Be (present)

I am

You are

He

She is

It

We

You are

They

Be (past)
I was

You were

He

She was

It

We

You were

They
 Affirmative
Subj + Verb + Object

We are students

Negative
Subj + Verb + Not + Object

We are not students

Interrogative

Verb + Subj + Object

Are we students?
 PRESENT SIMPLE
(Other verbs)
El presente simple se utiliza en acciones que se repiten y
cosas que siempre son así; sirve para expresar una rutina,
hábitos.
AFFIRMATIVE
Aff + subj + verb + object

- I work here

He, she, it – woks

NEGATIVE
Subj + aux + not + verb + object

- I do not work here

don’t

- She does not work here

Verbos con terminación en “O” se agrega “es”

INTERROGATIVE
Aux + subj + verb + object

Do you work here?

Does she work here?

 VERBS
Run – correr

Play – jugar

Sell – vender

Sing – cantar

Sleep – dormir

Eat – comer

Walk – caminar

Jump – saltar

Dance – bailar

Read – leer

Think – pensar

Write – escribir

Show – mostrar

Speak / talk – hablar

Cry – llorar

Work – trabajar

Fly – volar

Act – actuar

Skate – patina

Buy – comprar

Wash – lavar

Paint – pintar
Lose – perder

Shower / have a bath – ducharse

Love – amar

Cut – cortar

Hate – odiar

Smile – sonreir

Live – vivir

Draw – dibujar

Kiss – besar

Greet – saludar

Cook – cocinar

Brush – cepillar

See – ver

Travel – viajar

Listen (to) – escuchar

Look – mirar

Freeze – congelar

Like – gustar

Break – romper

Have – tener

Do – hacer

Make – hacer (crear)

Go – ir
 ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY (IPA)

1. /ʊ / put, could
2. /ɒ/ hot, rock
3. /ɔ: / door, four
4. /ʌ/ cup, hut
5. /æ/ cat, black
6. /ɜ:/ bird, work
7. /ə/ pet, away
8. /ɑ:/ car, far
9. /e/ pet, bed
10. /ɪ/ this, live
11. /L:/ these, leave
12. /w:/ fool smooth
 TIME EXPRESSIONS RELATED TO THE PRESENT
SIMPLE
- Always (siempre)
- Usually / frequently / often (frecuentemente)
- Sometimes (algunas veces)
- Rarely / seldom / hardly ever (casi nunca)
- Never (nunca)
Day Week
- Once / twice / three times a
Month Year
- Arrive (llegar)

- Return/ get back (regresar)

- Get up (levantar)

- Wake up (despetar)
 LINKERS
- And: y
- For: para
- Or: o
- With: con
- But: pero / sino
- Although : aunque
- Because: porque
- Despite: a pesar de
- Because of: a causa de
- However: sin embargo

DIPHTHONGS
Centring
1. /ɪə/ here, near
2. /eə/ there, care
3. /ʊa/ sure, out

Rising
1. / aɪ/ night, sight
2. /eɪ/ play, face
3. /ɔɪ/ toy, joy
4. / aʊ/ show, house
5. / aʊ/ now, cow
 THE TIME
What’s the time? / What time is it?

R= It’s…

o ‘clock

A
A
quarter to past quarter

half

1. It’s seventeen past twelve (12:17)

2. It’s seventeen to one (12:43)
3. It’s a quarter past five (5:15)
4. It’s five o’ clock (5:00)
5. It’s six, ten (6:10)
 TRIPHTHONGS
1. /eɪa/ player
2. /aɪa/ fire
3. /aʊa/ flower
4. /aʊa/ lower
5. /ɔɪa/ lawyer
 EXPRESSING POSSESSION
- Possessive adjectives
- Possessive pronouns
- Saxon genitive

P. Adj
My: mi
Your: tu
His: su (de él)
Her: su (de ella)
It’s: su (de 1 animal / cosa)
Our: nuestro
Your: vuestro
Their: su (de ellos)

P. pron
Mine: mio
Yours: tuyo
His: suyo (de él)
Hers: suyo (de ella)

Examples

That is my car: ese es mi carro

That car is mine: ese carro es mío

 SAXON GENITIVE

La casa de Laura

La casa de Laura

Laura´s house

That house is Laura’s

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
El presente continuo sirve:

 Para referirse a acciones que se están produciendo en el

momento en que se hablan.

Ej. I am writing this now.

 Para referirse a acciones largas que si bien no se están

produciendo en el momento en que se hablan aún están en
proceso.

Ej. Elena is studying medicine.

 Se utiliza para expresar futuro cuando este se da de acuerdo a

un plan o a preparativos.

Ej. I am visiting parents next weekend.

 Se utiliza para quejarse de comportamientos ajenos, se combina

con palabras como: always o continuously.

Ej. She is always complaining.

 AFFIRMATIVE
Subj + be + ing
We are playing

NEGATIVE
Subj + be + not + ing
I am not playing

INTERROGATIVE
Be + subj + ing
Are you playing?
 THE ING SPELLING RULES
1. Work - working
2. Live – living
3. Sit – sitting Consonante, vocal,
consonante: se dobla la “T”
4. Admit – admitting

Cuando termina en “E”, se

5. Lie – lying
sustituye por “Y”

6. Panic – panicking
ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS: PREPOSITION OF PLACE
Where is….? (¿Dónde está?)
R= It’s on (Está en)

- Near: cerca
- Far: lejos
- In front of / opposite: frente a algo
- Next to: a lado de
- Between: entre
- Behind: detrás de
- On the corner of: en la esquina de

HARDWARE
STORE
MA

OA

PUB
 1. Where is the post office?
R= the post office it’s on oak street behind the mall.
2. Where is the bank?
R= the bank is on main street next to the coffee shop

3. Where is the church?

R= the church is on the corner of oak street and lemon

How do I get to? (cómo llego a)

- Go straight ahead (siga derecho)

- Walk along (camina a lo largo de)
- Up (sube)
- Down (baja)
- Take the first / second / third on the right/left (toma el
primer cruce/ segundo/ tercero a la derecha/izquierda)
- Until (hasta)
 market
CHURCH pub Gym SUBWAY
How do I get to the gym?
R= walk along orange street take the second turning on the
right the gym it’s between the pub and the market

How do I get to the hotel?

R= take the first turning on the right go straight ahead until the
traffic lights, walk up banana street the hotel is between coffee
shop and restaurant.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (IN, ON, AT)
In: se utiliza para periodos amplios de tiempo, como meses, años o
siglos.

 She was born in july

On: se utiliza para referirse a días concretos.

 They always the cinema on saturday

At: se utiliza para momentos muy específicos o puntos en tiempo

(hora).

 She gets up at 6:30

At night, dusk, dawn

At noon, midnight
 MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
Taxi (taxi)

Train (tren)

Plane (avión)

Car (carro)

Bus (autobus/camión)

Bike (bicicleta)

Motorbike (motocicleta)

Ship (barco)

On foot (a píe)

THE WEATHER
El lugar

What’s the weather like? – In London

What’s the weather like in London during the summer?

ANSWERS Rainy-lluvioso

The weather is… Cloudy- nublado

It’s… Stormy- tormentoso

Sunny- soleado

Cold – frio Fresh- fresco

Hot – caliente Dry- seco

Humid-
THE PAST humedo
SIMPLE
To be

I was

You were

He

She was

It

You were

They

Affirmative
subj + verb + object

We were there
Negative
Subj + verb + not + object

We were not there

Interrogative
Verb + subj + object

Were we there?

THE PAST TENSE

Regular verbs (ed)

Walk- ed

Work-ed

Play-ed

Want-ed

Irregular verbs

Cut- cut

Buy- bought

Do- did

Drink- dronk

Eat- ate

Go- went
 EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO
Saturday
Night
Last Week
Month
Year