29th December 2014 M04_LEON2218_09_SE_C04 page 216

216 Chapter 4 Linear Transformations

7. Let E = {x1 , x2 , . . . , xn } be an ordered basis for Rn . n × n matrix B will also be a matrix representation
If L1 : Rn → Rn and L2 : Rn → Rn have the of L if and only if B is similar to A.
same matrix representation with respect to E, then 9. Let A, B, and C be n × n matrices. If A is similar to
L1 = L 2 . B and B is similar to C, then A is similar to C.
10. Any two matrices with the same trace are sim-
8. Let L : Rn → Rn be a linear transformation. If A ilar. [This statement is the converse of part (b) of
is the standard matrix representation of L, then an Exercise 15 in Section 4.3.]

CHAPTER TEST B
1. Determine whether the following are linear operat- 7. Let L be the translation operator on R2 defined by
ors on R2 : ⎧ ⎫
(a) L is the operator defined by L (x) = x + a, where a = ⎪ ⎩2⎪ ⎭
5
L (x) = (x1 + x2 , x1 )T . Find the matrix representation of L with respect to
(b) L is the operator defined by L (x) = (x1 x2 , x1 )T . the homogeneous coordinate system.
2. Let L be a linear operator on R2 and let 8. Let
⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎩ 1⎪⎭ ⎪
⎩ −3 ⎪ ⎭ ⎪
⎩ −9 ⎪ ⎭
v1 = , v2 = , v3 = u1 = ⎪⎩2⎪ ⎭ , u2 = ⎪ ⎩7⎪ ⎭
3 5 1 1 4
If
⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ and let L be the linear operator that rotates vectors
⎩2⎪
L (v1 ) = ⎪ ⎭ and ⎩3⎪
L (v2 ) = ⎪ ⎭ in R2 by 135◦ in the counterclockwise direction.
4 5
Find the matrix representation of L with respect to
find the value of L (v3 ).
the ordered basis {u1 , u2 }.
3. Let L be the linear operator on R3 defined by 9. Let
⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪ x2 − x1 ⎪
⎪ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
⎪ x − x2 ⎪
L (x) = ⎪ ⎪
⎩ 3
⎪
⎪
⎭ u1 = ⎪ ⎩2⎪ ⎭ , u2 = ⎪⎩7⎪ ⎭
x3 − x1 1 4
and let S = Span((1, 0, 1)T ). and
(a) Find the kernel of L. ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
(b) Determine L (S). v1 = ⎪
⎩7⎪ ⎭ , v2 = ⎪
⎩4⎪ ⎭
5 3
4. Let L be the linear operator on R3 defined by
⎧ ⎫
⎪ x2 ⎪ and let L be a linear operator on R2 whose mat-
⎪
⎪ ⎪
L (x) = ⎪
⎪ x1 ⎪⎪
⎪ rix representation with respect to the ordered basis
⎩ ⎭
x1 + x2 {u1 , u2 } is
Determine the range of L. ⎧ ⎫
5. Let L : R2 → R3 be defined by A=⎪ ⎩1 2⎪ ⎭
2 5
⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪ x1 + x2 ⎪
⎪
⎪
L (x) = ⎪ x − x2 ⎪⎪ (a) Determine the transition matrix from the basis
⎪
⎩ 1 ⎪
⎭
3x1 + 2x2 {v1 , v2 } to the basis {u1 , u2 }.
(b) Find the matrix representation of L with re-
Find a matrix A such that L (x) = Ax for each x in
spect to {v1 , v2 }.
R2 .
10. Let A and B be similar matrices.
6. Let L be the linear operator on R2 that reflects a
vector about the x-axis and then rotates the result- (a) Show that det(A) = det(B).
ing vector by 60◦ in the counterclockwise direction. (b) Show that if λ is any scalar, then det(A − λI) =
Find the standard matrix representation of L. det(B − λI).