LANDSCAPE DESIGN

PLANNING 1
AR. RONIE B. BIANDO, UAP
05:00PM – 9:00PM | FRI
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

WHAT IS?
What is Landscaping?
• Landscaping is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and
structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic
outcomes.

• Landscaping provides colors to the building, and it helps to provide

the balance in the height of the building visually. It also helps to
save energy by providing the shadow to the building.
 It involves the systematic investigation of existing social,
ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the
landscape. The scope of the profession includes: urban
design; site planning; storm water management, parks and
recreation planning.
 A practitioner in the profession of landscape architecture is
called a landscape architect.
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
The planning, form, scale and siting of new developments
Storm water management including rain gardens, green roofs, groundwater
recharge, and treatment wetlands
Campus and site design for public institutions and government facilities
Parks, botanical gardens, greenways, and nature preserves
Recreation facilities; i.e.: playgrounds, golf courses, theme parks and sports
facilities
Housing areas, industrial parks and commercial developments
Estate and residence landscape master planning and design
Highways, transportation structures, bridges, and transit corridors
Urban design, town and city squares, waterfronts, pedestrian schemes, and
parking lots
Large to small urban renewal planning and design.
• Landscape Managers uses there knoeledge of landscape process
to advise on the long-term care and development of Landcape.
They often work infostery, nature conservation and agriculture.
• The area around your home is an important part of your living
environment. Attractively and functionally landscaped, it can add
to your enjoyment of your home. Landscaping can also increase
property value, invite wildlife into your yard and conserve energy.
• Successful landscaping does not just happen. It requires careful
planning and some knowledge of landscape design. You have to
consider your home’s architectural features, neighborhood
landscape character, the effects you want to create, to your
outdoor living space. It may take several years of planting and
construction to achieve your goals, but the first step is planning
and designing what you want to end up with
Landscape Style Options
• In the past, most home landscapes were either formal or informal.
• Formal designs are geometric and symmetrical, with plants and landscape
structures precisely spaced and arranged. Informal designs make use of
more natural-appearing, irregularly placed plants and structures.
• Today, more people want their home landscape to meet physical and social
needs. Partly as a result of the environmental movement, which fostered a
greater appreciation for nature, we tend to be more interested in informal
or naturalistic designs.
Landscape Style Options
• Geometric-Structural –
geometric structure is
primary and plants play a
minor role.
Landscape Style Options
• Geometric-Natural – structure
dominates, but plants and other
natural elements play an
important, perhaps nearly equal
role.
• Natural-Structural– plants,
rocks, water and earth forms
dominate, but there is a clear
sense of geometric
arrangement.
• Natural– natural elements and
materials dominate and there is
no obvious human-determined
form or structure.
Landscape Planning
Too often, homeowners plant before they plan. Careful planning will
help you avoid errors that may interfere with your final landscape
design, such as improper plant selection or placement.
STEPS-
Step 1. Draw a Base Map
Step 2. Analyze your lot or farmstead
Step 3. Analyze how your Lot or Farmstead Relates to the Neighborhood
Step 4. Analyze your Needs
Step 5. Plan Outdoor “Use” Areas
Step 6. Make Use Area Sketches
Step 7. Putting It All Together
Selecting Landscape Plants
There are three (3) to consider in selecting plants :
They are, in order you should consider them:
Plants Hardiness
Site Conditions
Suitability for you Landscape Design
Selecting Landscape Plants
• All
plants requires a certain sets of growing conditions.
The conditions your site offers will determine what
plants will grow there.
• Soil
• Sunlight
• Topography
• Pollution
ELEMENTS OF
LANDSCAPE
The elements of composition are the visual qualities that people see and respond
to when viewing a space. Visual qualities can illicit many different emotions and
feelings, and the more positive those feelings, the more likely people are to
enjoy and use a space.
 LIGHTING IN LANDSCAPE
• Outdoor lighting is used to illuminate pedestrian walkways, roads and entry areas.
It may also provide a dramatic effect when it lights up benches and fountains.
• The level of illumination varies with the extent of usage of the various external
spaces.
• High intensity light is required for highways and other heavily used areas.
• Warm and coloured illumination is best suited for quiet areas along minor
residential streets and parking areas
 LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
PATH LIGHTING
Typical fixtures: mushrooms, tulip lights,
lanterns, tier lights, specialty lights.
• These low impact or shielded lights face down
to the ground or paths to add safety, security and
visibility for walking.
• Path landscape lighting evenly and clearly light
pathways, walkways and water elements like ponds
and waterfalls while avoiding glare.
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

The techniques of architectural lighting are

used to accentuate the variations in texture
as well as architectural features in brick
and stone work, soffit details, and fascia.
Architectural lighting can also be
used to enhance gateways, fountains, and
statues.
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES

STEP LIGHTING / DECK LIGHTING

Typical fixtures: spot/accent lights,
specialty lights
Step lighting brings deck to life at
night and help guests navigate
stairs safely with specialized step
and deck lighting. Fixtures can be
installed beneath benches, as
recessed lights in the risers of
steps, and as surface lights on
vertical posts and below railings.
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
TREE LIGHTING / UPLIGHTING /
DOWNLIGHTING
Typical fixtures: spot/accent
lights, floodlights, well lights,
specialty lights

Uplighting is a dramatic way to

highlight the beauty of statuary,
trees, especially large or
flowering types. By lighting trees
from two or more directions, your
target appears to be 3-
dimensional and more lifelike.
LIGHTING FIXTURES
SOLAR LIGHTS
 Solar landscape lights make use of tiny photo voltaic cells
(PV) or solar powered cells to charge the battery that is
integrated into the lighting fixture.
 Solar landscaping lighting comes in a vast variety of styles.
 Most manufacturers prefer to install the PV cell into the
lighting fixture itself. This can’t work if you place the light in
the shade.
 Other solar landscape lighting models tend to separate the
PV panel from the lighting fixture. Thus the PV module will
be able to receive maximum sunlight. Drawback is that
wires have to be buried.
• Fluorescent light: A long straight tube
coated with phosphor containing low pressure
mercury vapor that produces white light.

• Halogen: High pressure incandescent lamps

containing halogen gases such as iodine or
bromine, allowing filaments to be operated
at higher temperatures.

• Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting

of a lamp, ballast as required with the parts designed
to distribute the light, position and protect the lamp
and connect them to the power supply.
• Neon: A low pressure gas contained within
a glass tube; the color emitted depends on the gas.

• Light emitting diodes: Light emitting diodes

(LED) are tiny light bulbs without the filaments that
would burn out on ordinary light bulbs, illuminated
solely by the movement of electrons in a

semiconductor material. "

UNDER WATER LIGHTING
• underwater lights can be used in outdoor or submersed conditions for
dramatic pond and garden effects.
• Illuminating your pond, garden or watercourse not only increases its
attractiveness, it also ensures safety, as it is easier to see in the dark.
• Underwater pond lighting is available in different colors to allow for a more
unique yard decoration. Colored lenses that can be placed over your
underwater lights to illuminate the pond with that color are available
separately.
PAVING IN LANDSCAPE
DESIGN OF PATHWAYS

•The Path defines the passage in the landscape created.

It could be paved or unpaved. Paving materials are used
to eliminate hazards from mud and dust and to form a
smooth surface for ease of circulation.

•Various design patterns in the pathways help beautify

the surroundings and look pleasing to the eye.

•The paving material could be natural or man-made.

Man-made paving materials are available in a wide
variety of textures and colors. Some of the materials
used are explained in the following.
USE OF STONE AS A PAVING MATERIAL
• Stone, one of the oldest paving materials, offers good,
durable, wearing surface with a minimum
maintenance required.

• Rubble and ashlars masonry are the two forms

of stone used for paving.

• Rubble masonry is rough stone, as it comes

from the quarry, but may be trimmed somewhat
where necessary.

• Ashlars masonry is hewed or cut stone from the

quarry and is used much more often than
Rubble for the surfacing of the walls
 USE OF BRICKS AS A PAVING MATERIAL
• Bricks offer a great variety of textures and colors as well as
flexibility in use.

• it composed of hard, burnt clay and shale, brick is available

any colors due to the variation the chemical content of
clay. Bricks can be used to make tiles with varied shapes.
Because of the hard surface and resistance to wear and
cracking,
these tiles are best suited for outdoor paving.

• These could be laid on stone bases or on concrete slabs.

• The most common patterns are running bond, herringbone

and basket weave.
 Brick: Brick in landscaping

Types of brick paving that are done generally

USE OF CONCRETE AS A PAVING MATERIAL
• Concrete maybe poured in situ, offers a variety in texture and colour and
forms a durable walking surface. It is extensively used as a paving material.

• Concrete lends itself to variations in finish, and

maybe smooth or rough, with aggregates exposed
when desired.
• Asphalt does not offer the variety of textures
that concrete does, although it provides a softer
walking surface
• Asphalt is not as durable as concrete; it is less
expensive and is used extensively for walkways on
college campuses, in large parks and recreational areas,
and in the construction of roads.
FENCING AND EDGING
• To be aware of ourselves, our identity, to elevate ourselves,
self-importance, ownership, security, privacy, all these human
behaviors are such that we build walls and fences around us.
• There are many different types of fencing to choose from :
Wrought Iron : Wrought-iron fences also offer more
security features than other types of fencing, as you can
include spikes across the top of your tall wrought iron fence
to discourage intruders
Vinyl Privacy : Vinyl privacy fences define your property
lines and provide a backdrop for additional landscaping.
Unlike wooden privacy fences, vinyl or composite fencing does
not need to be replaced, repaired or refinished due to decay.
Stacked Stone : A stacked stone retaining wall can
perform double duty as both a decorative fence and a
means to protect against eroding soil.

Picket : Picket fences are more for decoration and

definition than they are for privacy and security

Bamboo: Bamboo is a renewable resource, thus making it an

eco-friendly choice for your fence material. Bamboo
grows quickly, so you can plant a live bamboo fence line
a part of your landscape and expect to have tall stalks of
bamboo in about two years.
STONE:
• Landscaping with stone brings in a natural element that evokes solidness
and a sense security.
• Types of Landscape Stones and their uses
 Retaining Walls--There are many different types of
stones that can be used when it comes to creating
retaining walls in the lawn. One may elect to assemble
a retaining wall around a small pond, or even a garden.
 Flagstone-- Flagstone is a very popular choice when
it comes to stones that are used for steps, or simple
ornamental design.
 Boulders --Homeowners elect to implement the use of
boulders in the decorative design of their landscaping.
Great products in the way of boulders include that of
Birchwood, Wisconsin, Granite, and even Honeycomb
Western stone.
 Marble--Many individuals elect to use marble
when decorating their landscape. Marble can be
used to create signs, around or in garden ponds,
and even marble fountains can be purchased in
order to bring out the natural appeal of a pond or
garden area. They are also used in sculptures.
 Natural Stone--Natural stone is often a choice for
small landscaping structures.
 Decorative Stones--Decorative stones are used in
pathways or trails to beautify the garden. Some of
them are Royal George, Walnut nuggets,
beachwood pebbles and many more.
 Other-- Other than that there are pebbles used for
sidewalks, stepping stones used in gardens and
stone is also used as stone lantern in Chinese
gardens.
 Wood:
Uses of wood chips

Use wood chips for pathways alongside a garden.

They are durable and resist compaction from foot
traffic, and offer a cushioned surface to walk.

Incorporate color into a path using wood chips.

This will guide foot traffic away from certain areas
you want to protect.
Tree house of wood
Use wood chips as mulch. This will reduce weeds,
keep the soil warmer in the winter and cooler in the
summer, and conserve the moisture in the soil by
reducing evaporation.

Work wood chips into the soil to correct

compacted soil. This soil allows more water and air
to promote plant health. The wood chips also add
nutrients to the soil as they decompose. Wooden fencing
 Wood:
Uses of wood

Wood used in steps Wooden bridges Wooden retaining wall

 Wood:
Redwood
Lower grade redwood is fine for decking and
rails. This wood is
rot-resistant.
Due to its high cost we may only want to use it
on the most
visible parts of the deck. It is relatively soft
wood, and can be
easily damaged, hence it is best to drill holes
to avoid splitting
the wood.
 Wood:
Cedar
Cedar is similar to redwood in its durability, and resistance
to rot and insect pests. Cedar is usually not used as a structural
component in construction for it is much weaker than redwood
& cypress. It is used only for the decorative portions of a project.
On average cedar is about half the cost of redwood and
about twice the cost of pressure treated lumber.

Plastic-Wood Composites & Vinyl

Both of these materials are new & are becoming popular in the
construction industry. Plastic-wood composite lumber is manufactured
from plastic and wood fibers. Composites are virtually indestructible &
almost impervious to rot and insects. Both these construction
materials are more expensive than redwood, but they will last
indefinitely.
THANK YOU