API-610 An

Overview
By: Haris Ansari

05-01-2015
API-610
• Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical, and
Gas Industry Service
• ISO 13709: Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical
and natural gas industries
• API 674: Positive Displacement Pumps – Reciprocating
• API 676: Positive Displacement Pumps - Rotary
• API 675: Controlled Volume Positive Displacement Pumps
• API 682: Shaft sealing system for centrifugal and rotary pumps
Pumps
• Pumps are used to:
• Move liquid from low to high elevation
• Move liquid from low to high pressure areas
• Increase flow rate of the liquid
• The pump does so by adding energy to the liquid
Pumps Classification
PUMPS

Positive
Rotodynamic
Displacement
Pumps
Pumps

Propeller Pump Reciprocating

Rotary Pumps
(Axial flow) Pump

Turbine Pump
Piston Pump Gear Pump
(Mixed Flow)

Centrifugal Pump
Plunger Pump Screw Pump
(Radial Flow)

Diaphragm Pump Vane Pump

Types of Rotodynamic Pumps
• Rotodynamic Pumps can be of three types based on type of
flow:
1. Propeller – Axial Flow
2. Turbine – Mixed Flow
3. Impeller – Radial Flow
Centrifugal Pumps
• Advantages of centrifugal pump over PD pump
• Discharge is smooth (not intermittent as in PD Pump)
• If discharge is blocked in Centrifugal pump - excess pressure is not
build up (But this may over heat the pump)
• Centrifugal pumps are relatively inexpensive and simple in
construction
• Centrifugal pumps can operate over a wide range of capacity
• Centrifugal pumps consist of two parts:
• Rotating - Impeller
• Stationary – Volute/Diffuser
• Impeller adds kinetic energy to the liquid
• Diffuser converts kinetic energy into pressure energy
API - 610
• Contents:
1. General
2. Basic Design
3. Accessories
4. Inspection, Testing and Preparation for Shipment
5. Specific Pump Types
6. Vendor’s Data
7. Appendices (Data Sheets, Stuffing box, Mechanical Seals,
Material Selection guide, Vendor’s drawing and data
requirements)
Scope
• Standard covers minimum requirements for Centrifugal Pumps
• Standard covers three broad categories of Pumps:
1. Overhung – OH (1 to 6)
2. Between Bearing – BB (1 to 5)
3. Vertically suspended – VS (1 to 7)

OH BB VS

Details
Operating Parameter
Requirements
• API 610 shall be used if service is flammable, hazardous
• Pumps may be manufactured on standard other than API 610
if pumping fluid is nonflammable and non hazardous and does
not exceed following parameters

Max discharge pressure 275 psig (1900kPa)

Max suction pressure 75 psig (500kPa)
Max pumping temperature 300oF (150 oC)
Max rotation speed 3600 rpm
Max rated total head 400ft (120m)
Max impeller diameter 13in (330mm)
Details of Pump Types (API-610)
Details of Pump Types (API-610)
cont’d
Basic Terms
• NPSH: The total absolute suction head determined at the
suction nozzle (and referred to the datum elevation) minus
the vapor pressure of the liquid
• NPSH = absolute suction head - vapor pressure head
• The datum elevation is the shaft centerline for horizontal pumps,
suction nozzle centerline for vertical in-line pumps, and the top of
the foundation for other vertical pumps
• NPSHA : The NPSH determined by the purchaser for the
pumping system with the liquid at rated flow and normal
pumping temperature
• NPSHR : The NPSH determined by the vendor with water
measured at the suction flange.
• Cavitation: Cavitation is the boiling of liquid at suction line or
suction nozzle of the pump. This occurs when the pressure
acting on the liquid is below the vapor pressure of the liquid.
Performance Curves
Minimum Running Clearance
• Renewable wear rings shall be furnished on both casing and impeller
• Mating wear surfaces of hardenable materials shall have a difference of
brinnel hardness number of at least 50
• For cast iron, bronze, hardened 11-13 % Cr Steel, the minimum clearance
shall be as follows
Vibrations
• Centrifugal pump vibration varies with flow
• Vibrations are minimum at Best efficiency point flow and
varies as flow is varied
• In general the change in vibration increases with increasing
energy density, specific speed, and suction specific speed
• Standard defines two operating flow ranges
• Preferred operating range
• Allowable operating range
• At preferred operating range pump exhibits low vibrations
• Within Allowable operating region are the capacities at which
pump’s vibration reaches a higher but still acceptable level
• Operating range may be further narrowed by temperature or
NPSHR
Vibrations cont’d
• During a performance test unfiltered vibration measurements
and a Fast Fourier Transform spectrum shall be made at each
test point except shutoff
• The measurements shall be made at Bearing housing and on
the shaft adjacent the bearing
Vibrations cont’d
• The FFT Spectra shall include range of frequencies from 5Hz to
2*Z*running speed
• Z = number of vanes of impeller
• The plotted spectra shall be included with pump test results
• Measurements on bearing shall be in RMS and the unit of shaft
measurements shall be µm (mils)
• The vibrations measured during test shall not exceed the values
stated in following Table for OH & BB type pumps
Bearing Selection
• Bearings selection shall be based on as follows:
Material Selection
• Material Selection shall be according to Appendix
Annex H
• Following is a guide showing material classes that may be appropriate for
various services
• Materials superior to those listed may be also be used
Material Selection cont’d
Following is an extract from Table H-1
Material Selection cont’d
Accessories
• Driver
• The type of driver shall be specified by the purchaser
• The driver shall be sized to meet the maximum specified
operating conditions after exclusion of all losses
• The starting method shall be mutually agreed by purchaser and
vendor
• Motor’s power rating including service factor shall be atleast
equal to the percentages of power given in table at pump rated
conditions
Pump Testing
• Performance and NPSH shall be according to Hydraulic
Institute Standards

• Vendor shall submit detailed procedures for all running and

optional tests and acceptance criteria at least before 6 weeks
of test conduction
• Vendor shall notify the purchaser 5 working days before
conduction of test
Pump Testing cont’d
• Hydrostatic Test:
• All pressure containing components shall be hydrostatically tested
with a liquid at a minimum of 1.5 times MAWP
• If part to be tested is to operate at a temperature where is strength
is less than that at room temperature than Hydrostatic test shall be
conducted at Pressure = 1.5 * MAWP * S at room T / S at operating T
• Chloride content shall not exceed 50 ppm during testing
• Minimum hold up time is 30 minutes
• Performance Test:
• Each pump shall be given a performance test with water at
temperature less than 65oC
• The acceptable level of seal leakage during test shall be mutually
agreed
Pump Testing cont’d
• Test data (head, capacity, power, vibration) shall be taken at a
minimum of 5 points
• The test shall be conducted within 3% of rated speed and
results shall be converted to anticipated results at rated speed
• Vibration values shall be recorded during test and shall not
exceed the given limits (previously discussed)
• Pump shall operate within bearing temperature limits
• For pressurized bearing lubrication system, temperature
shall not rise more than 28oC
• For ring oiled/splash system, temperature rise shall not be
more than 39oC
Pump Testing cont’d
• Post Test Requirements
• If pump is dismantled to machine impellers to meet tolerance of
differential head, retest will be required if machining exceeds 5%
of impeller diameter
• If pump is dismantled to improve power, NPSH, or mechanical
operation retest will be required
• If mechanical seal assembly is disturbed after testing then final
seal assembly shall be air tested
Optional Test
1. NPSHR
2. Complete Unit
3. Sound level
4. Auxiliary Equipment
5. Bearing Housing Resonance
Vendor’s Data
• Original Proposal
• Drawings:
• GA or outline drawing of each major skid/system
• Cross sectional drawing of proposed equipment
• Schematics and BOM of auxiliaries i.e. lube oil control & electrical
systems
• Sketches to show lifting of machine equipment/assembled machine
• Technical Data
• Purchaser’s datasheets
• Purchaser’s noise data sheet
• The vendor drawing and data requirement form
• A schedule for shipment of equipment in weeks after order receipt
• List of major wearing components
• List of spare parts for recommended for start-up and normal
maintenance
• List of special tools furnished for maintenance
Vendor’s Data cont’d
• An outline of weather and winterization protection required for
pump, auxiliaries and driver
• Complete utility requirements such as steam, air, water etc.
• Description of test and inspection procedures for materials
• Any start-up, shutdown or operating restrictions
• Calculation of suction specific speed made for maximum impeller
diameter and BEP
• Curves:
• Complete performance curves of differential head, typical
efficiency, water NPSHR and power as a function of capacity
• The curve shall be extended to 120% of capacity at peak
efficiency, and the rated operating point shall be indicated
• If applicable the curves shall indicate viscosity correction
• Optional Tests:
• List of procedures of optional tests
Vendor’s Data cont’d
• Installation, Operation, Maintenance and Technical Data
manuals
• Manual shall contain sufficient written instructions to enable the
purchaser to correctly install, operate and maintain all equipment
• The manual shall contain information such as special alignment
and grouting procedures, utility specifications
• The manual shall contain sketches to show the location of CG and
rigging provisions
Pump Data Sheet
• API – 610 gives 2 formats for pump data sheets
1. SI Units/ISO Standard
2. US Units/US Standard
Recommended Spares
THANK
YOU
Pump Types
• OH 1-6
• BB 1-5
• VS 1-7

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