. Orion

7. At the equator, the stars rise in the _________ and set in ______.
a. North, south c. east, east
b. East, west d. north, east

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8. As the earth rotates on its axis, the constellations and stars in
them appear to ___________:
a. Move across the sky c. stand still in the sky
b. Move around each other d. rotate
9. In what way are constellations useful?
a. To help locate stars c. to navigate
b. To know when to plant d. all of these
10. All the constellations are visible from anywhere on Earth
throughout the year.
a. True b. False

PART B. Directions: In the paragraph below, fill in the blanks with

the correct answer from the words inside the parenthesis. Write
your answers in you science notebook.

The North Star, also known as Polaris, is located

_____1_____(close/closest) to the celestial north pole. Travelers
usually refer to Polaris as a guiding _____2____ (stars/star) that
helps them to determine direction. We ___3____ (see/sees)
different times of the year because the ____4_____ moon/earth)
is traveling around the _____5_____ (sun/moon) and changes its
position in space.

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REFERENCES

“Coloring Book Teacher Vector Image on VectorStock.” n.d.

VectorStock. Accessed December 15, 2021.
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/coloring-
book-teacher-vector-33372096.

“Pin on Tattoos.” n.d. Pinterest. Accessed December 15, 2021.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/221872719122232977/.

Miller, James. 2015. “Star Constellation Facts: Ursa Minor -.”

October 12, 2015. https://www.astronomytrek.com/star-
constellation-facts-ursa-minor/.

“Night Sky with Taurus Constellation Vector Image on

VectorStock.” n.d. VectorStock. Accessed December 15,
2021. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-
vector/night-sky-with-taurus-constellation-vector-11699100.

“Night Sky with Gemini Constellation Vector Image on

VectorStock.” n.d. VectorStock. Accessed December 15,
2021. https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-
vector/night-sky-with-gemini-constellation-vector-11952877.

“Pin by AdventSource on VBS 2014 | Orion Constellation,

Constellations, Orion.” n.d. Pinterest. Accessed December 15,
2021. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/357684395377461147/.

star. 2013. “Constellation Pegasus Star in the Night Sky Vector

Image on VectorStock.” VectorStock. October 14, 2013.
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-
vector/constellation-pegasus-star-in-the-night-sky-vector-
1631451.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
CYNTHIA C. LARIOSA
EVELYN C. VENTOLERO
Writer
C-JAY C. LARIOSA
JANICE G. BERO
Illustrators/Lay-out Artists
ALPHA QA TEAM
LESTER C. PABALINAS
ARGELYN A. MAHUMOT
JULIET B. GANTALAO

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
LESTER C. PABALINAS
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to
provide accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros
Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to
comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed
to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is
subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent
from the division.

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SYNOPSIS
This Self Learning Kit discusses the
learning competency about the
constellations that may be observed at
different times of the year using models.
With this Self learning kit, the
learners are encouraging to read
carefully and to follow instructions in the
different activities to obtain better
understanding of the lesson.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

CYNTHIA CALDERON LARIOSA, graduated Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in General Science at
University of the Visayas, Cebu City, year 2000. She is
currently teaching at Jose B. Cardenas Memorial High
School-Main Campus at Canlaon City. An adviser of
Grade 10 students and the treasurer of JBCMHS
Mentor’s League. She had completed academic
requirements for Master of Arts in Education Major in
General Science at Central Philippine State University.

Evelyn Carido Ventolero is a BSED-General

Science graduate of Silliman University in
the year 2000. She is a Secondary School
Teacher III handling Earth Science subject
at Mabinay National High School.

LAY-OUT ARTIST
C-JAY C. LARIOSA
He is currently a Grade 11 student from Jose B.
Cardenas Memorial High School-Main Campus, Senior
High School, taking up STEM as his strand. He is a
member of Canlaon City Mountain Bikers Inc.

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