Scribd
Upload
5K views39 pages

Cell Structure & Function

Cell parts and their functions. Free PowerPoint Templates: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/

Uploaded by

dacspinlac
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
5K views39 pages

Cell Structure & Function

Cell parts and their functions. Free PowerPoint Templates: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/

Uploaded by

dacspinlac
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
You are on page 1/ 39

Cell Structure & Function

3 basic structures: cell membrane, nucleus, & cytoplasm. Organelles perform specialized functions to maintain the cells life.

CELL MEMBRANE

Structure: lipid bilayer (fluid mosaic model) Other biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates

CELL MEMBRANE

Function: Separates cell from surroundings Regulates entry/exit of substances Protects & supports the cell

CELL WALL
Structure (in plants): Middle lamella
Pectin: gluey substance

Primary CW
Cellulose: elastic, fibrous material

Secondary CW
Cellulose + lignin: more rigid Found in plants w/ woody stems

CELL WALL
Structure (contd): Plants: cellulose (and lignin) Fungi: chitin Prokaryotes: CH2Os & polypeptides

Function: Protects & supports the cell

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes karyon=kernel/nucleus + pro=before karyon=kernel/nucleus + eu=true Prokaryotes
Bacteria & relatives

Eukaryotes
Includes both uni- and multicellular organisms Importance of compartmentalization
Provides local environments for metabolic functions Incompatible processes can go on simultaneously

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Structure Nuclear envelope
S: doublemembrane, w/ pores F: forms boundary of nucleus

Nucleolus
S: small, dense region; made of RNA+proteins F: where ribosome synthesis begins

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Structure Chromosomes
DNA + histones In prokaryotes:
Less complex In nucleoid

In humans:
46 chromosomes in somatic cells 23 in gametes

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Structure Chromosomes
DNA + histones In prokaryotes:
Less complex In nucleoid

In humans:
46 chromosomes in somatic cells 23 in gametes

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Function Contains DNA: info & control center Protein synthesis One of the main functions of cells Ex.
myosin & actin hemoglobin

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Function Contains DNA: info & control center Protein synthesis One of the main functions of cells Ex.
myosin & actin hemoglobin

NUCLEUS (pl. nuclei)


Function Contains DNA: info & control center Protein synthesis One of the main functions of cells Ex.
myosin & actin hemoglobin

CYTOPLASM

Structure Area between nucleus & cell membrane Function Contains organelles

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES

Organelle (little organ) Performs a specialized function in a cell

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES
Protein Factories: Ribosomes Manufacturers & Shippers: Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus Cleanup Crews: Lysosomes Storage Tanks: Vacuoles Power Stations: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Framework: Cytoskeleton

RIBOSOMES: Protein Factories


Structure RNA + protein Free/bound Function Site of protein synthesis # of ribosomes protein synthesis example of structure function

Smallest of organelles: <25 nm in diameter

RIBOSOMES: Protein Factories


Structure RNA + protein Free/bound Function Site of protein synthesis # of ribosomes protein synthesis example of structure function

Also in prokaryotes

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM & GOLGI APPARATUS: Manufacturers & Shippers

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Endoplasmic: w/in the cytoplasm Reticulum: from Latin word meaning network Structure Extensive internal membrane Function Assembly of components of CM Storage of enzymes & chemicals (smooth ER) Protein modification (rough ER)

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Smooth ER) Structure W/ smooth walls Function Stores special enzymes & chemicals (ex. for lipid synthesis, CH2O metabolism, detoxification of drugs/poisons)

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Rough ER) Structure Rough appearance (due to ribosomes) Function Protein synthesis/modification

GOLGI APPARATUS

Camillo Golgi
Italian scientist who discovered the organelle

Also called Golgi bodies

GOLGI APPARATUS

Structure Flattened stack of membranes Function Protein/molecule modification, collection, packaging, distribution

LYSOSOMES: Clean-up Crews


Structure Small, membranebound structure Formed from Golgi apparatus Function Contains enzymes for phagocytosis & autophagy

LYSOSOMES: Clean-up Crews


Function
Contains enzymes for phagocytosis & autophagy

endocytosis: endo=inside + kytos=vessel/cell phagocytosis: phagein=to eat + kytos=vessel/cell autophagy: autos=self + phagein=to eat

LYSOSOMES: Clean-up Crews

Tay-Sachs disease

VACUOLES: Storage Tanks

Structure Membrane-enclosed sac Function Store materials: water, salts, proteins, CH2Os

VACUOLES: Storage Tanks


FOOD VACUOLES Formed by endocytosis WATER VACUOLES (in plants) Large, central vacuole w/ liquid

VACUOLES: Storage Tanks


FOOD VACUOLES Formed by endocytosis WATER VACUOLES (in plants) Large, central vacuole w/ liquid

MITOCHONDRIA & CHLOROPLASTS: Power Stations

MITOCHONDRIA & CHLOROPLASTS


Recall from 11 themes that unify biology: Organisms are open systems that interact continuously w/ their environments. Function Convert E into forms that the cell can use for work

MITOCHONDRIA (sing. MITOCHONDRION)


Structure Outer membrane: surrounds organelle Inner membrane: w/ many folds (SA) Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, including plants & algae In general: # of mit ~ cells metabolic activity

MITOCHONDRIA (sing. MITOCHONDRION)


Function Site of cellular respiration - Generates ATP by extracting E from sugars, fats, & other fuels, w/ the help of O2

CHLOROPLASTS
Plastid: plant organelles that store food/pigments Ex. amyloplast, chromoplast, chloroplast

CHLOROPLASTS
Structure W/ 2 envelope-like membranes 3rd membrane arranged into flattened sacs - Where E from sunlight chemical E Do photosynthetic prokaryotes have chloroplasts?

CHLOROPLASTS
Function: Site of photosynthesis

Chlorophyll
Chl a violet & red regions Chl b blue & red regions

CYTOSKELETON: Framework
Structure Microtubules
Hollow tubes made of proteins Cilia (sing. cilium): for cell movement, movement of substances along cell surface Flagella (sing. flagellum): for cell movement 9+2 configuration: 9 prs around 1 pr of microtubules

Microfilaments
Long, thin fibers

CYTOSKELETON: Framework
Structure Microtubules
Hollow tubes made of proteins Cilia (sing. cilium): for cell movement, movement of substances along cell surface Flagella (sing. flagellum): for cell movement 9+2 configuration: 9 prs around 1 pr of microtubules

Microfilaments
Long, thin fibers

CYTOSKELETON: Framework
Function
Supports cell structure Drives cell movement

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy