JURONG PIONEER JUNIOR COLLEGE

9749 H2 PHYSICS

CURRENT OF ELECTRICITY TUTORIAL SOLUTIONS

Q
1 I
t
Nq

t


1200  (1.60  1019 )
3.5  106
 5.5  1011 A

2 Amount of charge, Q = Area under I-t graph

= (2  10−3)(20) + (3  10−3)(30) + (1  10−3)(10)
= 140  10−3
= 0.14 C

M 63.5  103
3 Volume occupied by 1 mol of copper, V    7.09  106 m3
 8.95  103
Number of atoms in 1 mol of copper  6.02  10 23
Number of electrons in 1 mol of copper, N  6.02  1023
N
I  nAvq    Avq
V 
I
v
N
 V  Aq
 
10.0
 23
 6.02  10 
 6   
3.31 106 1.60  10 19 
 7.09  10 
 2.22  10 4 m s 1

4 (a) Amount of charge, Q  I t

 0.030  60
 1.8 C

(b) Rate of electrical energy dissipation, P  IV

 0.030  2.5
 0.075 W

5 (a) Total charge, Q  Ne  1.0  10 20  1.60  10 19  16 C

(b) I  Q  16  0.267A
t 60

V 9.0
(c) Use V  I R , R    33.7 
I 0.267

1
 l  l    (2l ) 
6 Since R  , so RX  = ; RY  = .
A t (l ) t t (2l ) t
RX
 1
RY

7 (a) The resistance R at any particular set of values of p.d. V and current I is the
V
ratio of the potential difference to current, R  .
I

(b) The variation of resistance with p.d. is shown in the diagram below.

resistance / Ω

V/V

(c) The p.d. across the lamp cannot be 0 V even with the variable resistor set to its
maximum value (10  ), as the circuit resistance is not infinite and there will still be
current through the lamp.

The p.d. across the lamp cannot be 12 V even with the variable resistor set to its
minimum value (0  ) because there could be p.d. across the internal resistance of
the cell and the ammeter, which may not be ideal.

8 (a) X is an ohmic resistor while Y is a filament lamp.

(b)

Y
(c) Since X and Y are connected in parallel, the potential difference across them is the
same. From the graph, the p.d. across X is 3.0 V when the current through X is
0.15 A. The p.d. across Y is 3.0 V when the current through Y is 0.25 A.

Therefore the total current in the cell

I total  I X  I Y
 0.15  0.25
 0.40 A

2
 (d) Use V  E  I r ,
E V
r
I
3.3  3.0

0.40
 0.75 

P 0.75
9 Use P  IV , I    0.30 A
V 2.5

Use V  E  I r ,
E V
r
I
3.0  2.5

0.30
 1.67 

10 (a) E.m.f. of a source is the amount of energy converted from non-electrical to electrical
per unit charge flowing through the source.

(b) (i) Effective resistance of the two parallel resistors S and T,

1
 1 1 
Reff      120 
 200 300 

Using V  E  I r , when switch is open, I  0 A ,

E  V  12.0 V

When switch is closed,

V  I Reff
V 10.8
I   0.0900 A
Reff 120

Using V  E  I r ,
E V
r
I
12.0  10.8

0.0900
 13.33
 13.3 

(ii) Energy dissipated in the power supply

Er  Pr  t
 I 2r  t
2
  0.0900  13.33  5.0  60 
 32.39
 32.4 J

3
 (iii) As temperature of the thermistor increases, its resistance decreases. The
effective resistance of the thermistor and resistor S in parallel decreases.

EITHER
By potential divider principle, the potential difference across the parallel network
of thermistor and resistor S decreases. Hence, the voltmeter reading decreases.

OR
The total circuit resistance decreases. Since the e.m.f. E remains the same, the
current I in the circuit increases. Using V  E  I r , the terminal p.d. V decreases.

E
11 (a) (i) Current, I 
Rr

(ii) Power dissipated in the external resistor,

PR  I 2R
2
 E 
  R
R r 

(b) With the same current flowing through the battery, its internal resistor and the
external resistor, total power generated by battery,
PT  I 2RT
 I 2 R  r 

Ratio
PR I 2R
 2
PT I  R  r 
R

Rr

E
(c) (i) 1. Use I  ,
Rr
12
110 
R  0.014
 R  0.095 

2. From (b), fraction of total power dissipated in battery

P
 1 R
PT
R
 1
Rr
r

Rr
0.014

0.095  0.014
 0.128

4
 PR  R 
(ii) With increase in internal resistance in the battery, the ratio  
PT  R  r 
decreases. That implies the fraction of power dissipated in the external resistor
decreases. Hence, the efficiency of battery will decrease.

12 (a) (i) From figure, when R = 4.0  , PR= 9.0 W,

Use P  I 2R
P
I
R
9.0

4.0
 1.50
 1.5 A (shown)

(ii) Use PT  I E , from figure, when R = 4.0  , PT= 13.5 W,

P
E T
I
13.5

1.5
 9.0 V

(b) (i) The quantity  PT  PR  represents the power dissipated by the internal resistance
r of the battery.

(ii) Use PT  PR  I 2 r ,
P P
r T 2 R
I
13.5  9.0

1.5 2
 2.0 

(c) (i) By maximum power theorem, when PR is maximum when R = r. So R = 2.0 Ω .

(ii) Efficiency
P
  R  100%
PT
I 2R
  100%
I 2 R  r 
R
  100%
Rr
2.0
  100%
2.0  2.0
 50%

(iii) The efficiency of power transfer increases as R increases from 4  to 10  ,

since PR decreases at a lower rate than PT with increasing values of R.

5
13 (a) Current flowing through skin flows from outer surface to inner surface of the skin, so
the skin as a conductor has a length of 1 mm, i.e. l = 1.0  10−3 m

Resistance,
l
R
A


3.0  10 1.0  10 
4 3

1.0  10 4
 3.0  105 

(b) Area of contact, A  circumference  length   dL

Resistance,
l
R
A


 3.0  10 1.0  10 
4 3

  0.40  10  9.0  10 
2 2

 2.65  104 

Current,
V 50
I 
R 2.65  104
 1.887  103 A
 1.89 mA