Vocabulary Lesson 3

According to — de acuerdo a / con

Same — Mismo / Igual

True — Verdad / Cierto

Charity — Caridad

Disgusting — Asqueroso

Goldfish — Pez dorado (generalmente es de varios colores)

Floor — Piso

Ring — Anillo

Sidewalk — Vereda

Key words — Palabras clave

Bookstore — Librería / Tienda de libros

Forest — Bosque

News — Noticias

Plague — Plaga

The Past Tense - Irregular Verbs

The past tense - irregular verbs
We learned in unit 2 that the past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding –
ed.

Aprendimos en el módulo 2 que el tiempo pasado de los verbos regulares se forma

agregando -ed. 

Present Past
I walk I walked
They talk They talked
We drop the ball We dropped the ball
You dance You danced
But, according to linguist Steven Pinker, “70% percent of the time we use a
verb [in English], it is an irregular verb.’’ That doesn’t mean 70% of verbs are
irregular, but it means the verbs used more frequently are irregular, so we
must learn them.

Pero, según el linguista Steven Pinker "el 70% de las veces que usamos en verbo [en
inglés], es un verbo irregular." Eso no significa que el 70% de los verbos son
irregulares, pero significa que los verbos usados más frecuentemente son irregulares,
entonces debemos aprenderlos.

The only way to learn these verbs is to practice them.    

La única manera de aprender estos verbos es practicar con ellos.

Read the following sentences with regular verbs and the list of irregular verbs and listen to
the pronunciation. 

A continuación tiene algunas oraciones con verbos regulares y una lista de verbos
irregulares en forma base y pasado simple. Lee las oraciones y los verbos y escucha la
pronunciación. 

I walked.

They talked.

We dropped the ball.

You danced.

have - had

say - said

write - wrote

go - went

take - took

come - came

see - saw

get - got

give - gave
read - read 

eat - ate

drink - drank

Listen to the verbs again and repeat them.

Escucha los verbos de nuevo y repítalos.

Remember that the verbs do not change when conjugating in the simple past
tense. The verb remains the same.

Recuerda que los verbos no cambian al conjugar en el tiempo pasado simple. El verbo
permanece igual.

Examples:

I walked
You walked
He/ She/ It walked
We walked
You walked
They walked

I had
You had
He/ She/ It had
We had
You had
They had

Past Tense
This will help you to better understand the Past Tense.

Key words
Key words help us to know when to use a certain tense. For example, using ‘yesterday’
before a verb lets us know the verb will be in a past tense. Using ‘tomorrow’ before a
word lets us know it will be in a future tense. Other words like ‘in’ or ‘ago’ indicate
time periods as well. For example:
Palabras claves nos ayudan a saber cuándo usar un cierto tiempo. Por ejemplo,
usar yesterday (ayer) nos ayuda a saber que el verbo está en tiempo pasado simple.
Usar tomorrow (mañana) nos ayuda a saber que la oración está en tiempo futuro. Otras
palabras como in o ago indican periodos de tiempo también. Por ejemplo:  
Past:

 an hour ago =  hace una hora

 ten minutes ago = hace  diez minutos
 yesterday = ayer
 last year = el año pasado
 last month = el mes pasado 
Future:
 in an hour =  en/dentro de una hora
 in a week = en/dentro de una semana
 tomorrow = mañana
 next year = el próximo año
 next week = la próxima semana
Nota:
Para decir, por ejemplo, 'el año pasado' se dice 'last year', no se dice: 'the last year'.
De igual manera, para decir 'el próximo mes', no se dice: 'the next month', se dice: 'next
month'.

Actividad 11: Past Simple - Present Simple

Rewrite the sentences. Change the verbs to past simple.

Example:

 She writes letters to her grandmother. → She wrote letters

to her grandmother.

Change to Past Simple

Rewrite the sentences. Change the verbs to past simple.
Example:

 She writes letters to her grandmother. → She wrote letters to her grandmother.

 Philomena says that I should practice.

This list will help you:

have - had          say - said
write - wrote       go - went
take - took          come - came
see - saw            get - got
give - gave          read - read 
eat - ate              drink - drank

Change to Present Simple

Rewrite the sentences. Change the verbs in Simple Past to the Simple Present tense.
Vuelve a escribir las oraciones. Cambia las oraciones del pasado simple al presente
simple.
Examples:

 Victor ate two sandwiches. → Victor eats* two sandwiches. 

 I ate mangos. → I eat mangos.

They drink terere.
They write letters in the attic.
* Recuerda que en tiempo presente simple, el verbo lleva 's' final cuando la oración es
afirmativa y el sujeto es 3ra persona singular (he, she, it).
* El verbo va en su forma base (no lleva 's' final) cuando el sujeto es I, you, we, they o
cualquier sujeto que no sea 3ra persona singular.

This list will help you:

have - had          say - said
write - wrote       go - went
take - took          come - came
see - saw            get - got
give - gave          read - read 
eat - ate              drink - drank

Actividad 12: A letter to Michael

Charlie traveled to Belfast, but he wrote the letter before he left. Everything is
in the future tense. You have to change it to the past so he can mail the letter.

Charlie viajó a Belfast, pero escribió esta carta antes de partir, entonces está en tiempo
futuro. Cambia todas las frases subrayados al pasado simple para que Charlie pueda
enviar la carta.

Examples:

I will go to the Giant’s Causeway. → I went to the Giant’s Causeway.

I am going to visit many places. → I visited many places.

Hello, Michael,

I hope you are well. I am going (1) to Belfast for vacation.

I will do (2) a lot of fun things in Belfast. I will eat (3) some of their

famous soda bread. To go with it, I will drink (4) some of that Belfast Ale
we had at Lonnie’s party. I will take (5) lots of pictures because Belfast
has some beautiful sites such as the Carrickfergus Castle. I will go (6) to
that store we read about in the paper, ‘Fresh Garbage.’ I want (7) to see
what sorts of things they have for sale. I will come (8) home on the 29 . th

I hope you will read (9) this letter from a comfortable place.    

 Your friend,

Charlie

Actividad 15: Places where they speak English: Belfast,

Ireland
Places where they speak English: Belfast, Ireland
Belfast was once plagued by violence during a period known as The Troubles between
1960 and 1998. The Troubles were caused by a fight between the Irish Republican
Army (IRA) and British National Forces that wanted control of Northern Ireland.

Today, Belfast is peaceful and now that The Troubles have ended, Belfast has become a
cultural center of Europe. Between 2004-2005, art and cultural events were attended by
more than 1.8 million people. During The Troubles, many famous artists wrote songs
about Belfast including U2 and The Police.

The name Belfast is derived from the Irish BéalFeirsde. The word béal means "mouth"

or "rivermouth" while feirsde refers to a sand bar. Belfast has long been a naval city.
The Titanic was built in Belfast and there is an entire part of the city dedicated to the
construction of this famous ship that includes apartments, a museum and entertainment. 

1.     What was the name of the period of violence in Northern Ireland between 1960 and
1998?

2.     How many people attended art and cultural events between 2004 and 2005?

3.     What famous musicians recorded songs about Belfast?

4.     What famous ship was built in Belfast?