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Psychological Testing Assignment 3

The Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) is a nonverbal test of abstract reasoning originally developed in 1936 by John Raven. It consists of 60 items divided into 5 sets of increasing difficulty. The SPM is used to assess intelligence in individuals ages 8-65 and takes 15-45 minutes to complete. It has high reliability and validity when compared to other intelligence tests. The SPM is part of the Raven's Progressive Matrices series which also includes the Advanced Progressive Matrices for older or gifted individuals and the Colored Progressive Matrices for children ages 5-11.

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38 views6 pages

Psychological Testing Assignment 3

The Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) is a nonverbal test of abstract reasoning originally developed in 1936 by John Raven. It consists of 60 items divided into 5 sets of increasing difficulty. The SPM is used to assess intelligence in individuals ages 8-65 and takes 15-45 minutes to complete. It has high reliability and validity when compared to other intelligence tests. The SPM is part of the Raven's Progressive Matrices series which also includes the Advanced Progressive Matrices for older or gifted individuals and the Colored Progressive Matrices for children ages 5-11.

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Sundas Saikhu
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Assignment # 3

Course Title: Psychological testing II


Course instructor: Ma’am Zaeema

Student Name: Maleeha Athar


Roll no: FA19-BPY-020
Semester: 7
Section: A
Date of submission: December 12, 2022
Department of humanities
COMSATS UNIVERSITY LAHORE CAMPUS
SPM:
Introduction:
Develop:
The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936. In each test item, the subject is
asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern. Many patterns are presented in the
form of a 6×6, 4×4, 3×3, or 2×2 matrix, giving the test its name.
Year of publish:
1936
Test description:
It comprises of 5 sets (A to E) of 112 items each.
Total item: 60
Ages: 8 to 65 years
Color: Black and white
Time: (15-45) minutes
The Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) is a group or individually administered test that
nonverbally assesses intelligence in children and adults through abstract reasoning tasks. It is
sometimes called Raven's, although the SPM is only one of three tests that together comprise
Raven's Progressive Matrices. Appropriate for ages 8-65, the SPM consists of 60 problems (five
sets of 12), all of which involve completing a pattern or figure with a part missing by choosing
the correct missing piece from among six alternatives. Patterns are arranged in order of
increasing difficulty. The test is untimed but generally takes 15-45 minutes and results in a raw
score which is then converted to a percentile ranking. The test can be given to hearing and
speech-impaired children, as well as non-English speakers. The Standard Progressive Matrices is
usually used as part of a battery of diagnostic tests, often with the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scales.
The SPM is part of a series of three tests (Raven's Progressive Matrices) for persons of varying
ages and/or abilities, all consisting of the same kind of nonverbal reasoning problems. The SPM
is considered an "average"-level test for the general population. The Coloured Progressive
Matrices (CPM), which includes the two easiest sets from the SPM and a dozen other questions
of similar difficulty, is designed for five- to 11-year-olds, persons with mental or physical
handicaps, and non-English speakers. The Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) is generally
for ages 11 to adult or, specifically, for gifted students. It consists of a practice and screening test
(Set I) and a 36-problem series for use with persons of above-average intellectual ability.
Purpose of SPM:
The SPM is a nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure an individual's ability to
perceive and think clearly, make meaning out of confusion, and formulate new concepts when
faced with novel information.
Psychometric Properties of SPM:
Standardization:
It was first fully standardized by J.C. Raven on 1407 children in Ipswich, England in 1938.
Reliability:
Internal consistency studies using either the split-half method corrected for length or KR20
estimates result in values ranging from 0.60 to 0.98.
Test-retest correlations range from a low of 0.46 for an 11 year interval to a high of 0.97 for a
two day interval.
Raven provided test-retest coefficients for several age groups:
Age Groups Reliability Coefficients
13+ years 0.88
Under 30 years 0.93
30-39 years 0.88
40-49 years 0.87
50 years + 0.83

Validity:
Concurrent validity coefficients between the SPM and the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales
range between 0.54 and 0.88, with the majority in the .70s and .80s.
Advanced Progressive Matrices:

Test Description:

The APM was originally drafted in 1943 for use by British War Office Selection Boards,
who needed a version of Progressive Matrices which would be more difficult, and provide better
discrimination at the upper levels, than the standard version of the test.

Designed for ages 11 and above or specifically, for gifted students.

Total Items: 12 Items (Set I) and 36 Items (Set II)

Color: Black and White

Time: 40 Min

Psychometric Properties of APM:

Norms:

The standardization of the APM in Jordan was carried out in 1986. The test was given to a
sample of 1300 males and 1242 females ranging in age from 11 to 40 years.

Reliability:

Manual reports that APM set II has good internal consistency, with split-half reliability
coefficients varying between 0.83 and 0.87.

Validity:

In a sample of 149 college applicants, APM scores correlated 0.56 with maths scores on the
American College Test (Koenig, Frey & Detterman, 2007).

In a study using 104 university students, Frey and Detterman (2004) reported that scores from
the APM correlated 0.48 with scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT).

Sample item:
Colored Progressive Matrices:

Test Description:

Constructed by Raven in 1947 as an alternative to SPM

Age Group: 5-11 years

It is also designed for elderly and people with moderate or severe learning difficulties.

It contains sets A and B from the standard matrices, with a further set of 12 items inserted
between the two, as set Ab.

Color:

Most items are presented on colored background. However few last items are black and white.

Psychometric Properties of CPM:

Norms:

CPM was standardized on a sample of 986 from Yemen from the ages 6 to 11 years old.
Younger children performed better than the older children.

Reliability:

Raven determined test-retest reliability of 0.80 at the age of 9.5 and 0.60 at the age of 6.5.

The CPM was administered to a sample of 259 children in Lithuania and re- administered 2 years
later wherein the test-retest reliability was 0.49.

Validity:

Raven states the correlation of CPM with Terman-Merill L Scale of 0.66 and with Crichon
Vocabulary Test of 0.65 ( at the age of 9 years).

Sample Item:
Colored Progressive Matrices grading criteria:

Grade I: “Intellectually superior,” if a score lies at or above the 95th percentile for people of that
age group

Grade II: “Definitely above the average in intellectual capacity,” if a score lies at or above the
75th percentile

Grade III: “Intellectually average,” if a score lies between the 25th and 75th percentiles

Grade IV: “Definitely below average in intellectual capacity” if a score lies at or below the 25th
percentile

Grade V: “Intellectually impaired,” if a score lies at or below the 5th percentile for that age
group.

Administration:

 Each version of the SPM is administered by use of a booklet containing the version
specific matrices.
 There are Easy Score Answer sheets on which the subjects have to write the answers.
 The test is usually untimed but time taken to answer the test is to be noted down.

Scoring:

 The total score is the total number of matrices completed correctly.


 The SPM, thus, produces a single raw score that can be converted to a percentile based on
normative data collected from various groups.

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