COMPUTER EDUCATION 9

1st Quarter Module

CHAPTER 1
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS (PCO)

INTRODUCTION
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to perform computer
operations. This includes inputting, accessing, producing, and transferring data using
appropriate hardware and software.

OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this module, the students/trainees must be able to:
1. Identify and explain the functions, general features and capabilities of both hardware
and software.
2. Prepare and use appropriate hardware and software according to task requirement.
3. Use appropriate devices and procedures to transfer files/data.
4. Produce accurate and complete data according to the requirements.
5. Maintain computer system.

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Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
• a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare
of people engaged in work or employment

Note: Knowing OHS is essential to minimize the hazards and risks not only to
students, trainers, and other people within the training institution but others who
will be affected.

• The goal of all OHS programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a

secondary effect, OHS may also protect co-workers, family members, employers,
customers, supplies, nearby communities, and other members of the public who
are impacted by the workplace environment

Occupational health as stated in Wikipedia, aims at:

• The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and
social well-being of workers in all occupations;
• The prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their
working conditions;
• The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health;
• The placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment
adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and
• The adaptation of work to man and each man to his job.

Reasons for occupational safety and standards are:

• Moral – and employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others
have associated with the work environment.
• Economic – many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health
performance results in cost to state
• Legal – OHS requirements maybe reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law

Objective of the OHS standard:

• To protect working man against the dangers of injury, sickness, or death through
safe and healthful working conditions, thereby assuring the conservation of
valuable manpower resources and the prevention of loss or damage to lives and
properties.

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DEFINE A COMPUTER

 An electronic machine that works under the control of stored programs to accept,
process & output data/information for use by the operator.
 A device that accepts data, processes the data in accordance with a stored program,
generates results, and usually consists of input, output, storage, and arithmetic, logic,
and control units.
 A functional unit that can perform substantial computation, including numerous
arithmetic operations or logic operations, without human intervention during a run.
 It is an electronic device/machine that accepts data (raw facts & figures) as input and
processes (works on it) to produce information (data converted to meaningful form)
as output.

ADVANTAGES:
• Searching of information
• Online businesses and easy transaction
• Instant communication
• Storage of vast amounts of information
• Fast development of technology of all kinds.

DISADVANTAGES:
• Leads exposure of sensitive information to kids
• Wastes of time and distraction
• Greater complexity of life
• Generates a lot of extra work
• Some people think we are becoming deskilled

CLASSES OF COMPUTERS

ANALOG
• It is a form of computer that uses continuous physical
phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic
quantities to model the problem being solved.

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 CALCULATOR
• It is a device that performs mathematical calculations,
distinguished from a computer by having a limited problem-
solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive
calculation rather than programming.

DESKTOP
• It is a personal computer (PC) in a form intended for
regular use at a single location, as opposed to a mobile
laptop or portable computer.

DESKTOP REPLACEMENT
• is a personal computer that provides the full capabilities of
a desktop computer while remaining mobile.

EMBEDDED
• is a special-purpose computer system designed
to perform one or a few dedicated functions,
often with real-time computing constraints.

LAPTOP
• It is a personal computer designed for mobile use that
is small enough to sit on one's lap.

MAINFRAME
• is a computer with a microprocessor as its central
processing unit.

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 MINICOMPUTER
• It is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle
range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest
multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest
single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).

MICROCOMPUTER
• It is a computer with a microprocessor as its central
processing unit. Another general characteristic of these
computers is that they occupy physically small amounts
of space when compared to mainframe and
minicomputers.

PORTABLE
• It is a computer that is designed to be moved
from one place to another and includes a display
and keyboard

PDA’S (PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT)

• It is a handheld computer, also known as a
palmtop computer

PLC PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

• is a digital computer used for automation of
electromechanical processes, such as control of
machinery on factory assembly lines, control of
amusement rides, or control of lighting fixtures.

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SERVER
• computer program that provides services to other
computer programs (and their users), in the same
or other computer

SUPER-COMPUTER
• is a computer that is at the frontline of current
processing capacity, particularly speed of
calculation.

TABLET PC
• is a laptop or slate-shaped mobile computer, equipped with a
touch screen or graphics tablet/screen hybrid technology
which allows the user to operate the computer with a stylus
or digital pen, or a fingertip, instead of a keyboard or mouse.

VIDEO GAME CONSOLE

• is an interactive entertainment computer or electronic
device that produces a video display signal which can be
used with a display device (a television, monitor, etc.) to
display a video game.

WORKSTATION
• is a high-end microcomputer designed for
technical or scientific applications.
Intended primarily to be used by one
person at a time, they are commonly
connected to a local area network and run
multi-user operating systems.

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PORTABLE DATA ENTRY TERMINALS
• are handheld devices that are used to record or capture
data away from the mainframe computer that they are
linked to.

CLASSIFICATION OF DEVICES
1. INPUT DEVICES
2. OUTPUT DEVICES
3. STORAGE DEVICES

INPUT DEVICES
▫ Any devices or peripherals used to provide data and controls signals to an
information processing system.

A. KEYBOARD
-Primary input device of most computer systems
-designed to enter text, characters, and other commands into the
computer.

Types of Keyboard:

1. AT (Advance Technology) Keyboard is a keyboard with 84 keys,

introduced with the PC / AT (1981).

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 NOTE: DIN (Deutsche Industrial
Normale) - is a series of uniformity standards
developed in Germany, which apply to
commonly manufactured items.

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 AT KEYBOARD PORT

2. PS/2 (Personal System/2) is used for connecting some keyboards and mice
to a PC compatible computer
system.

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 PS/2 CONNECTOR PS/2 PORT

3. USB KEYBOARD connects to your computer via a cable that goes into your
computer's USB port. USB keyboards are plain and simple plug-and-play
devices and they are extremely reliable.

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 4. INFRARED / IR KEYBOARDS defines physical specifications
communications protocol standards for the short-range exchange of data over
infrared light.

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 5. BLUETOOTH KEYBOARD is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range
communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances
from fixed and/or mobile devices.

B. MOUSE
• pointing device that lets you move the cursor or pointer on the screen
easier.

The FIRST MOUSE

SMAKY MOUSE

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TYPES OF MOUSE:

1. MECHANICAL MOUSE - has a rubber or metal ball on its underside and it can
roll in every direction.

How it works?
- Sensors within the mouse, which are mechanical, detect the
direction in which the ball is moving and moves the pointer on the
screen in the same direction. A mouse pad should be used under
the mouse to run on.

2. OPTOMECHANICAL MOUSE – is the same as the mechanical mouse except

that it uses optical sensors to the motion of the ball. The device is a combination
of optical and mechanical technologies, wherein, the ball is present but the
mouse movement is detected optically leading to more accuracy.

3. OPTICAL MOUSE - is a computer mouse which uses a light source, typically a

light-emitting diode, and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes, to
detect movement relative to a surface.

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MOUSE INTERFACE:

PS/2 Mouse

USB Mouse

IR Mouse

Bluetooth Mouse

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 C. IMAGE SCANNER

- converts any images into electronics form by shining light onto the image
and sensing the intensity of reflection at every point.

KINDS OF SCANNER:

1. Flatbed Scanner - A type of optical scanner that consists of a flat surface on

which you lay documents to be scanned and particularly effective for bound
documents.

2. Handheld Scanner – a small handheld scanning device used for digitizing images.

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 D. DIGITAL CAMERA

- A camera that stores images digitally rather than recording them on film.

E. TRACKBALL
- a pointing device which look like an upside-down mouse, activated by
resting your thumb on the exposed ball and your fingers on the button.

F. PEN or STYLUS
- an electronic gadget used by writing or printing on a special pad (graphic
tablet) or directly on the screen and can be a pointing device to select
commands.

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 G. JOYSTICK or GAMEPAD
- a pointing device used mostly for playing games, activates various
software features and generally producing on screen events.

H. TOUCH SCREEN
- some are made up of a grid of sensing lines which determines the
location of touch by matching the vertical and horizontal contacts
made.

I. BAR CODE READER

- emits a light beam (laser) to reflect the bars then detects it to be
converted into numerical digits.

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 A. Research the following:
Identify the device name in Column A and write your answers in the space provided.
And write also the functions or uses in every device name in Column B.

Column A Column B

Device Name: _____________________ Function:

1.

Device Name: _____________________ Function:

2.

Device Name: _____________________

Function:

3.

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Device Name: _____________________ Function:

4.

Device Name: _____________________ Function:

5.

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OUPUT DEVICES
• is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results
of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a
computer) to the outside world.

A. MONITOR
- computer peripheral device which is capable of showing a soft copy
or video output to the user.

LCD Monitor CRT Monitor

B. PRINTER
- is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent human-
readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic
form, usually on physical print media such as paper or
transparencies.

C. SPEAKER
- A speaker converts electrical energy to mechanical/acoustical
energy to produce sounds.

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 D. LCD PROJECTOR
- is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or
computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern
analog of the slide projector or overhead projector.

E. HEADPHONES / HEADSET
- are a pair of small loudspeakers, or less commonly a single
speaker, with a way of holding them close to a user's ears and a
means of connecting them to a signal source such as an audio
amplifier, radio, or CD player.

STORAGE DEVICES
- is a device used for storing something useful.

A. FLOPPY DISK
- A reusable magnetic storage medium introduced by IBM in 1971. It is
called floppy because it flops if you wave it.

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 B. ZIP DRIVE
- introduced by Iomega in late 1994
- is a medium-capacity removable disk storage system.
- originally it had a capacity of 100 MB, but later versions increased
this to first 250 MB and then 750 MB

C. HARD DISK DRIVE

- A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive,
hard disk, or fixed disk drive
- A magnetic disk on which you can store computer data

DISK INTERFACE:
• SATA - Serial Advance Technology Attachment
• IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics
• ESDI - Enhanced Small Disk Interface
• SCSI - Small Computer System Interface

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 D. OPTICAL DISK
- Originally developed in the late 1960s
- is a random access storage medium
- A storage medium from which data is read and to which it is
written by lasers

NOTE:
In brief, CD (Compact Disc) is primarily used for delivery of music, DVD
(Digital Versatile Disc) primarily for standard definition video, and Blu-
ray Disc primarily for high definition video.

E. USB FLASH DIVE

- A small, portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer’s
USB port and functions as a portable hard drive.
- are also called thumb drives, jump drives, pen drives, key drives,
tokens, or simply USB drives.

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ACTIVITY: SELF CHECK!

A. Instruction: Write a SHORT NOTES on the following devices:

1. DESKTOP COMPUTER
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

2. LAPTOP
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

3. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

4. TABLET PC
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

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 5. WORKSTATION
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.

B. MATCHING TYPE. Match the Column A (computer names) to Column B

(computer images or parts) to its original components of the computer. Connect
the dots from Column A to Column B accordingly.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Keyboard

2. Mouse
3. Monitor
4. AVR

5. Speaker

6. Headset

7. Webcam

8. Printer

9. Modem

10. System Unit

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 A. Instruction: Compare and Contrast the following based on the table below.
➢ STORAGE DEVICES

Function / Memory / Storage

Storage Name and Short Description
Uses Capacity
Image

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 B. Fill out THE CLASSIFICATION OF DEVICES (Answer must be in proper order or else, it is

deemed wrong!) and Give an example on each box.

THE CYCLE OF COMPUTER DEVICES

a.________ b.________ c.________ d.________

Examples: Example: Examples: Examples:

1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5. 5. 5.

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ASSESSMENT

I. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is asked. Write your answers on the space

provided.

1. _______________ a pointing device that functions by detecting two dimensional

motions relative to its supporting surface.
2. _______________ a screen that displays output from a computer.
3. _______________ a device that feeds its image in real time to a computer.
4. _______________ an electromechanical device which produces sound.
5. _______________ a hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions
of a computer program by performing the operations of the
system.
6. _______________ an electronic device used for storing and processing data.
7. _______________ an optical input device that uses light sensing equipment to
capture an image on paper or some other subject.
8. _______________ a computer peripheral that puts text or a computer-generated
image on paper or on another medium, such as a
transparency.
9. _______________ he is the father of the computer.
10. _______________ the Latin word of computer, which means to calculate.

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. A person using a generic system or the one who operates the computer, the one
who gives a command to a computer to do so.
a. User c. Hard lines
b. System utility d. None of the above

2. It is a software that has been permanently stored in hardware. It thus has

qualities of both software and hardware.
a. Instant Messenger c. Browsers
b. Firmware d. RAM

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 3. A peripheral device that is connected to a host computer, but not part of it.
a. Hardware c. Software
b. Storage Media d. None of the above

4. A screen that displays output from a computer.

a. LCD Monitor c. Memory Card
b. Hard disk d. All of the above

5. A small handheld scanning device used for digitizing images.

a. Handheld Scanner c. Analog
b. Joystick d. None of the Above

6. It is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few

dedicated functions, often with real-time computing constraints.
a. Embedded c. Analog
b. Workstation d. Calculator

7. A video camera that feeds its image in real time to a computer.

a. cellphone c. Mouse
b. Webcam d. Printer

8. It is a type-writer device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as

mechanical levers or electronic switches.
a. Speaker c. Keyboard
b. Scanner d. AVR

9. An electromechanical device which produces sound.

a. Headphone c. Handsets or Headsets
b. Speakers d. All of the above

10. It is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes,

such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, control of amusement
rides, or control of lighting fixtures.
a. PLC Programmable Logic Controller c. SERVER
c. Tablet PC d. Microcomputer

11. A small, portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer’s USB port and
functions as a portable hard drive.
a. USB disc c. DVD-RW
b. Flashdrive d. Hard drive

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 12. A pointing device which look like an upside-down mouse, activated by resting
your thumb on the exposed ball and your fingers on the button.
a. Trackball c. LED Mouse
b. Stylus d. None of the Above

13. A storage medium from which data is read and to which it is written by lasers.
a. CD c. Blue Ray Disc
b. DVD d. All of the above

14. It is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit.

a. Mainframe c. Server
b. CPU d. None of the Above

15. It is a handheld computer.

a. Palmtop Computer c. Portable PC
b. Microcomputer d. All of the above

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 Student comments on the lessons and their learnings and Teacher comments on the
learner’s accomplishments:

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RESOURCES

Books:
- Basic Computer Knowledge by Reena Luz F. Flores
- The Amazing World of Computers by Clifford P. Esteban

Internet:
➢ https://www.slideserve.com/suzy/performing-computer-operations-powerpoint-
ppt-presentation

Videos:
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mybYCf4Mov4&list=PL4316FC411AD077AA
➢ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdSPUKSe_Xk

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